In this paper first we investigate optimal PID control of a double integrating plus delay process and compare with the SIMC rules. What makes the double integrating process special is that derivative action is actually necessary for stabilization. In control, there is generally a trade-off between performance and
robustness, so there does not exist a single optimal controller. However, for a given robustness level (here defined in terms of the Ms-value) we can find the optimal controller which minimizes the performance J (here defined as the integrated absolute error (IAE)-value for disturbances). Interestingly, the SIMC PID controller is almost identical to the optimal pid controller. This can be seen by comparing the paretooptimal
curve for J as a function of Ms, with the curve found by varying the SIMC tuning parameter Tc.
Second, design of Proportional Integral and Derivative (PID) controllers based on internal model control (IMC) principles, direct synthesis method (DS), stability analysis (SA) method for pure integrating process with time delay is proposed. The performances of the proposed controllers are compared with the
controllers designed by recently reported methods. The robustness of the proposed controllers for the uncertainty in model parameters is evaluated considering one parameter at a time using Kharitonov’s theorem. The proposed controllers are applied to various transfer function models and to non linear model of isothermal continuous copolymerization of styrene-acrylonitrile in CSTR. An experimental set up of tank
with the outlet connected to a pump is considered for implementation of the PID controllers designed by
the three proposed methods to show the effectiveness of the methods.
Controller Tuning for Integrator Plus Delay Processes.theijes
A design method for PID controllers based on internal model control (IMC) principles, direct synthesis method (DS), stability analysis (SA) method for pure integrating process with time delay is proposed. Analytical expressions for PID controllers are derived for several common types of process models, including first order and second-order plus time delay models and an integrator plus time delay model. Here in this paper, a simple controller design rule and tuning procedure for unstable processes with delay time is discussed. Simulation examples are included to show the effectiveness of the proposed method
Tuning of IMC-based PID controllers for integrating systems with time delayISA Interchange
Design of Proportional Integral and Derivative (PID) controllers based on IMC principles for various types of integrating systems with time delay is proposed. PID parameters are given in terms of process model parameters and a tuning parameter. The tuning parameter is IMC filter time constant. In the present work, the IMC filter (Q) is chosen in such a manner that the order of the denominator of IMC controller is one less than the order of the numerator. The IMC filter time constant (λ) is tuned in such a way that a good compromise is made between performance and robustness for both servo and regulatory problems. To improve servo response of the controller a set point filter is designed such that the closed loop response is similar to that of first order plus time delay system. The proposed controller design method is applied to various transfer function models and to the non-linear model equations of jacketed CSTR to demonstrate its applicability and effectiveness. The performance of the proposed controller is compared with the recently reported methods in terms of IAE and ITAE. The smooth functioning of the controller is determined in terms of total variation and compared with recently reported methods. Simulation studies are carried out on various integrating systems with time delay to show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed controllers.
Tuning of PID controllers for integrating systems using direct synthesis methodISA Interchange
A PID controller is designed for various forms of integrating systems with time delay using direct synthesis method. The method is based on comparing the characteristic equation of the integrating system and PID controller with a filter with the desired characteristic equation. The desired characteristic equation comprises of multiple poles which are placed at the same desired location. The tuning parameter is adjusted so as to achieve the desired robustness. Tuning rules in terms of process parameters are given for various forms of integrating systems. The tuning parameter can be selected for the desired robustness by specifying Ms value. The proposed controller design method is applied to various transfer function models and to the nonlinear model equations of jacketed CSTR to show its effectiveness and applicability.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
FRACTIONAL ORDER PID CONTROLLER TUNING BASED ON IMC IJITCA Journal
In this work, a class of fractional order controller (FOPID) is tuned based on internal model control
(IMC). This tuning rule has been obtained without any approximation of time delay. Moreover to show
usefulness of fractional order controller in comparison with classical integer order controllers, an
industrial PID controller tuned in a similar way, is compared with FOPID and then robust stability of both
controllers is investigated. Robust stability analysis has been done to find maximum delayed time
uncertainty interval which results in a stable closed loop control system. For a typical system, robust
stability has been done to find maximum time constant uncertainty interval of system. Two clarify the
proposed control system design procedure, three examples have been given.
Experimental evaluation of control performance of MPC as a regulatory controllerISA Interchange
Proportional integral derivative (PID) control is widely practiced as the base layer controller in the industry due to its robustness and design simplicity. However, a supervisory control layer over the base layer, namely a model predictive controller (MPC), is becoming increasingly popular with the advent of computer process control. The use of a supervisory layer has led to different control structures. In this study, we perform an objective investigation of several commonly used control structures such as “Cascaded PI controller,” “DMC cascaded to PI” and “Direct DMC.” Performance of these control structures are compared on a pilot-scale continuous stirred tank heater (CSTH) system. We used dynamic matrix control (DMC) algorithm as a representative of MPC. In the DMC cascaded to PI structure, the flow-loops are regulated by the PI controller. On top of that a DMC manipulates the set-points of the flow-loops to control the temperature and the level of water in the tank. The “Direct DMC” structure, as its name suggests, uses DMC to manipulate the valves directly. Performance of all control structures were evaluated based on the integrated squared error (ISE) values. In this empirical study, the “Direct DMC” structure showed a promise to act as regulatory controller. The selection of control frequency is critical for this structure. The effect of control frequency on controller performance of the “Direct DMC” structure was also studied.
Closed-loop step response for tuning PID fractional-order filter controllersISA Interchange
Analytical methods are usually applied for tuning fractional controllers. The present paper proposes an empirical method for tuning a new type of fractional controller known as PID-Fractional-Order-Filter (FOF-PID). Indeed, the setpoint overshoot method, initially introduced by Shamsuzzoha and Skogestad, has been adapted for tuning FOF-PID controller. Based on simulations for a range of first order with time delay processes, correlations have been derived to obtain PID-FOF controller parameters similar to those obtained by the Internal Model Control (IMC) tuning rule. The setpoint overshoot method requires only one closed-loop step response experiment using a proportional controller (P-controller). To highlight the potential of this method, simulation results have been compared with those obtained with the IMC method as well as other pertinent techniques. Various case studies have also been considered. The comparison has revealed that the proposed tuning method performs as good as the IMC. Moreover, it might offer a number of advantages over the IMC tuning rule. For instance, the parameters of the frac- tional controller are directly obtained from the setpoint closed-loop response data without the need of any model of the plant to be controlled.
Controller Tuning for Integrator Plus Delay Processes.theijes
A design method for PID controllers based on internal model control (IMC) principles, direct synthesis method (DS), stability analysis (SA) method for pure integrating process with time delay is proposed. Analytical expressions for PID controllers are derived for several common types of process models, including first order and second-order plus time delay models and an integrator plus time delay model. Here in this paper, a simple controller design rule and tuning procedure for unstable processes with delay time is discussed. Simulation examples are included to show the effectiveness of the proposed method
Tuning of IMC-based PID controllers for integrating systems with time delayISA Interchange
Design of Proportional Integral and Derivative (PID) controllers based on IMC principles for various types of integrating systems with time delay is proposed. PID parameters are given in terms of process model parameters and a tuning parameter. The tuning parameter is IMC filter time constant. In the present work, the IMC filter (Q) is chosen in such a manner that the order of the denominator of IMC controller is one less than the order of the numerator. The IMC filter time constant (λ) is tuned in such a way that a good compromise is made between performance and robustness for both servo and regulatory problems. To improve servo response of the controller a set point filter is designed such that the closed loop response is similar to that of first order plus time delay system. The proposed controller design method is applied to various transfer function models and to the non-linear model equations of jacketed CSTR to demonstrate its applicability and effectiveness. The performance of the proposed controller is compared with the recently reported methods in terms of IAE and ITAE. The smooth functioning of the controller is determined in terms of total variation and compared with recently reported methods. Simulation studies are carried out on various integrating systems with time delay to show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed controllers.
Tuning of PID controllers for integrating systems using direct synthesis methodISA Interchange
A PID controller is designed for various forms of integrating systems with time delay using direct synthesis method. The method is based on comparing the characteristic equation of the integrating system and PID controller with a filter with the desired characteristic equation. The desired characteristic equation comprises of multiple poles which are placed at the same desired location. The tuning parameter is adjusted so as to achieve the desired robustness. Tuning rules in terms of process parameters are given for various forms of integrating systems. The tuning parameter can be selected for the desired robustness by specifying Ms value. The proposed controller design method is applied to various transfer function models and to the nonlinear model equations of jacketed CSTR to show its effectiveness and applicability.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
FRACTIONAL ORDER PID CONTROLLER TUNING BASED ON IMC IJITCA Journal
In this work, a class of fractional order controller (FOPID) is tuned based on internal model control
(IMC). This tuning rule has been obtained without any approximation of time delay. Moreover to show
usefulness of fractional order controller in comparison with classical integer order controllers, an
industrial PID controller tuned in a similar way, is compared with FOPID and then robust stability of both
controllers is investigated. Robust stability analysis has been done to find maximum delayed time
uncertainty interval which results in a stable closed loop control system. For a typical system, robust
stability has been done to find maximum time constant uncertainty interval of system. Two clarify the
proposed control system design procedure, three examples have been given.
Experimental evaluation of control performance of MPC as a regulatory controllerISA Interchange
Proportional integral derivative (PID) control is widely practiced as the base layer controller in the industry due to its robustness and design simplicity. However, a supervisory control layer over the base layer, namely a model predictive controller (MPC), is becoming increasingly popular with the advent of computer process control. The use of a supervisory layer has led to different control structures. In this study, we perform an objective investigation of several commonly used control structures such as “Cascaded PI controller,” “DMC cascaded to PI” and “Direct DMC.” Performance of these control structures are compared on a pilot-scale continuous stirred tank heater (CSTH) system. We used dynamic matrix control (DMC) algorithm as a representative of MPC. In the DMC cascaded to PI structure, the flow-loops are regulated by the PI controller. On top of that a DMC manipulates the set-points of the flow-loops to control the temperature and the level of water in the tank. The “Direct DMC” structure, as its name suggests, uses DMC to manipulate the valves directly. Performance of all control structures were evaluated based on the integrated squared error (ISE) values. In this empirical study, the “Direct DMC” structure showed a promise to act as regulatory controller. The selection of control frequency is critical for this structure. The effect of control frequency on controller performance of the “Direct DMC” structure was also studied.
Closed-loop step response for tuning PID fractional-order filter controllersISA Interchange
Analytical methods are usually applied for tuning fractional controllers. The present paper proposes an empirical method for tuning a new type of fractional controller known as PID-Fractional-Order-Filter (FOF-PID). Indeed, the setpoint overshoot method, initially introduced by Shamsuzzoha and Skogestad, has been adapted for tuning FOF-PID controller. Based on simulations for a range of first order with time delay processes, correlations have been derived to obtain PID-FOF controller parameters similar to those obtained by the Internal Model Control (IMC) tuning rule. The setpoint overshoot method requires only one closed-loop step response experiment using a proportional controller (P-controller). To highlight the potential of this method, simulation results have been compared with those obtained with the IMC method as well as other pertinent techniques. Various case studies have also been considered. The comparison has revealed that the proposed tuning method performs as good as the IMC. Moreover, it might offer a number of advantages over the IMC tuning rule. For instance, the parameters of the frac- tional controller are directly obtained from the setpoint closed-loop response data without the need of any model of the plant to be controlled.
Disturbance Rejection with a Highly Oscillating Second-Order Process, Part I...Scientific Review SR
This research paper aims at investigating disturbance rejection associated with a highly oscillating
second-order process. The PD-PI controller having three parameters are tuned to provide efficient rejection of a
step input disturbance input. Controller tuning based on using MATLAB control and optimization toolboxes.
Using the suggested tuning technique, it is possible to reduce the maximum time response of the closed loop
control system to as low as 0.0095 and obtain time response to the disturbance input having zero settling time.
The effect of the proportional gain of the PD-PI controller on the control system dynamics is investigated for a
gain ≤ 100. The performance of the control system during disturbance rejection using the PD -PI controller is
compared with that using a second-order compensator. The PD-PI controller is superior in dealing with the
disturbance rejection associated with the highly oscillating second-order process
Comparison Analysis of Model Predictive Controller with Classical PID Control...ijeei-iaes
pH control plays a important role in any chemical plant and process industries. For the past four decades the classical PID controller has been occupied by the industries. Due to the faster computing technology in the industry demands a tighter advanced control strategy. To fulfill the needs and requirements Model Predictive Control (MPC) is the best among all the advanced control algorithms available in the present scenario. The study and analysis has been done for First Order plus Delay Time (FOPDT) model controlled by Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) and MPC using the Matlab software. This paper explores the capability of the MPC strategy, analyze and compare the control effects with conventional control strategy in pH control. A comparison results between the PID and MPC is plotted using the software. The results clearly show that MPC provide better performance than the classical controller.
Distributed Control System Applied in Temperatur Control by Coordinating Mult...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In Distributed Control System (DCS), multitasking management has been important issues
continuously researched and developed. In this paper, DCS was applied in global temperature control
system by coordinating three Local Control Units (LCUs). To design LCU’s controller parameters, both
analytical and experimental method were employed. In analytical method, the plants were firstly identified
to get their transfer functions which were then used to derive control parameters based on desired
response qualities. The experimental method (Ziegler-Nichols) was also applied due to practicable reason
in real industrial plant (less mathematical analysis). To manage set-points distributed to all LCUs, master
controller was subsequently designed based on zone of both error and set-point of global temperature
controller. Confirmation experiments showed that when using control parameters from analytical method,
the global temperature response could successfully follow the distributed set-points with 0% overshoot,
193.92 second rise time, and 266.88 second settling time. While using control parameters from
experimental method, it could also follow the distributed set-points with presence of overshoot (16.9%), but
has less rise time and settling time (111.36 and 138.72 second). In this research, the overshoot could be
successfully decreased from 16.9 to 9.39 % by changing master control rule. This proposed method can
be potentially applied in real industrial plant due to its simplicity in master control algorithm and presence
of PID controller which has been generally included in today industrial equipments.
Optimised control using Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller tuned usi...IJECEIAES
Time delays are generally unavoidable in the designing frameworks for mechanical and electrical systems and so on. In both continuous and discrete schemes, the existence of delay creates undesirable impacts on the underthought which forces exacting constraints on attainable execution. The presence of delay confounds the design structure procedure also. It makes continuous systems boundless dimensional and also extends the readings in discrete systems fundamentally. As the Proportional-IntegralDerivative (PID) controller based on internal model control is essential and strong to address the vulnerabilities and aggravations of the model. But for an real industry process, they are less susceptible to noise than the PID controller.It results in just one tuning parameter which is the time constant of the closed-loop system λ, the internal model control filter factor. It additionally gives a decent answer for the procedure with huge time delays. The design of the PID controller based on the internal model control, with approximation of time delay using Pade’ and Taylor’s series is depicted in this paper. The first order filter used in the design provides good set-point tracking along with disturbance rejection.
Modified smith predictor based cascade control of unstable time delay processesISA Interchange
An improved cascade control structure with a modified Smith predictor is proposed for controlling open-loop unstable time delay processes. The proposed structure has three controllers of which one is meant for servo response and the other two are for regulatory responses. An analytical design method is derived for the two disturbance rejection controllers by proposing the desired closed-loop complementary sensitivity functions. These two closed-loop controllers are considered in the form of proportional–integral-derivative (PID) controller cascaded with a second order lead/lag filter. The direct synthesis method is used to design the setpoint tracking controller. By virtue of the enhanced structure, the proposed control scheme decouples the servo response from the regulatory response in case of nominal systems i.e., the setpoint tracking controller and the disturbance rejection controller can be tuned independently. Internal stability of the proposed cascade structure is analyzed. Kharitonov’s theorem is used for the robustness analysis. The disturbance rejection capability of the proposed scheme is superior as compared to existing methods. Examples are also included to illustrate the simplicity and usefulness of the proposed method.
Internal model controller based PID with fractional filter design for a nonli...IJECEIAES
In this paper, an Internal model Controller (IMC) based PID with fractional filter for a first order plus time delay process is proposed. The structure of the controller has two parts, one is integer PID controller part cascaded with fractional filter. The proposed controller has two tuning factors λ, filter time constant and a, fractional order of the filter. In this work, the two factors are decided in order to obtain low Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE). The effectiveness of the proposed controller is studied by considering a non linear (hopper tank) process. The experimental set up is fabricated in the laboratory and then data driven model is developed from the experimental data. The non linear process model is linearised using piecewise linearization and two linear regions are obtained. At each operating point, linear first order plus dead time model is obtained and the controller is designed for the same. To show the practical applicability, the proposed controller is implemented for the proposed experimental laboratory prototype.
Design of a model reference adaptive PID control algorithm for a tank system IJECEIAES
This paper describes the design of an adaptive controller based on model reference adaptive PID control (MRAPIDC) to stabilize a two-tank process when large variations of parameters and external disturbances affect the closed-loop system. To achieve that, an innovative structure of the adaptive PID controller is defined, an additional PI is designed to make sure that the reference model produces stable output signals and three adaptive gains are included to guarantee stability and robustness of the closed-loop system. Then, the performance of the model reference adaptive PID controller on the behaviour of the closed-loop system is compared to a PI controller designed on MATLAB when both closed-loop systems are under various conditions. The results demonstrate that the MRAPIDC performs significantly better than the conventional PI controller.
IMC Based Fractional Order Controller for Three Interacting Tank ProcessTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In model based control, performance of the controlled plant considerably depends on the
accuracy of real plant being modelled. In present work, an attempt has been made to design Internal
Model Control (IMC), for three interacting tank process for liquid level control. To avoid complexities in
controller design, the third order three interacting tank process is modelled to First Order Plus Dead Time
(FOPDT) model. Exploiting the admirable features of Fractional Calculus, the higher order model is also
modelled to Fractional Order First Order Plus Dead Time (FO-FOPDT) model, which further reduces the
modelling error. Moving to control section, different IMC schemes have been proposed based on the order
of filter. Various simulations have been performed to show the greatness of Fractional order modelled
system & fractional order filters over conventional integer order modelled system & integer order filters
respectively. Both for parameters estimation of reduced order model and filter tuning, Genetic Algorithm
(GA) is being applied.
HYBRID FUZZY LOGIC AND PID CONTROLLER FOR PH NEUTRALIZATION PILOT PLANTijfls
Use of Control theory within process control industries has changed rapidly due to the increase complexity
of instrumentation, real time requirements, minimization of operating costs and highly nonlinear
characteristics of chemical process. Previously developed process control technologies which are mostly
based on a single controller are not efficient in terms of signal transmission delays, processing power for
computational needs and signal to noise ratio. Hybrid controller with efficient system modelling is essential
to cope with the current challenges of process control in terms of control performance. This paper presents
an optimized mathematical modelling and advance hybrid controller (Fuzzy Logic and PID) design along
with practical implementation and validation of pH neutralization pilot plant. This procedure is
particularly important for control design and automation of Physico-chemical systems for process control
industry.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
MODEL BASED ANALYSIS OF TEMPERATURE PROCESS UNDER VARIOUS CONTROL STRATEGIES ...Journal For Research
This paper analyze the temperature process in an empirical model. From the empirical model the system behavior is determined by transfer function and the basic controller strategies Ziegler-Nichols & Cohen-Coon method are implemented in it. With these tuning methods the best control strategies are obtained at the final stage by interfacing the system with NI-myRIO kit.
A novel auto-tuning method for fractional order PID controllersISA Interchange
Fractional order PID controllers benefit from an increasing amount of interest from the research community due to their proven advantages. The classical tuning approach for these controllers is based on specifying a certain gain crossover frequency, a phase margin and a robustness to gain variations. To tune the fractional order controllers, the modulus, phase and phase slope of the process at the imposed gain crossover frequency are required. Usually these values are obtained from a mathematical model of the process, e.g. a transfer function. In the absence of such model, an auto-tuning method that is able to estimate these values is a valuable alternative. Auto-tuning methods are among the least discussed design methods for fractional order PID controllers. This paper proposes a novel approach for the auto-tuning of fractional order controllers. The method is based on a simple experiment that is able to determine the modulus, phase and phase slope of the process required in the computation of the controller parameters. The proposed design technique is simple and efficient in ensuring the robustness of the closed loop system. Several simulation examples are presented, including the control of processes exhibiting integer and fractional order dynamics.
The problem of controlling an unstable delayed double integrating process with fractional delay using a
feed forward first-order lag-lead compensator is studied. The effect of time delay of the process in a range between
0.1 and 0.9 seconds is considered. The compensator is tuned using MATLAB optimization toolbox with five forms
of the objective function in terms of the error between the step time response of the closed-loop control system and
the response steady-state value. Using the proposed compensator with the fractional delayed double integrating
process indicates the robustness of the compensator in the time delay range used with superior time-based
specifications compared with other technique based on PID controller.
Keywords — Delayed double integrating process with fractional delay, Feed forward lag-lead first-order
compensator, compensator tuning, MATLAB optimization toolbox, Control system performance.
Hybrid controller design using gain scheduling approach for compressor systemsIJECEIAES
The automatic control system plays a crucial role in industries for controlling the process operations. The automatic control system provides a safe and proper controlling mechanism to avoid environmental and quality problems. The control system controls pressure flow, mass flow, speed control, and other process metrics and solves robustness and stability issues. In this manuscript, The Hybrid controller approach like proportional integral (PI) and proportional derivative (PD) based fuzzy logic controller (FLC) using with and without gain scheduling approach is modeled for the compressor to improve the robustness and error response control mechanism. The PI/PD-based FLC system includes step input function, the PI/PD controller, FLC with a closed-loop mechanism, and gain scheduler. The error signals and control response outputs are analyzed in detail for PI/PD-based FLC’s and compared with conventional PD/PID controllers. The PD-based FLC with the Gain scheduling approach consumes less overshoot time of 74% than the PD-based FLC without gain scheduling approach. The PD-based FLC with the gain scheduling approach produces less error response in terms of 7.9% in integral time absolute error (ITAE), 7.4% in integral absolute error (IAE), and 16% in integral square error (ISE) than PD based FLC without gain scheduling approach.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONVENTIONAL PID CONTROLLER AND FUZZY CONTROLLER WIT...IJITCA Journal
All the real systems exhibits non-linear nature,conventional controllers are not always able to provide good and accurate results. Fuzzy Logic Control is used to obtain better response. A model for simulation is designed and all the assumptions are made before the development of the model. An attempt has been made to analyze the efficiency of a fuzzy controller over a conventional PID controller for a three tank level control system using fuzzification & defuzzification methods and their responses are compared. Analysis is done through computer simulation using Matlab/Simulink toolbox. This study shows that the application of Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) gives the best response with triangular membership function and centroid defuzzification method.
Disturbance Rejection with a Highly Oscillating Second-Order Process, Part I...Scientific Review SR
This research paper aims at investigating disturbance rejection associated with a highly oscillating
second-order process. The PD-PI controller having three parameters are tuned to provide efficient rejection of a
step input disturbance input. Controller tuning based on using MATLAB control and optimization toolboxes.
Using the suggested tuning technique, it is possible to reduce the maximum time response of the closed loop
control system to as low as 0.0095 and obtain time response to the disturbance input having zero settling time.
The effect of the proportional gain of the PD-PI controller on the control system dynamics is investigated for a
gain ≤ 100. The performance of the control system during disturbance rejection using the PD -PI controller is
compared with that using a second-order compensator. The PD-PI controller is superior in dealing with the
disturbance rejection associated with the highly oscillating second-order process
Comparison Analysis of Model Predictive Controller with Classical PID Control...ijeei-iaes
pH control plays a important role in any chemical plant and process industries. For the past four decades the classical PID controller has been occupied by the industries. Due to the faster computing technology in the industry demands a tighter advanced control strategy. To fulfill the needs and requirements Model Predictive Control (MPC) is the best among all the advanced control algorithms available in the present scenario. The study and analysis has been done for First Order plus Delay Time (FOPDT) model controlled by Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) and MPC using the Matlab software. This paper explores the capability of the MPC strategy, analyze and compare the control effects with conventional control strategy in pH control. A comparison results between the PID and MPC is plotted using the software. The results clearly show that MPC provide better performance than the classical controller.
Distributed Control System Applied in Temperatur Control by Coordinating Mult...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In Distributed Control System (DCS), multitasking management has been important issues
continuously researched and developed. In this paper, DCS was applied in global temperature control
system by coordinating three Local Control Units (LCUs). To design LCU’s controller parameters, both
analytical and experimental method were employed. In analytical method, the plants were firstly identified
to get their transfer functions which were then used to derive control parameters based on desired
response qualities. The experimental method (Ziegler-Nichols) was also applied due to practicable reason
in real industrial plant (less mathematical analysis). To manage set-points distributed to all LCUs, master
controller was subsequently designed based on zone of both error and set-point of global temperature
controller. Confirmation experiments showed that when using control parameters from analytical method,
the global temperature response could successfully follow the distributed set-points with 0% overshoot,
193.92 second rise time, and 266.88 second settling time. While using control parameters from
experimental method, it could also follow the distributed set-points with presence of overshoot (16.9%), but
has less rise time and settling time (111.36 and 138.72 second). In this research, the overshoot could be
successfully decreased from 16.9 to 9.39 % by changing master control rule. This proposed method can
be potentially applied in real industrial plant due to its simplicity in master control algorithm and presence
of PID controller which has been generally included in today industrial equipments.
Optimised control using Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller tuned usi...IJECEIAES
Time delays are generally unavoidable in the designing frameworks for mechanical and electrical systems and so on. In both continuous and discrete schemes, the existence of delay creates undesirable impacts on the underthought which forces exacting constraints on attainable execution. The presence of delay confounds the design structure procedure also. It makes continuous systems boundless dimensional and also extends the readings in discrete systems fundamentally. As the Proportional-IntegralDerivative (PID) controller based on internal model control is essential and strong to address the vulnerabilities and aggravations of the model. But for an real industry process, they are less susceptible to noise than the PID controller.It results in just one tuning parameter which is the time constant of the closed-loop system λ, the internal model control filter factor. It additionally gives a decent answer for the procedure with huge time delays. The design of the PID controller based on the internal model control, with approximation of time delay using Pade’ and Taylor’s series is depicted in this paper. The first order filter used in the design provides good set-point tracking along with disturbance rejection.
Modified smith predictor based cascade control of unstable time delay processesISA Interchange
An improved cascade control structure with a modified Smith predictor is proposed for controlling open-loop unstable time delay processes. The proposed structure has three controllers of which one is meant for servo response and the other two are for regulatory responses. An analytical design method is derived for the two disturbance rejection controllers by proposing the desired closed-loop complementary sensitivity functions. These two closed-loop controllers are considered in the form of proportional–integral-derivative (PID) controller cascaded with a second order lead/lag filter. The direct synthesis method is used to design the setpoint tracking controller. By virtue of the enhanced structure, the proposed control scheme decouples the servo response from the regulatory response in case of nominal systems i.e., the setpoint tracking controller and the disturbance rejection controller can be tuned independently. Internal stability of the proposed cascade structure is analyzed. Kharitonov’s theorem is used for the robustness analysis. The disturbance rejection capability of the proposed scheme is superior as compared to existing methods. Examples are also included to illustrate the simplicity and usefulness of the proposed method.
Internal model controller based PID with fractional filter design for a nonli...IJECEIAES
In this paper, an Internal model Controller (IMC) based PID with fractional filter for a first order plus time delay process is proposed. The structure of the controller has two parts, one is integer PID controller part cascaded with fractional filter. The proposed controller has two tuning factors λ, filter time constant and a, fractional order of the filter. In this work, the two factors are decided in order to obtain low Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE). The effectiveness of the proposed controller is studied by considering a non linear (hopper tank) process. The experimental set up is fabricated in the laboratory and then data driven model is developed from the experimental data. The non linear process model is linearised using piecewise linearization and two linear regions are obtained. At each operating point, linear first order plus dead time model is obtained and the controller is designed for the same. To show the practical applicability, the proposed controller is implemented for the proposed experimental laboratory prototype.
Design of a model reference adaptive PID control algorithm for a tank system IJECEIAES
This paper describes the design of an adaptive controller based on model reference adaptive PID control (MRAPIDC) to stabilize a two-tank process when large variations of parameters and external disturbances affect the closed-loop system. To achieve that, an innovative structure of the adaptive PID controller is defined, an additional PI is designed to make sure that the reference model produces stable output signals and three adaptive gains are included to guarantee stability and robustness of the closed-loop system. Then, the performance of the model reference adaptive PID controller on the behaviour of the closed-loop system is compared to a PI controller designed on MATLAB when both closed-loop systems are under various conditions. The results demonstrate that the MRAPIDC performs significantly better than the conventional PI controller.
IMC Based Fractional Order Controller for Three Interacting Tank ProcessTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In model based control, performance of the controlled plant considerably depends on the
accuracy of real plant being modelled. In present work, an attempt has been made to design Internal
Model Control (IMC), for three interacting tank process for liquid level control. To avoid complexities in
controller design, the third order three interacting tank process is modelled to First Order Plus Dead Time
(FOPDT) model. Exploiting the admirable features of Fractional Calculus, the higher order model is also
modelled to Fractional Order First Order Plus Dead Time (FO-FOPDT) model, which further reduces the
modelling error. Moving to control section, different IMC schemes have been proposed based on the order
of filter. Various simulations have been performed to show the greatness of Fractional order modelled
system & fractional order filters over conventional integer order modelled system & integer order filters
respectively. Both for parameters estimation of reduced order model and filter tuning, Genetic Algorithm
(GA) is being applied.
HYBRID FUZZY LOGIC AND PID CONTROLLER FOR PH NEUTRALIZATION PILOT PLANTijfls
Use of Control theory within process control industries has changed rapidly due to the increase complexity
of instrumentation, real time requirements, minimization of operating costs and highly nonlinear
characteristics of chemical process. Previously developed process control technologies which are mostly
based on a single controller are not efficient in terms of signal transmission delays, processing power for
computational needs and signal to noise ratio. Hybrid controller with efficient system modelling is essential
to cope with the current challenges of process control in terms of control performance. This paper presents
an optimized mathematical modelling and advance hybrid controller (Fuzzy Logic and PID) design along
with practical implementation and validation of pH neutralization pilot plant. This procedure is
particularly important for control design and automation of Physico-chemical systems for process control
industry.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
MODEL BASED ANALYSIS OF TEMPERATURE PROCESS UNDER VARIOUS CONTROL STRATEGIES ...Journal For Research
This paper analyze the temperature process in an empirical model. From the empirical model the system behavior is determined by transfer function and the basic controller strategies Ziegler-Nichols & Cohen-Coon method are implemented in it. With these tuning methods the best control strategies are obtained at the final stage by interfacing the system with NI-myRIO kit.
A novel auto-tuning method for fractional order PID controllersISA Interchange
Fractional order PID controllers benefit from an increasing amount of interest from the research community due to their proven advantages. The classical tuning approach for these controllers is based on specifying a certain gain crossover frequency, a phase margin and a robustness to gain variations. To tune the fractional order controllers, the modulus, phase and phase slope of the process at the imposed gain crossover frequency are required. Usually these values are obtained from a mathematical model of the process, e.g. a transfer function. In the absence of such model, an auto-tuning method that is able to estimate these values is a valuable alternative. Auto-tuning methods are among the least discussed design methods for fractional order PID controllers. This paper proposes a novel approach for the auto-tuning of fractional order controllers. The method is based on a simple experiment that is able to determine the modulus, phase and phase slope of the process required in the computation of the controller parameters. The proposed design technique is simple and efficient in ensuring the robustness of the closed loop system. Several simulation examples are presented, including the control of processes exhibiting integer and fractional order dynamics.
The problem of controlling an unstable delayed double integrating process with fractional delay using a
feed forward first-order lag-lead compensator is studied. The effect of time delay of the process in a range between
0.1 and 0.9 seconds is considered. The compensator is tuned using MATLAB optimization toolbox with five forms
of the objective function in terms of the error between the step time response of the closed-loop control system and
the response steady-state value. Using the proposed compensator with the fractional delayed double integrating
process indicates the robustness of the compensator in the time delay range used with superior time-based
specifications compared with other technique based on PID controller.
Keywords — Delayed double integrating process with fractional delay, Feed forward lag-lead first-order
compensator, compensator tuning, MATLAB optimization toolbox, Control system performance.
Hybrid controller design using gain scheduling approach for compressor systemsIJECEIAES
The automatic control system plays a crucial role in industries for controlling the process operations. The automatic control system provides a safe and proper controlling mechanism to avoid environmental and quality problems. The control system controls pressure flow, mass flow, speed control, and other process metrics and solves robustness and stability issues. In this manuscript, The Hybrid controller approach like proportional integral (PI) and proportional derivative (PD) based fuzzy logic controller (FLC) using with and without gain scheduling approach is modeled for the compressor to improve the robustness and error response control mechanism. The PI/PD-based FLC system includes step input function, the PI/PD controller, FLC with a closed-loop mechanism, and gain scheduler. The error signals and control response outputs are analyzed in detail for PI/PD-based FLC’s and compared with conventional PD/PID controllers. The PD-based FLC with the Gain scheduling approach consumes less overshoot time of 74% than the PD-based FLC without gain scheduling approach. The PD-based FLC with the gain scheduling approach produces less error response in terms of 7.9% in integral time absolute error (ITAE), 7.4% in integral absolute error (IAE), and 16% in integral square error (ISE) than PD based FLC without gain scheduling approach.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONVENTIONAL PID CONTROLLER AND FUZZY CONTROLLER WIT...IJITCA Journal
All the real systems exhibits non-linear nature,conventional controllers are not always able to provide good and accurate results. Fuzzy Logic Control is used to obtain better response. A model for simulation is designed and all the assumptions are made before the development of the model. An attempt has been made to analyze the efficiency of a fuzzy controller over a conventional PID controller for a three tank level control system using fuzzification & defuzzification methods and their responses are compared. Analysis is done through computer simulation using Matlab/Simulink toolbox. This study shows that the application of Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) gives the best response with triangular membership function and centroid defuzzification method.
On the fragility of fractional-order PID controllers for FOPDT processesISA Interchange
This paper analyzes the fragility issue of fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative controllers applied to integer first-order plus-dead-time processes. In particular, the effects of the variations of the controller parameters on the achieved control system robustness and performance are investigated. Results show that this kind of controllers is more fragile with respect to the standard proportional-integral-derivative controllers and therefore a significant attention should be paid by the user in their tuning.
DESIGN OF CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR THE LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL (LFC) IN MULTI AR...IAEME Publication
This paper features the Differential Evolution (DE) by controller parameters tuning algorithm
and also an application of a multi source power system to a Load Frequency Control (LFC) by
having several sources of power generation techniques. At first, a single area multi-source power
system using integral controllers for every unit is taken and DE procedure is implemented to attain
the controller parameters. Several mutation procedures of DE are estimated and the control
parameters of DE for best obtained procedure are tuned by implementing numerous runs of
algorithm for every change in parameter. Multi-area multi-source power system is also discussed
and a HDVC link is also taken in accordance with the current AC tie line for the internal
connection between the areas. The two variables of Integrals which are to be enhanced using tuned
DE algorithm are proportional integral and proportional integral derivative.
Comparison of PID Controller with Model Predictive Controller for Milk Pasteu...journalBEEI
Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) controllers are used in many of the Industries for various process control applications. PID controller yields a long settling time and overshoot which is not good for the process control applications. PID is not suitable for many of the complex process control applications. This research paper is about developing a better type of controller, known as MPC (Model Predictive Control). The aim of the paper is to design MPC and PID for a pasteurization process. In this manuscript comparison of PID controller with MPC is made and the responses are presented. MPC is an advanced control strategy that uses the internal dynamic model of the process and a history of past control moves and a combination of many different technologies to predict the future plant output. The dynamics of the pasteurization process was estimated by using system identification from the experimental data. The quality of different model structures was checked using best fit with data validation, residual and stability analysis. Auto-regressive with exogenous input (ARX322) model was chosen as a model structure of the pasteurization process and fits about 80.37% with datavalidation. MPC and PID control strategies were designed using ARX322 model structure. The controller performance was compared based on settling time, percent of overshoot and stability analysis and the results are presented.
Analysis and Modeling of PID and MRAC Controllers for a Quadruple Tank System...dbpublications
Multivariable systems exhibit complex dynamics because of the interactions between input variables and output variables. In this paper an approach to design auto tuned decentralized PI controller using ideal decoupler and adaptive techniques for controlling a class of multivariable process with a transmission zero. By using decoupler, the MIMO system is transformed into two SISO systems. The controller parameters were adjusted using the Model Reference Adaptive reference Control. In recent process industries, PID and MRAC are the two widely accepted control strategies, where PID is used at regulatory level control and MRAC at supervisory level control. In this project, LabVIEW is used to simulate the PID with Decoupler and MRAC separately and analyze their performance based on steady state error tracking and overshoot.
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF TWO CONTROLLERS ON A NONLINEAR SYSTEMijccmsjournal
Various systems and instrumentation use auto tuning techniques in their operations. For example, audio
processors, designed to control pitch in vocal and instrumental operations. The main aim of auto tuning is
to conceal off-key errors, and allowing artists to perform genuinely despite slight deviation off-key. In this
paper two Auto tuning control strategies are proposed. These are Proportional, Integral and Derivative
(PID) control and Model Predictive Control (MPC). The PID and MPC controller’s algorithms
amalgamate the auto tuning method. These control strategies ascertains stability, effective and efficient
performance on a nonlinear system. The paper test and compare the efficacy of each control strategy. This
paper generously provides systematic tuning techniques for the PID controller than the MPC controller.
Therefore in essence the PID has to give effective and efficient performance compared to the MPC. The
PID depends mainly on three terms, the P ( ) gain, I ( ) gain and lastly D ( ) gain for control each
playing unique role while the MPC has more information used to predict and control a system.
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF TWO CONTROLLERS ON A NONLINEAR SYSTEMijccmsjournal
Various systems and instrumentation use auto tuning techniques in their operations. For example, audio processors, designed to control pitch in vocal and instrumental operations. The main aim of auto tuning is to conceal off-key errors, and allowing artists to perform genuinely despite slight deviation off-key. In this paper two Auto tuning control strategies are proposed. These are Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) control and Model Predictive Control (MPC). The PID and MPC controller’s algorithms amalgamate the auto tuning method. These control strategies ascertains stability, effective and efficient performance on a nonlinear system. The paper test and compare the efficacy of each control strategy. This paper generously provides systematic tuning techniques for the PID controller than the MPC controller. Therefore in essence the PID has to give effective and efficient performance compared to the MPC. The PID depends mainly on three terms, the P () gain, I ( ) gain and lastly D () gain for control each playing unique role while the MPC has more information used to predict and control a system.
Tuning a complex multi-loop PID based control system requires considerable experience. In today's power industry the number of available qualified tuners is dwindling and there is a great need for better tuning tools to maintain and improve the performance of complex multivariable processes. Multi-loop PID tuning is the procedure for the online tuning of a cluster of PID controllers operating in a closed loop with a multivariable process. This paper presents the first application of the simultaneous tuning technique to the multi-input–multi-output (MIMO) PID based nonlinear controller in the power plant control context, with the closed-loop system consisting of a MIMO nonlinear boiler/turbine model and a nonlinear cluster of six PID-type controllers. Although simplified, the dynamics and cross-coupling of the process and the PID cluster are similar to those used in a real power plant. The particular technique selected, iterative feedback tuning (IFT), utilizes the linearized version of the PID cluster for signal conditioning, but the data collection and tuning is carried out on the full nonlinear closed-loop system. Based on the figure of merit for the control system performance, the IFT is shown to deliver performance favorably comparable to that attained through the empirical tuning carried out by an experienced control engineer.
Robustness enhancement study of augmented positive identification controller ...IAESIJAI
The dissolved oxygen concentration in the wastewater treatment process
(WWTP) must remain in a specific range while the factory operates. The
augmented positive identification (PID) controller with a nonlinear element
(sigmoid function) is proposed to assure stability and reduce uncertainties in
the wastewater direct reuse/recycling model. The nonlinear controller gains
(PID controller with sigmoid function) for uncertain wastewater treatment
processes are tuned using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique.
The proposed robust method for controlling wastewater treatment processes
has good robustness during model mismatching, reduces treatment time
compared to traditional positive identification (PID) controllers tuned by
PSO, is easy to apply, and has good performance, according to simulation
results.
8th International Conference of Information Technology, Control and Automatio...ijics
8th International Conference of Information Technology, Control and Automation (ITCA 2020) will provide an excellent international forum which contributes new results in all areas of Information Technology (IT), Control Systems and Automation Engineering. The conference focuses on all technical and practical aspects of IT, Control Systems and Automation with applications in real-world engineering and scientific problems. The goal of this conference is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on information technology, control engineering, automation, modeling concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS)ijics
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS) is a Quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced instrumentation engineering, control systems and automation concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the Instrumentation Engineering.
8th International Conference of Information Technology, Control and Automatio...ijics
8th International Conference of Information Technology, Control and Automation (ITCA 2020) will provide an excellent international forum which contributes new results in all areas of Information Technology (IT), Control Systems and Automation Engineering. The conference focuses on all technical and practical aspects of IT, Control Systems and Automation with applications in real-world engineering and scientific problems. The goal of this conference is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on information technology, control engineering, automation, modeling concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
An angular momentum spinner includes two or more rotating arms loaded with an adjustable sliding block
for each arm and laid symmetrically about a rotating center. Each sliding block is controlled to move
along the corresponding rotating arm. Such a spinner can display the conservation of angular momentum
vividly and intuitively, and can also serve as an amusing toy for children. The spinner can be used as a
teaching equipment to demonstrate the theorem of angular momentum conveniently, intuitively and
amusingly.
A STUDY ON APPLICATION OF BAYES’ THEOREM IN APPIN TECHNOLOGYijics
Mathematics is the only word that conquers the whole world. Mathematics comprises each and every concept that exists in this world. Statistics and probability are the two main concepts that are dealing with the statistical survey of this world. Of these two concepts, Probability has one of the Main applications of dealing with mathematics that is very much useful in real life applications. In this paper, Bayes’ Theorem and its applications are discussed deeply with its application problems using the data which was collected for the company named Appin Technology during the industrial exposure training. This application helped me to give some useful ideas to the company to improve their production level.
8th International Conference of Information Technology, Control and Automatio...ijics
8th International Conference of Information Technology, Control and Automation (ITCA 2020) will provide an excellent international forum which contributes new results in all areas of Information Technology (IT), Control Systems and Automation Engineering. The conference focuses on all technical and practical aspects of IT, Control Systems and Automation with applications in real-world engineering and scientific problems. The goal of this conference is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on information technology, control engineering, automation, modeling concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS)ijics
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS) is a Quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced instrumentation engineering, control systems and automation concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the Instrumentation Engineering.
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS)ijics
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS) is a Quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced instrumentation engineering, control systems and automation concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the Instrumentation Engineering.
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS)ijics
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS) is a Quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced instrumentation engineering, control systems and automation concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the Instrumentation Engineering.
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS)ijics
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS) is a Quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced instrumentation engineering, control systems and automation concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the Instrumentation Engineering.
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS)ijics
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS) is a Quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced instrumentation engineering, control systems and automation concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the Instrumentation Engineering.
5th International Conference on Networks, Communications, Wireless and Mobile Computing (NCWMC 2020) looks for significant contributions to the Computer Networks, Communications, wireless and mobile computing for wired and wireless networks in theoretical and practical aspects. Original papers are invited on computer Networks, network protocols and wireless networks, Data communication Technologies, network security and mobile computing. The goal of this Conference is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced networking concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS)ijics
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS) is a Quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced instrumentation engineering, control systems and automation concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the Instrumentation Engineering.
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS)ijics
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS) is a Quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced instrumentation engineering, control systems and automation concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the Instrumentation Engineering.
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS)ijics
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS) is a Quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced instrumentation engineering, control systems and automation concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the Instrumentation Engineering.
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS)ijics
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS)
ISSN : 2249 - 1147 [Online]; 2319 - 412X [Print]
http://airccse.org/journal/IJICS/ijics.html
Call For Papers
Important Dates
· Submission Deadline : January 11, 2020
· Acceptance Notification : February 11, 2020
· Final Manuscript Due : February 19, 2020
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS)ijics
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS) is a Quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced instrumentation engineering, control systems and automation concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the Instrumentation Engineering.
A STUDY ON APPLICATION OF BAYES’ THEOREM IN APPIN TECHNOLOGYijics
Mathematics is the only word that conquers the whole world. Mathematics comprises each and every concept that exists in this world. Statistics and probability are the two main concepts that are dealing with the statistical survey of this world. Of these two concepts, Probability has one of the Main applications of
dealing with mathematics that is very much useful in real life applications. In this paper, Bayes’ Theorem and its applications are discussed deeply with its application problems using the data which was collected for the company named Appin Technology during the industrial exposure training. This application helped me to give some useful ideas to the company to improve their production level.
An angular momentum spinner includes two or more rotating arms loaded with an adjustable sliding block for each arm and laid symmetrically about a rotating center. Each sliding block is controlled to move along the corresponding rotating arm. Such a spinner can display the conservation of angular momentum vividly and intuitively, and can also serve as an amusing toy for children. The spinner can be used as a teaching equipment to demonstrate the theorem of angular momentum conveniently, intuitively and amusingly.
Integrating Fault Tolerant Scheme With Feedback Control Scheduling Algorithm ...ijics
In order to provide Quality of Service (QoS) in open and unpredictable environment, Feedback based
Control Scheduling Algorithm (FCSA) is designed to keep the processor utilization at the scheduling
utilization bound. FCSA controls CPU utilization by assigning task periods that optimize overall control
performance, meeting deadlines even if the task execution time is unpredictable and through performance
control feedback loop.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Mission to Decommission: Importance of Decommissioning Products to Increase E...
DESIGN OF PID CONTROLLERS INTEGRATOR SYSTEM WITH TIME DELAY AND DOUBLE INTEGRATING PROCESSES
1. International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS) Vol.7, No.3, July 2017
DOI : 10.5121/ijics.2017.7301 1
DESIGN OF PID CONTROLLERS INTEGRATOR
SYSTEM WITH TIME DELAY AND DOUBLE
INTEGRATING PROCESSES
B.S.Patil1
, L.M.Waghmare2
, M.D.Uplane3
1
Ph.D.Student, Instrumentation Department,
AISSMS’S Polytechnic, Pune, Maharashtra, India
2
Guide, Instrumentation Department, Shri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute of Engineering
& Technology, Vishnupuri, Nanded, Maharashtra, India.
3
Co-guide, Instrumentation Science Department,
Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
ABSTRACT
In this paper first we investigate optimal PID control of a double integrating plus delay process and
compare with the SIMC rules. What makes the double integrating process special is that derivative action
is actually necessary for stabilization. In control, there is generally a trade-off between performance and
robustness, so there does not exist a single optimal controller. However, for a given robustness level (here
defined in terms of the Ms-value) we can find the optimal controller which minimizes the performance J
(here defined as the integrated absolute error (IAE)-value for disturbances). Interestingly, the SIMC PID
controller is almost identical to the optimal pid controller. This can be seen by comparing the pareto-
optimal curve for J as a function of Ms, with the curve found by varying the SIMC tuning parameter Tc.
Second, design of Proportional Integral and Derivative (PID) controllers based on internal model control
(IMC) principles, direct synthesis method (DS), stability analysis (SA) method for pure integrating process
with time delay is proposed. The performances of the proposed controllers are compared with the
controllers designed by recently reported methods. The robustness of the proposed controllers for the
uncertainty in model parameters is evaluated considering one parameter at a time using Kharitonov’s
theorem. The proposed controllers are applied to various transfer function models and to non linear model
of isothermal continuous copolymerization of styrene-acrylonitrile in CSTR. An experimental set up of tank
with the outlet connected to a pump is considered for implementation of the PID controllers designed by
the three proposed methods to show the effectiveness of the methods.
KEYWORDS
PID control, optimization, double integrating plus time delay, SIMC rules, integrating systems, internal
model controller, stability analysis, direct synthesis method, robustness, Kharitonov’s theorem, level
control in cylindrical tank.
1. INTRODUCTION
A simple IMC-PID controller design technique is proposed on the basis of the IMC principle for
two representative integrating processes with time delay. Further, it is extended to integrating
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processes with negative and positive zero as well. The proposed PID controller design method is
mainly focused on the disturbance rejection, which causes the overshoot in the set-point response,
and a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) control structure is used to eliminate this overshoot. The
simulation results show the superiority of the proposed tuning rule over other existing methods,
when the controller is tuned to have the same robustness level by evaluating the peak of the
maximum sensitivity (Ms). The closed loop time constant (λ) has only one user-defined tuning
parameter in the proposed method. A guideline is suggested for the selection of λ for different
robustness levels by evaluating the value of Ms Over a wide range of θ/τ ratios
Integrating systems with time delay are found in the modeling of liquid level systems, liquid
storage tanks, boilers, batch chemical reactors and the bottom level control of a distillation
column [1]. Chien and Freuhauf [1] have suggested that many chemical processes can be
modeled for the purpose of designing controllers by a transfer function Fuentes and Luyben [2]
have reported that the composition control loop of a high purity distillation column has a large
time constant and hence, the response resembles that of a pure integrator plus dead time model.
An isothermal continuous copolymerization reactor can be modeled as an integrating system with
dead time [3]. The model contains only two parameters ( k and L p ) and the model is very simple
for identification. The model is able to adequately represent the dynamics of many systems over
the frequency range of interest for the PID controller design. In industries 95% of the controllers
are of PID type [4, 5].
Many units used in the chemical process industry, such as heat-ing boilers, batch chemical
reactors, liquid storage tanks or liquid level systems, are integrating processes in which the
dynamic response is very slow with a large dominant time constant. Due to transportation delays
in the recycle loops and composition analysis loops etc., a time delay exists in the majority of
processes used in the process industries. In process control, the majority of the control loops are
of the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) type at the regulatory level. The main reason for this
is their relatively simple structure, which can be readily understood and allows them to be easily
implemented in practice. Finding design methods that lead to the optimal operation of the PID
controllers is therefore of significant interest. Integrating processes or first order systems with an
integrator (with/without zero) are frequently encountered in the process industries. For first order
systems with an integrator and with/without zero, if the zero is positive, the system exhibits an
inverse response; if the zero is negative, then the system shows large overshoot in the response.
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 PID controller design for integrating processes with time delay. (2008)
Authors: Shamsuzzoha, Md. and Lee, M.
Description: In this paper, design of Proportional Integral and Derivative (PID) controllers based
on internal model control (IMC) principles, direct synthesis method (DS), stability analysis (SA)
method for pure integrating process with time delay is proposed. The performances of the
proposed controllers are compared with the controllers designed by recently reported methods.
The robustness of the proposed controllers for the uncertainty in model parameters is evaluated
considering one parameter at a time using Kharitonov’s theorem. The proposed controllers are
applied to various transfer function models and to non linear model of isothermal continuous
copolymerization of styrene-acrylonitrile in CSTR. An experimental set up of tank with the outlet
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connected to a pump is considered for implementation of the PID controllers designed by the
three proposed methods to show the effectiveness of the methods.
2.2 Optimal PI-control and verification of the SIMC tuning rule. (2012)
Authors: Grimholt, C. and Skogestad, S.
Description: Optimal PI-settings are derived for first-order with delay processes for specified
levels of robustness (Ms-value) and compared with the simple SIMC-rule. Optimality
(performance) is defined in terms of the integrated absolute error (IAE) of the output for
combined step changes in set-points and input disturbances. With SIMC, the robustness level is
adjusted by changing the tuning parameter τc, and the SIMC-rule was found to give surprisingly
good setting with almost Pareto-optimal performance. The exception is a pure time delay
processes where the SIMC-rule gives a pure integral controller with somewhat sluggish response.
A simple modification to improve on this is to increase the time constant in the rule by one third
of the time delay.
2.3 Identification and Tuning of Integrating Processes with Dead time and Inverse
Response.
Author- William L. Luyben.
Description: The classical example of an integrating method with inverse reply is level control of
a boiler steam drum. The “boiler swell” difficulty can lead to a transfer function between the
drum level and boiler feed water flow rate that contains a clean integrator and a positive zero, in
addition to some dead time and lags. A procedure for identify the transfer-function parameters for
this type of structure from step response data. A proportional integral controller tuning process is
also presented. Because the process contains an integrator and the proportional-integral controller
also contains an integrator, manager tuning is somewhat complex.
2.4 Design of PID Controllers for Improved Performance of Higher Order Systems.
Author- L. M. Waghmare G. M. Malwatkar.
Description: Frequency reply based design method of PID controller is proposed for higher order
(HO)/-plus delay point in time (HOPDT) systems. The HO/-PDT models are converted into real
and unreal part at a incidence where a criteria similar to amplitude and phase margin is utilized to
get the constraints on the parameter of the controllers. To discard sound and load disturbances,
the constraint given by sensitivity and complementary sensitivity function are also considered.
The proposed method has larger features for systems with high order, time delays and monotonic
or oscillatory responses.
2.5 On Tuning PI Controllers for Integrating Plus Time Delay Systems. (2010)
Authors: Di Ruscio, D.
Description: This paper is concerned about PI controller tuning based on integrator plus time
delay models. Integrator plus time delay processes and close to integrator plus time delay systems
are common and important processes in industry. Examples of integrating plus time delay
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processes are level systems, pulp and paper plants, oil-water-gas separators in oil industry, and all
time constant lag dominant processes which may be approximated with an integrator plus time
delay process.
3. PROPOSED SYSTEM
In this system, design of Proportional Integral and Derivative (PID) controllers based on internal
model control (IMC) principles, direct synthesis method (DS), stability analysis (SA) method for
pure integrating process with time delay is proposed. The performances of the proposed
controllers are compared with the controllers designed by recently reported methods. The
robustness of the proposed controllers for the uncertainty in model parameters is evaluated
considering one parameter at a time using Kharitonov’s theorem. The proposed controllers are
applied to various transfer function models and to non linear model of isothermal continuous
copolymerization of styrene-acrylonitrile in CSTR. An experimental set up of tank with the outlet
connected to a pump is considered for implementation of the PID controllers designed by the
three proposed methods to show the effectiveness of the methods also in this system we are using
ultrasonic sensor to sense the water level that sensor is connected to the ardino uno which take
signal process it give signal to relay according to signal water motor gets on.
Motivation:
The ubiquitous PID controller has continued to be the most usually used process control
technique for many decades. Although advanced control techniques such as model
predictive control can supply significant improvements, a PID controller that is properly
designed and tune has proved to be suitable for the vast majority of industrial control
loops.
The enormous literature on PID controllers includes a wide selection of design and tuning
methods based on different performance criteria Incorporating systems with time
suspension are create in the model of liquid level system, liquid storage tank, boilers,
batch chemical reactors and the bottom level manage of a distillation column.
4. METHODS IN PROPOSED SYSTEM
The present work is intended to design PID controllers for pure integrating systems with time
delay using three methods (i) IMC method (ii) direct synthesis method and (iii) stability analysis
method.
1. IMC Method
A well-known control system design strategy, internal model control (IMC) was developed by
Morari and co-workers20 and is closely related to the direct synthesis approach. Like the DS
method, the IMC method is based on an assumed process model and relates the controller settings
to the model parameters in a straightforward manner. The IMC approach has the advantages that
it makes the consideration of model uncertainty and the making of tradeoffs between control
system performance and robustness easier.
The process transfer function is given by
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(1)
Using Pade’s approximation for time delay, Eq (1) is rewritten as
(2)
IMC controller for the above system consists of two parts. First part is the inverse of the stable
portion of the process and second part is IMC filter. The numerator order of the IMC filter is
equal to the number of unstable poles.
Direct Synthesis Method
In general, both the direct synthesis and IMC methods do not necessarily result in PI/PID
controllers. However, by choosing the appropriate desired closed-loop response and using either a
Pade´ approximation or a power-series approximation for the time delay, PI/PID controllers can
be derived for process models that are commonly used
in industrial applications.
The process transfer function is given by Eq (1). The controller transfer function is taken as
Stability Analysis Method
Generally we will deal with a semi discrete model: discrete in space and continuous in time. In
the time domain the model is given by ordinary differential equations (ODE) in time.
Amplification Methods. Also called von Neumann stability analysis. Based on decomposition of
motion into normal modes, often using Fourier analysis, and superposition. The analysis looks at
the growth or decay of perturbations from one step to the next, and can be implemented using
standard linear algebra procedures. It is local in nature, but so is the concept of stability. Amore
severe restriction is that it strictly applies only to linear systems. Despite this limitation it is
frequently applied to nonlinear systems through linearization. Energy Methods. Also known,
notably in control theory, as Lyapunov methods. These look at the variation of certain function
(or functional) measures of the motion amplitude. Often these are related to energy measures of
various kinds, hence the name. Energy methods are not restricted to linear systems, but require
the construction of suitable measures, and this has to be done case by case.
The process transfer function for pure integrator with time delay is given by equation Eq (1). The
phase angle criterion for pure integrator with time delay is given by
(3)
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Kharitonov’s Theorem:
The stability regions of the model parameters for the PID controller designed are calculated by
Kharitonov’s theorem considering uncertainty in one parameter at a time. Kharitonov's theorem is
a result used in control theory to assess the stability of a dynamical system when the physical
parameters of the system are not known precisely. When the coefficients of the characteristic
polynomial are known, the Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion can be used to check if the system is
stable (i.e. if all roots have negative real parts). Kharitonov's theorem can be used in the case
where the coefficients are only known to be within specified ranges. It provides a test of stability
for a so-called interval polynomial, while Routh-Hurwitz is concerned with an ordinary
polynomial.
An interval polynomial is the family of all polynomials
where each coefficient can take any
value in the specified intervals It is also assumed that the leading coefficient
cannot be zero: .
An interval polynomial is stable (i.e. all members of the family are stable) if and only if the four
so-called Kharitonov polynomials are stable.
What is somewhat surprising about Kharitonov's result is that although in principle we are testing
an infinite number of polynomials for stability, in fact we need to test only four. This we can do
using Routh-Hurwitz or any other method. So it only takes four times more work to be informed
about the stability of an interval polynomial than it takes to test one ordinary polynomial for
stability.
Kharitonov's theorem is useful in the field of robust control, which seeks to design systems that
will work well despite uncertainties in component behavior due to measurement errors, changes
in operating conditions, equipment wear and so on.
5. CONCLUSION
In this paper we have derived optimal PID controller with time delay settings for a double
integrating the process and compared the performance versus robustness trade-off with that
obtained when varying the tuning parameter Tc for the SIMC-controller in (3). As seen from
Figure 4, the SIMC controller has almost identical performance with the optimal, in particular for
more robust designs (with lower value of Ms). This means that the simple SIMC PID tuning rules
given in (3) are essentially the optimal. This is quite surprising, because the double integrating
SIMC rules were originally derived in a fairly ad hoc manner, aiming more towards simplicity
than optimality. Comparing the performance of the SIMC-rule with the optimal for a given
robustness (Ms Value) shows that the SIMC-rule give settings close to the Pareto-optimal. This
means that the room for improving the SIMC PI-rule is limited, at least for the first-order plus
delay processes considered in this paper, and with a good trade-off between rejecting input and
output (set-point) disturbances. In this article, also we discussed an IMC-based PID controller
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design method for several types of integrating process with time delay. Several important
representative processes were considered in the simulation study, in order to demonstrate the
superiority of the pro- posed method. The design method was based on the disturbance rejection
and a setpoint filter was suggested to eliminate the over-shoo in the set-point response.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would prefer to give thanks the researchers likewise publishers for creating their resources
available. Additionally, I appreciative to commentator for their vital recommendations moreover I
am conjointly grateful to reviewer for their valuable suggestions and also thank the college
authorities for providing the required infrastructure and support.
REFERENCES
[1] Shamsuzzoha, Md. and Lee, M. 2008. PID controller design for integrating processes with time delay.
Kor J Chem Eng, 25, 4: 637-645.
[2] Grimholt, C. and Skogestad, S. (2012). Optimal PI-control and verification of the SIMC tuning rule.
In IFAC conference on Advances in PID controls (PID'12). The International Federation of
Automatic Control.
[3] William L. Luyben.2009. Identification and Tuning of Integrating Processes with Dead time and
Inverse Response.
[4] L. M. Waghmare G. M. Malwatkar. Design of PID Controllers for Improved Performance of Higher
Order Systems.
[5] Di Ruscio, D. (2010). On Tuning PI Controllers for Integrating Plus Time Delay Systems. Modelling,
Identification and Control 31(4), 145-164.
AUTHOR
Mr. B. S. Patil, Ph. D. Student, Instrumentation Department, AISSMS’S Polytechnic, Pune, Maharashtra