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Design of earth-retaining structures - Lecture 7
- 1. QUT ENB485 Earth-retaining Structures May 2016 The Design of Earth-retaining Structures ENB485 Chris Bridges The Design of Earth-retaining Structures ENB485 Chris Bridges Lecture 7 Design of Earth-retaining Structures Embedded Walls The Design of Earth-retaining Structures ENB485 Chris Bridges May 2016
- 2. 20 Embedded retaining walls & excavations
- 4. Secant Pile Wall May 2016 ENB485 4
- 5. Contiguous Bored Pile Wall May 2016 ENB485 5
- 6. Diaphragm Walling - Guide Wall May 2016 ENB485 6
- 9. Place Reinforcement Cage May 2016 ENB485 9
- 11. Remove Stop End and Move onto next panel May 2016 ENB485 11
- 12. Alternative wall construction Cuts into adjacent panels May 2016 ENB485 12
- 13. Sheet Pile Walls May 2016 ENB485 13
- 15. Australian Sheet Pile Types (PU/AU and AZ profiles) U Profile May 2016 ENB485 15
- 16. Australian Sheet Pile Types (PU/AU and AZ profiles) Z Profile May 2016 ENB485 16
- 18. Sheet Pile Driveability May 2016 ENB485 18
- 19. Sheet Pile Driveability May 2016 ENB485 19
- 20. Sheet piles on rock BS EN 12063:1999 May 2016 ENB485 20
- 21. Kedron Brook Cut-and-cover Structure 21May 2016 ENB485
- 22. Kedron Brook Cut-and-cover Structure March 2010 22May 2016 ENB485
- 23. Kedron Brook Cut-and-cover Structure Construction Sequence 23May 2016 ENB485
- 24. Kedron Brook Cut-and-cover Structure Construction Sequence 24May 2016 ENB485
- 25. Kedron Brook Cut-and-cover Structure Construction Sequence 25May 2016 ENB485
- 29. Free-earth support method – Propped wall Insufficient wall embedment to prevent rotation at toe of wall – however wall still in equilibrium (must check toe kick-out) May 2016 ENB485 29
- 30. Fixed-earth support method – propped wall Embedment increased to prevent rotation at toe of wall – creating large reaction at wall toe May 2016 ENB485 30
- 31. Fixed-earth support method – cantilever wall (Recommended design approach for cantilever walls) Take moments about “0” May 2016 ENB485 31
- 32. Ground Anchors Bar Anchors May 2016 ENB485 32
- 33. Ground Anchors Strand Anchors May 2016 ENB485 33
- 37. Fixed & Free Lengths May 2016 ENB485 37
- 38. Ground Anchors (Appendix B – AS4678) Tendon tensile capacity: T = Fk Fn Ft fp Ap (kN) where: Fk = Importance category reduction factor (Table B1); Fn = Structure classification design factor (Table 5.2); Ft = Tendon reduction factor (Table B2); fp = Tensile strength of tendon (kN/m2); Ap = Cross sectional area of tendon (m2). May 2016 ENB485 38
- 39. Design pull-out capacity: T* = Fn .Fb ..D.Lf .u Where: . Fn = Structure classification design factor (Table 5.2); Fb = Bond reduction factor (Table B2); D = Diameter of grout hole (m); Lf = Fixed length (m); u = ultimate grout/ground resistance (bond stress) (kPa) AS 4678 – 2002 Earth-retaining Structures – Training Presentation Ground Anchors (Appendix B – AS4678) May 2016 ENB485 39
- 43. Deadman Anchor – if at “b-e-d” on previous slide May 2016 ENB485 43
- 44. Deadman Anchor – if at “b-e-d” on previous slide May 2016 ENB485 44
- 46. Struts – apparent earth pressure May 2016 ENB485 46
- 50. 20a Embedded retaining walls in tunnelling / excavations
- 72. Ground Movement The lateral yielding of walls will generally induce ground settlement, dV, around a braced cut May 2016 ENB485 72
- 74. Ground movement – Design and Construction Issues - Soft Clay Base stability Use of props Embedment of wall Vibrations due to installation Settlement due to groundwater changes/lowering
- 75. Ground movement – Design and construction Issues – Generally specific to sands Settlement due to vibration Water seepage causing local water table drawdown and loss of fines Embedment Changes in water content leading to movement
- 76. BH BH 30 40 50 Dwall BH ~ 240 m Fill E Upper Marine Clay E Lower Marine Clay F2 OA OA Sand with gravel OA Clay with gravel Sand with gravel Fill Upper Marine Clay F1 F2 Lower Marine Clay OA Sand with gravel OA Clay Fill F1 Upper Marine Clay E Lower Marine Clay OA Sand with gravel OA Clay GL 10 20 JGP Stress relief WATER DRAWDOWN
- 77. Groundwater Control Water pressures likely to cause base failure
- 78. Groundwater Control Drawdown extending beyond site
- 79. BH BH 30 40 50 Dwall BH ~ 240 m Fill E Upper Marine Clay E Lower Marine Clay F2 OA OA Sand with gravel OA Clay with gravel Sand with gravel Fill Upper Marine Clay F1 F2 Lower Marine Clay OA Sand with gravel OA Clay Fill F1 Upper Marine Clay E Lower Marine Clay OA Sand with gravel OA Clay GL 10 20 JGP Stress relief WATER DRAWDOWN
- 80. GL BH 2060 BH 1028 10 20 30 40 50 Dwall Beach Road JGP BH 62 ~ 240 m Fill E Upper Marine Clay E Lower Marine Clay F2 OA OA Sand with gravel OA Clay with gravel Sand with gravel Fill Upper Marine Clay F1 F2 Lower Marine Clay OA Sand with gravel OA Clay Fill F1 Upper Marine Clay E Lower Marine Clay OA Sand with gravel OA Clay Recharged Well
- 84. Kallang Formation = soft clays, loose sands May 2016 ENB485 84
- 85. Ground Monitoring - Inclinometers May 2016 ENB485 85
- 86. Ref.: Geoguide 1 Pile wall drainage May 2016 ENB485 86
- 87. Strip Drains between Piles
- 88. Wall Drainage