Seven design principles are discussed: balance, rhythm, emphasis, proportion and scale, movement, contrast, and unity. Balance refers to symmetrical, asymmetrical, radial, vertical, or horizontal distribution of elements. Rhythm involves regular, graduated, random, or gradational repetition of elements. Emphasis draws the eye through size, placement, shape, color or lines. Proportion and scale relate to comparative element sizes. Contrast is created through differences in color, size, shape, texture, etc. Unity involves consistent use of lines, color, materials or textures.

1. DESIGN PRINCIPLES
• BY:- DIVYA BALANI

2. Seven principles encompass an interesting
design.
•Balance
•Rhythm
•Emphasis
•Proportion and scale
•Movement
•Contrast
•Unity
DESIGN PRINCIPLES

3. BALANCE
• Parts of the design are equally distributed to create a sense of
stability. Both physical and visual balance exist.
• Types
•Symmetrical or formal balance
•Asymmetrical or informal balance
•Radial balance
•Vertical balance
•Horizontal balance

4. Symmetrical or Formal Balance
The elements within the design are identical in
relation to a centerline or axis.
BALANCE
The Taj Mahal Mausoleum
Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India

5. Asymmetrical or Informal Balance
Parts of the design are not identical but are equal
in visual weight.
BALANCE
Chateau de Chaumont
Saone-et-Loire, France
Wikipedia.org

6. Radial Balance
BALANCE
Design elements radiate outward from the center.
Microsoft Office clipart
Microsoft Office clipart
Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II
Milan, Italy
Architect: Giuseppe Mengoni
Dresden Frauenkirche
Deresden, Germay

7. Vertical Balance
The top and bottom parts are equal.
BALANCE

8. Horizontal Balance
The parts on the left and right sides are equal.
BALANCE
Building façade
Limberg, Germany
Hearst Castle
San Simeon, CA
Architect: Julia Morgan
Chi Lin Buddhist Temple and Nunnery
Kowloon City, Hong Kong

9. BALANCE

10. Repeated use of line, shape, color, texture
or pattern
Types
•Regular rhythm
•Graduated rhythm
•Random rhythm
•Gradated rhythm
RHYTHM

11. Regular Rhythm
An element is repeated at the same
repetition/interval each time.
RHYTHM
Microsoft Office clipart Microsoft Office clipart
Cube house design
Rotterdam, Netherlands

12. Random Rhythm
The beats of the
element are random
or are at irregular
intervals.
RHYTHM

13. Gradated Rhythm
The repeated element is identical with the
exception of one detail increasing or
decreasing gradually with each repetition.
RHYTHM
Left: Stack of rocks used
as focal point in
landscaping
Right: The Chinese Tower
English Gardens
Munich, Germany

14. The feature in a design
that attracts one’s eye –
the focal point
•Emphasis can be
achieved through size,
placement, shape, color,
and/or use of lines
EMPHASIS
Ceiling mosaic in Park Gruell
Mosque - Egypt
Wikipedia.org

15. Comparative
relationships between
elements in a design
with respect to size
3:5 ratio is known as
the Golden Mean
PROPORTION AND SCALE

16. Flow or feeling of action
Movement

17. CONTRAST
Noticeably different
Can be created with
•Color
•Proportion and scale
•Shape
•Texture
•Etc.
©iStockphoto.com

18. VARIETY
• When two or more
different elements of
design are used to add
interest to a design.
• Variety can be
achieved by combining
different styles and
materials, as long as
they are compatible.

19. Unity is achieved by the consistent use of lines,
color, material, and/or texture within a design.
UNITY
©iStockphoto.com

20. UNITY