Desertification
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Desertification is one of the most leading problems of the world. In this presentation, I have presented what actually desertification is, its reasons, and measures to prevent it.
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How Does Desertification Effect Africa
Desertification is a major threat in Africa, particularly in the Sahel region just below the Sahara desert. It occurs when dryland areas are degraded due to factors like overgrazing, drought, and harmful agricultural practices. This causes a reduction in vegetation which can lead to increased desertification. As the land becomes desert and less fertile, it affects local populations through issues like migration, poverty, lack of food, and higher death rates. The Sahara desert is expanding southward by around 30 miles per year, worsening the problem. Unless patterns of degradation are reversed, Africa may only be able to feed 25% of its population by 2025 due to the impacts of desertification.
Food, Glorious Food!
The document discusses the environmental, economic, social, and political consequences of food production. Environmentally, increased population can lead to desertification through overcultivation, overgrazing, and depletion of groundwater stores. Desertification occurs as productive land turns to desert due to soil erosion and loss of vegetation from these practices. Monocultures from intensive farming also reduce biodiversity and rely on fertilizers and pesticides.
What is desertification
Desertification is the process by which fertile land becomes desert due to drought, deforestation or inappropriate agriculture. It can be controlled by stopping deforestation, planting new trees and using irrigation. Desertification affects plants and animals by depriving them of water and food. It can be prevented by conservation efforts like reforestation and establishing protected areas.
Desertification In The Sahel
The document discusses drought and desertification in the Sahel region of Africa. Drought has plagued the Sahel for five years, causing over 100,000 human deaths and 12 million cattle deaths. Land use practices, rather than drought, are the main problem. Desertification is the process by which deserts spread into surrounding semi-arid areas. Factors like population increase, cattle grazing, deforestation, and soil erosion from wind have contributed to desertification in the Sahel region.
Desertification
Desertification occurs where semi-arid lands bordering deserts lose vegetation and soil fertility due to drought and human activities. The Sahel region in Africa is highly vulnerable to desertification due to its semi-arid climate and experienced periods of drought in the 1970s that caused widespread impacts. Desertification results from both physical processes like soil erosion from wind and water after vegetation dies as well as human factors such as overgrazing, deforestation, and unsustainable agriculture that degrade the soil.
Desertification
Desertification occurs when land becomes desert-like due to climate change or human activity. The Sahel region south of the Sahara desert is very vulnerable to desertification. In the 1950s-60s, above average rainfall allowed for increased agriculture, but droughts in the 1970s caused widespread crop and livestock losses. Desertification results from both physical factors like reduced vegetation and soil exposure to the elements, as well as human causes such as overgrazing, deforestation, and unsustainable farming practices. Successful tactics for reducing desertification include planting trees, terracing, and using magic stones to retain water and nutrients in the soil.
Soil erosion
Soil erosion is one of the most critical environmental problems worldwide. It is caused by both physical phenomena like rainfall and wind as well as human activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, and overcropping. This leads to the deterioration of agricultural land and increases issues like flooding, reduced water supply, and siltation of reservoirs. It can also damage buildings, roads and public works while depleting wildlife. Logging, farming, cattle ranching, and other activities can accelerate soil erosion when not carried out sustainably.
VERIOUS RESOURCES
This PPT prepared by Teacher Educator from Thiagarajar College of Preceptors Madurai for B.Ed Trainees.
Recommended
How Does Desertification Effect Africa
Desertification is a major threat in Africa, particularly in the Sahel region just below the Sahara desert. It occurs when dryland areas are degraded due to factors like overgrazing, drought, and harmful agricultural practices. This causes a reduction in vegetation which can lead to increased desertification. As the land becomes desert and less fertile, it affects local populations through issues like migration, poverty, lack of food, and higher death rates. The Sahara desert is expanding southward by around 30 miles per year, worsening the problem. Unless patterns of degradation are reversed, Africa may only be able to feed 25% of its population by 2025 due to the impacts of desertification.
Food, Glorious Food!
The document discusses the environmental, economic, social, and political consequences of food production. Environmentally, increased population can lead to desertification through overcultivation, overgrazing, and depletion of groundwater stores. Desertification occurs as productive land turns to desert due to soil erosion and loss of vegetation from these practices. Monocultures from intensive farming also reduce biodiversity and rely on fertilizers and pesticides.
What is desertification
Desertification is the process by which fertile land becomes desert due to drought, deforestation or inappropriate agriculture. It can be controlled by stopping deforestation, planting new trees and using irrigation. Desertification affects plants and animals by depriving them of water and food. It can be prevented by conservation efforts like reforestation and establishing protected areas.
Desertification In The Sahel
The document discusses drought and desertification in the Sahel region of Africa. Drought has plagued the Sahel for five years, causing over 100,000 human deaths and 12 million cattle deaths. Land use practices, rather than drought, are the main problem. Desertification is the process by which deserts spread into surrounding semi-arid areas. Factors like population increase, cattle grazing, deforestation, and soil erosion from wind have contributed to desertification in the Sahel region.
Desertification
Desertification occurs where semi-arid lands bordering deserts lose vegetation and soil fertility due to drought and human activities. The Sahel region in Africa is highly vulnerable to desertification due to its semi-arid climate and experienced periods of drought in the 1970s that caused widespread impacts. Desertification results from both physical processes like soil erosion from wind and water after vegetation dies as well as human factors such as overgrazing, deforestation, and unsustainable agriculture that degrade the soil.
Desertification
Desertification occurs when land becomes desert-like due to climate change or human activity. The Sahel region south of the Sahara desert is very vulnerable to desertification. In the 1950s-60s, above average rainfall allowed for increased agriculture, but droughts in the 1970s caused widespread crop and livestock losses. Desertification results from both physical factors like reduced vegetation and soil exposure to the elements, as well as human causes such as overgrazing, deforestation, and unsustainable farming practices. Successful tactics for reducing desertification include planting trees, terracing, and using magic stones to retain water and nutrients in the soil.
Soil erosion
Soil erosion is one of the most critical environmental problems worldwide. It is caused by both physical phenomena like rainfall and wind as well as human activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, and overcropping. This leads to the deterioration of agricultural land and increases issues like flooding, reduced water supply, and siltation of reservoirs. It can also damage buildings, roads and public works while depleting wildlife. Logging, farming, cattle ranching, and other activities can accelerate soil erosion when not carried out sustainably.
VERIOUS RESOURCES
This PPT prepared by Teacher Educator from Thiagarajar College of Preceptors Madurai for B.Ed Trainees.
Sahelcasestudy
Desertification is the process by which fertile land becomes desert. It is affecting parts of Africa, especially the Sahel region. The main causes are human activities like overfarming, overgrazing, and deforestation combined with low rainfall. This degrades the soil so plants cannot grow, leaving the ground unprotected from further erosion by wind and water. As the land becomes desert, it negatively impacts people, wildlife and the economy through famine and forced migration. Efforts to stop desertification include planting trees, terracing land, and building irrigation systems.
Desertification
Desertification is threatening farmers in West Africa as fertile land becomes too dry to support life due to overgrazing, overfarming, and drought. These practices damage the topsoil so it cannot hold nutrients or water. Solutions include stopping overuse of land, new irrigation projects, and planting drought-resistant crops to repair the topsoil. If not addressed, desertification could cause the Sahara Desert to expand further.
Desertification and drought
Desertification is the process by which productive land is turned into desert. It is caused by both climate factors like drought as well as human activities. Prolonged drought since 1968 caused trees and grass to die, leaving the topsoil exposed. This led to increased wind and water erosion of soils. Overgrazing and over-cultivation to increase food production also degraded soils. The loss of vegetation and increased erosion exacerbated desertification. As the process continued, it caused food shortages, malnutrition, disease and migration to cities among affected populations. Solutions proposed to address desertification include controlling population growth, improving farming and grazing methods, enacting legislation to restrict activities causing degradation, and implementing reforestation and water management
Desertification
The document discusses desertification, including its causes and strategies to deal with the problem. Desertification is the process by which land turns to desert, caused by both natural and human factors. Unsustainable human land uses like arable farming, cattle farming, and cash cropping can lead to overgrazing, overcultivation, and soil erosion, turning the land into desert. The Sahel region of Africa is a case study of this issue, as climate change and increased population have exacerbated problems from commercial agriculture and caused desertification. Proposed strategies to address desertification include water conservation techniques, controlled grazing, shelter belts, education, reforestation, and strip farming.
desertification..
Desertification is the degradation of land in dryland areas caused by various factors including climate change and human activities. Nearly half the world's land is drylands, with overgrazing, overcultivation, deforestation, and drought being the main causes of desertification. The removal of vegetation leaves soil exposed to wind and water erosion, reducing soil fertility and agricultural productivity. This in turn can lead to food shortages, malnutrition, and migration from affected areas. Solutions include sustainable land management practices, drought-resistant crops, afforestation programs, and improved access to water resources.
Desertification in the sahel region
The Sahel region of Africa, including Burkina Faso, has experienced regular drought and desertification since the 1980s. This is caused by both natural factors like dry seasons and human activities such as overgrazing, over-cultivation, and deforestation. The resulting desertification leads to crop failure, soil erosion, famine, and increased mortality, especially among vulnerable groups. In Niger in 2004, locust plagues exacerbated food shortages caused by desertification, forcing people to rely on international food aid. Efforts to reduce desertification in Burkina Faso include afforestation, building stone lines, decreasing livestock, and national plans to address climate change impacts, though challenges to implementation remain.
Desertification by Muhammad Fahad Ansari 12IEEM14
Desertification is the process by which productive land becomes desert due to human activity and climate changes. Overgrazing, deforestation, and overcultivation degrade vegetation and soil. About 1 billion people in over 100 countries are directly affected as the desert expands. Controlling desertification requires reducing livestock, replanting vegetation, and sustainable land management practices. Pakistan faces desertification due to low rainfall in many areas as well as human causes like overgrazing, tree cutting, and waterlogging from poor irrigation. Reversing desertification helps prevent economic and social problems from loss of agricultural land.
Land resources
Land is a fundamental resource that provides shelter and food. India has 329 million hectares of land, comprising 13% of the world's total land area and ranking 7th globally in size. However, India's land utilization is not at its optimum potential. Land degradation refers to the deterioration of soil and loss of its productivity and fertility. It is estimated that India loses 6000 million tons of topsoil annually due to factors like erosion from water, wind, and human activities like deforestation, mining, and construction. Soil erosion decreases the nutrients in soil like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, reducing its fertility. Desertification is the process by which fertile land turns into desert due to removal of trees and unsustainable agricultural practices.
DESERT
This PPT prepared by Teacher Educator from Thiagarajar College of Preceptors Madurai for B.Ed Trainees.
desertification
Desertification is the process of fertile land transforming into desert due to factors like climate change, overgrazing, deforestation, and overcultivation. It affects one third of the world's land and millions of people. It degrades soil quality, reduces vegetation and biodiversity, and causes problems like drought, famine and poor water quality. Solutions include sustainable agriculture, controlled grazing, crop rotation, land management practices, and tree planting to reduce erosion and manage dry land resources.
Land resources
Land is one of India's most important natural resources. It supports life and economic activity. India has approximately 1.3 million square miles of land with varied terrain, including plains, mountains, and plateaus. Land is used for agriculture, forests, wastelands, and pastures. While 162 million hectares are under cultivation, land degradation from causes like deforestation, overgrazing, and poor farming practices threatens this valuable resource. Conservation efforts include contour plowing, terracing, afforestation, restricting tree felling and overgrazing, building dams and gully traps, and educating landholders.
Deserts And Desertification The Causes ,Consequences And Challenges
Desertification is the expansion of dry lands due to various human and environmental factors. It is caused by a complex interaction between human activities like overgrazing, deforestation, and climate change and the natural environment. These activities degrade soils, reduce vegetation cover, and disrupt water cycles, promoting the spread of deserts. Desertification is a global problem, prevalent along the margins of arid and semi-arid lands in Africa, Asia, Australia, North America, and South America.
Desertification - Biodiversity & its Conservation
Desertification in biodiversity. Its description, causes, effects, factors, preventions, examples etc. Complete detailed slides on desertification.
5 Presentation1
Derelict land is land that is no longer suitable for its intended use due to natural disasters, improper farming practices, or mining activities. Natural disasters like fires and floods can damage land, while poor farming techniques like excessive crops or plowing can deplete nutrients and cause erosion. Mining also damages land by removing topsoil and vegetation, leaving behind deep holes and toxic waste that contaminate the soil.
Soil degradation and desertification Ashish(2011A22BIV)
This document discusses soil degradation and desertification. It defines soil degradation as the decline in soil quality from improper use, which can include erosion, biological degradation, physical degradation, and chemical degradation. Desertification occurs when degradation becomes so severe that the land is no longer usable. The main causes of desertification are noted as human factors like high population and poor land management practices such as overgrazing, deforestation, and overcropping, as well as climatic changes including reduced rainfall and global warming. The effects of desertification include disrupting the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere - leading to issues like loss of arable land, soil erosion, disruption of water cycles, and loss of biod
Biology - Soil erosion
Soil erosion occurs when soil is blown away by wind or washed away by rain. It is a form of soil degradation that is common in areas with steep slopes, deforestation, drought, overpopulation, or poor farming techniques. Soil erosion can be reduced by terracing hillsides, irrigation, reforestation, fertilization, contour plowing, crop rotation, and maintaining soil humus. Preventing soil erosion is important for developing and developed areas alike.
Shebin sheraf
Desertification is land degradation in dry areas caused by climate variations and human activities like overgrazing, deforestation, and agriculture. It impacts over 35% of the global land area and costs $300-600 billion annually. India has 32.7% of its land affected by desertification processes like soil erosion and loss of vegetation cover. Integrated land and water management, protecting vegetation cover, sustainable grazing/farming, and alternative livelihoods can help prevent further desertification.
02 natural resources
This document discusses natural resources including mineral resources, land resources, and the issues around exploitation and conservation of resources. It provides details on various mineral types found in India including metals and non-metals. Examples are given of bauxite deposits in Kolhapur and the iron ore mine in Karnataka. The negative environmental impacts of resource extraction like deforestation, pollution, and erosion are outlined. Sustainable practices like afforestation and controlling pollution are recommended. The importance of land resources in India is highlighted along with major land use categories and the problem of land degradation.
Land degradation
This document discusses various causes and types of land degradation in Bangladesh. It identifies several human and natural causes, including improper cultivation practices, faulty irrigation, unplanned infrastructure development, urbanization, improper pesticide use, brick kilns, unplanned industrialization, mining, riverbank erosion, flooding, salinity, and biodiversity loss. The types of degraded land are categorized as light, moderate, or highly degraded based on the level of production loss. The document also describes the country's forest and mangrove biodiversity and threats facing different ecosystems.
Ppt on desertification
The document discusses desertification, which is the process of fertile land transforming into desert due to factors like climate change and human activities. Approximately 1/5 of the world's land is threatened by desertification, negatively impacting millions of lives. Major causes include overgrazing, drought, deforestation, urbanization, and excessive farming. Consequences are environmental, economic, and social, including reduced crop yields, hunger, flooding, and biodiversity loss. Solutions proposed are policy changes regarding land use, education, reforestation, sustainable practices, and rehabilitation efforts.
SOIL EROSION AND CONSERVATION Copy.pptx
It is my very fast ppt presentation. I gathered all the information from internet. Hope this will helps you to understand the whole topic in simple manner.
INTRODUCTION TO SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION ENGINEERING
This document provides an introduction to soil and water conservation engineering in India. It discusses the history of soil erosion in India and the problems it causes, such as loss of agricultural productivity and damage to infrastructure. Soil erosion occurs on 147 million hectares in India and costs the country about 68 billion rupees annually. Several research and training centers were established across India to study soil conservation problems and develop solutions for different regions.
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Sahelcasestudy
Desertification is the process by which fertile land becomes desert. It is affecting parts of Africa, especially the Sahel region. The main causes are human activities like overfarming, overgrazing, and deforestation combined with low rainfall. This degrades the soil so plants cannot grow, leaving the ground unprotected from further erosion by wind and water. As the land becomes desert, it negatively impacts people, wildlife and the economy through famine and forced migration. Efforts to stop desertification include planting trees, terracing land, and building irrigation systems.
Desertification
Desertification is threatening farmers in West Africa as fertile land becomes too dry to support life due to overgrazing, overfarming, and drought. These practices damage the topsoil so it cannot hold nutrients or water. Solutions include stopping overuse of land, new irrigation projects, and planting drought-resistant crops to repair the topsoil. If not addressed, desertification could cause the Sahara Desert to expand further.
Desertification and drought
Desertification is the process by which productive land is turned into desert. It is caused by both climate factors like drought as well as human activities. Prolonged drought since 1968 caused trees and grass to die, leaving the topsoil exposed. This led to increased wind and water erosion of soils. Overgrazing and over-cultivation to increase food production also degraded soils. The loss of vegetation and increased erosion exacerbated desertification. As the process continued, it caused food shortages, malnutrition, disease and migration to cities among affected populations. Solutions proposed to address desertification include controlling population growth, improving farming and grazing methods, enacting legislation to restrict activities causing degradation, and implementing reforestation and water management
Desertification
The document discusses desertification, including its causes and strategies to deal with the problem. Desertification is the process by which land turns to desert, caused by both natural and human factors. Unsustainable human land uses like arable farming, cattle farming, and cash cropping can lead to overgrazing, overcultivation, and soil erosion, turning the land into desert. The Sahel region of Africa is a case study of this issue, as climate change and increased population have exacerbated problems from commercial agriculture and caused desertification. Proposed strategies to address desertification include water conservation techniques, controlled grazing, shelter belts, education, reforestation, and strip farming.
desertification..
Desertification is the degradation of land in dryland areas caused by various factors including climate change and human activities. Nearly half the world's land is drylands, with overgrazing, overcultivation, deforestation, and drought being the main causes of desertification. The removal of vegetation leaves soil exposed to wind and water erosion, reducing soil fertility and agricultural productivity. This in turn can lead to food shortages, malnutrition, and migration from affected areas. Solutions include sustainable land management practices, drought-resistant crops, afforestation programs, and improved access to water resources.
Desertification in the sahel region
The Sahel region of Africa, including Burkina Faso, has experienced regular drought and desertification since the 1980s. This is caused by both natural factors like dry seasons and human activities such as overgrazing, over-cultivation, and deforestation. The resulting desertification leads to crop failure, soil erosion, famine, and increased mortality, especially among vulnerable groups. In Niger in 2004, locust plagues exacerbated food shortages caused by desertification, forcing people to rely on international food aid. Efforts to reduce desertification in Burkina Faso include afforestation, building stone lines, decreasing livestock, and national plans to address climate change impacts, though challenges to implementation remain.
Desertification by Muhammad Fahad Ansari 12IEEM14
Desertification is the process by which productive land becomes desert due to human activity and climate changes. Overgrazing, deforestation, and overcultivation degrade vegetation and soil. About 1 billion people in over 100 countries are directly affected as the desert expands. Controlling desertification requires reducing livestock, replanting vegetation, and sustainable land management practices. Pakistan faces desertification due to low rainfall in many areas as well as human causes like overgrazing, tree cutting, and waterlogging from poor irrigation. Reversing desertification helps prevent economic and social problems from loss of agricultural land.
Land resources
Land is a fundamental resource that provides shelter and food. India has 329 million hectares of land, comprising 13% of the world's total land area and ranking 7th globally in size. However, India's land utilization is not at its optimum potential. Land degradation refers to the deterioration of soil and loss of its productivity and fertility. It is estimated that India loses 6000 million tons of topsoil annually due to factors like erosion from water, wind, and human activities like deforestation, mining, and construction. Soil erosion decreases the nutrients in soil like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, reducing its fertility. Desertification is the process by which fertile land turns into desert due to removal of trees and unsustainable agricultural practices.
DESERT
This PPT prepared by Teacher Educator from Thiagarajar College of Preceptors Madurai for B.Ed Trainees.
desertification
Desertification is the process of fertile land transforming into desert due to factors like climate change, overgrazing, deforestation, and overcultivation. It affects one third of the world's land and millions of people. It degrades soil quality, reduces vegetation and biodiversity, and causes problems like drought, famine and poor water quality. Solutions include sustainable agriculture, controlled grazing, crop rotation, land management practices, and tree planting to reduce erosion and manage dry land resources.
Land resources
Land is one of India's most important natural resources. It supports life and economic activity. India has approximately 1.3 million square miles of land with varied terrain, including plains, mountains, and plateaus. Land is used for agriculture, forests, wastelands, and pastures. While 162 million hectares are under cultivation, land degradation from causes like deforestation, overgrazing, and poor farming practices threatens this valuable resource. Conservation efforts include contour plowing, terracing, afforestation, restricting tree felling and overgrazing, building dams and gully traps, and educating landholders.
Deserts And Desertification The Causes ,Consequences And Challenges
Desertification is the expansion of dry lands due to various human and environmental factors. It is caused by a complex interaction between human activities like overgrazing, deforestation, and climate change and the natural environment. These activities degrade soils, reduce vegetation cover, and disrupt water cycles, promoting the spread of deserts. Desertification is a global problem, prevalent along the margins of arid and semi-arid lands in Africa, Asia, Australia, North America, and South America.
Desertification - Biodiversity & its Conservation
Desertification in biodiversity. Its description, causes, effects, factors, preventions, examples etc. Complete detailed slides on desertification.
5 Presentation1
Derelict land is land that is no longer suitable for its intended use due to natural disasters, improper farming practices, or mining activities. Natural disasters like fires and floods can damage land, while poor farming techniques like excessive crops or plowing can deplete nutrients and cause erosion. Mining also damages land by removing topsoil and vegetation, leaving behind deep holes and toxic waste that contaminate the soil.
Soil degradation and desertification Ashish(2011A22BIV)
This document discusses soil degradation and desertification. It defines soil degradation as the decline in soil quality from improper use, which can include erosion, biological degradation, physical degradation, and chemical degradation. Desertification occurs when degradation becomes so severe that the land is no longer usable. The main causes of desertification are noted as human factors like high population and poor land management practices such as overgrazing, deforestation, and overcropping, as well as climatic changes including reduced rainfall and global warming. The effects of desertification include disrupting the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere - leading to issues like loss of arable land, soil erosion, disruption of water cycles, and loss of biod
Biology - Soil erosion
Soil erosion occurs when soil is blown away by wind or washed away by rain. It is a form of soil degradation that is common in areas with steep slopes, deforestation, drought, overpopulation, or poor farming techniques. Soil erosion can be reduced by terracing hillsides, irrigation, reforestation, fertilization, contour plowing, crop rotation, and maintaining soil humus. Preventing soil erosion is important for developing and developed areas alike.
Shebin sheraf
Desertification is land degradation in dry areas caused by climate variations and human activities like overgrazing, deforestation, and agriculture. It impacts over 35% of the global land area and costs $300-600 billion annually. India has 32.7% of its land affected by desertification processes like soil erosion and loss of vegetation cover. Integrated land and water management, protecting vegetation cover, sustainable grazing/farming, and alternative livelihoods can help prevent further desertification.
02 natural resources
This document discusses natural resources including mineral resources, land resources, and the issues around exploitation and conservation of resources. It provides details on various mineral types found in India including metals and non-metals. Examples are given of bauxite deposits in Kolhapur and the iron ore mine in Karnataka. The negative environmental impacts of resource extraction like deforestation, pollution, and erosion are outlined. Sustainable practices like afforestation and controlling pollution are recommended. The importance of land resources in India is highlighted along with major land use categories and the problem of land degradation.
Land degradation
This document discusses various causes and types of land degradation in Bangladesh. It identifies several human and natural causes, including improper cultivation practices, faulty irrigation, unplanned infrastructure development, urbanization, improper pesticide use, brick kilns, unplanned industrialization, mining, riverbank erosion, flooding, salinity, and biodiversity loss. The types of degraded land are categorized as light, moderate, or highly degraded based on the level of production loss. The document also describes the country's forest and mangrove biodiversity and threats facing different ecosystems.
Ppt on desertification
The document discusses desertification, which is the process of fertile land transforming into desert due to factors like climate change and human activities. Approximately 1/5 of the world's land is threatened by desertification, negatively impacting millions of lives. Major causes include overgrazing, drought, deforestation, urbanization, and excessive farming. Consequences are environmental, economic, and social, including reduced crop yields, hunger, flooding, and biodiversity loss. Solutions proposed are policy changes regarding land use, education, reforestation, sustainable practices, and rehabilitation efforts.
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SOIL EROSION AND CONSERVATION Copy.pptx
It is my very fast ppt presentation. I gathered all the information from internet. Hope this will helps you to understand the whole topic in simple manner.
INTRODUCTION TO SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION ENGINEERING
This document provides an introduction to soil and water conservation engineering in India. It discusses the history of soil erosion in India and the problems it causes, such as loss of agricultural productivity and damage to infrastructure. Soil erosion occurs on 147 million hectares in India and costs the country about 68 billion rupees annually. Several research and training centers were established across India to study soil conservation problems and develop solutions for different regions.
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This document discusses various methods for managing desertification and soil erosion in different regions. It describes how farmers in the Sahel region of Africa have successfully reduced desertification by planting trees that stabilize soil and increase moisture retention. It also provides examples from the US and Australia of using controlled livestock grazing to mimic the effects of historical large herbivores in reducing unwanted vegetation and increasing soil organic matter. Afforestation efforts in Niger have enabled farming to resume on lands that had become barren due to overgrazing and deforestation. Managing irrigation and installing check dams in Australian orchards has reduced erosion and improved soil quality and production.
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Land, water, forests, and soil are among India's most important natural resources.
Land resources in India account for approximately 1.3 million square miles and are varied, consisting of 43% plains, 30% mountains, and 27% plateaus. Agriculture is a major use of land resources in India, as India is one of the world's largest producers of many agricultural goods. Soil is another vital resource that requires protection from erosion through practices like maintaining vegetation cover, crop rotation, and terracing. Water is equally essential, being used for agriculture, drinking, washing, transportation, recreation and other purposes. Forests cover around 24% of India's land area and also provide an important natural resource.
Sustainable soil fertility management
Soil fertility is the backbone of agriculture systems and plays a key role in determining food quantity and quality. The intension of soil fertility management is to improve soil buffering capacity and to reduce soil degradation. Soil health is fundamental for a healthy food production. It provides essential nutrients, water, oxygen and support to the roots, all elements that favor the growth and development of plants for food production. Now the Indian population is 1.37 billion (Census India gov.in) Land area availability is 3.287 million km2. Net cultivable area is 143 million ha. Degraded land in India around 141 million ha. Per capita land availability is 0.3 ha per farmer (Indian express Nov 6,2009). Food grain supply 234.0 million tons, food grain demand 236.2 million tones (Praduman Kumar et al.,2016). In the year 2019 Global Hunger Index(GHI), India ranks 102nd out of 117 qualifying countries. With a score of 30.3, India suffers from a level of hunger that is serious (Global Hunger Index Organization). Nearly 1 billion people around the world suffer from hunger. Soil management is important, both directly and indirectly, to crop productivity, environmental sustainability, and human health (Mittal et al., 2008). To achieve future food security, the management of soils in a sustainable manner will be the challenge, through proper nutrient management and appropriate conservation practices. Such as maintain soil organic carbon, effective utilization of natural resources, use of non-monetary input like LEISA etc., will be the better option to fulfils the ever-growing population’s food and nutritional security.
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It covers only about thirty per cent of the total area of the earth’s surface and all parts of this small percentage are not habitable.
The uneven distribution of population in different parts of the world is mainly due to varied characteristics of land and climate.
The rugged topography, steep slopes of the mountains, low-lying areas susceptible to water logging, desert areas, thick forested areas are normally sparsely populated or uninhabited. Plains and river valleys offer suitable land for agriculture. Hence, these are the densely populated areas of the world.
Natural resources management in dryland agriculture and importance of water m...
This PPT aims to provide the information about management of natural resources in dryland agriculture and the importance of water management in crop production.
Natural resources are naturally occurring substances that are considered valuable in their relatively unmodified (natural) form.
Any part of our natural materials that can be utilized to promote welfare, may be regarded as natural resources.
The management of natural resources such as land, water, soil, plants and animals with a particular focus on how management affects the quality of life for both present and future generations.
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR NATURAL RESOURCES:
1. Field survey will enable us to know the kind and amount of available natural resources. For this purpose, GIS, GPS and remote sensing could be used.
2. The available resources should be conserved and utilized efficiently.
3. Technologies used to conserve and utilize natural resources should be eco-friendly, environmentally sound and economically viable.
4. Rainwater harvesting for replenishing groundwater and renovating the traditional sources of rainwater storage.
NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN DRYLAND:
1. sustainable water management: In-situ moisture conservation, Rainwater harvesting.
2. Sustainable soil management: Erosion control, desertification control, soil health maintenance, alternate use of different land.
3. Watershed management
4. Sustainable crop management: Cropping system, nutrient management, irrigation management, weed management.
5. Livestock management
6. Sustainable use of dryland biodiversity: Grassland improvement and management, Dryland trees and management, plants of medicinal and industrial values.
Watershed management
This document outlines the contents and principles of watershed management. It discusses how watershed management aims to improve standards of living by increasing access to resources like water, electricity, and protection from floods. Remote sensing and GIS tools are used to assess watershed characteristics and monitor management practices. Common management practices include vegetative measures, engineering structures, and water conservation projects. Successful watershed management is important for water security and agriculture in water-scarce regions like Rajasthan and Karnataka.
Lecture 1. Introduction of soil & Water Conservation.pdf
This document is a lecture on soil and water conservation given by Prof. A. C. Fartade of the Department of Agricultural Engineering. It discusses the importance of conserving soil and water as natural resources, defines key terms like soil conservation, erosion, and geologic versus accelerated erosion. It also outlines causes of soil erosion like destruction of natural cover and improper land use, and types of erosion such as wind, water, geologic, and accelerated erosion. The document concludes with an assignment asking students to define terms and differentiate between geologic and accelerated erosion.
Soil erosion conservation
A presentation on soil erosion conservation consisting of causes of erosion, need for soil conservation along with various prevention techniques for soil conservation.
Desertification
Desertification is the process of fertile land turning into desert due to human activities and climate change. It affects over 1 billion people across 110 countries. Each year, desertification causes $42 billion in lost agriculture and 24 billion tons of soil disappear. The major causes are deforestation, overgrazing, over-cropping, poverty, and climate change like increased temperatures and reduced rainfall. Effects include degraded local and global climate, broken water cycles, loss of arable land, soil erosion, and reduced biodiversity. Controls include sustainable farming/grazing, afforestation, legislation, family planning, and irrigation projects.
Desertification
Desertification is land degradation in dryland areas caused by climatic variations and human activities. The main causes are deforestation, soil erosion, clearing land for construction, and population pressures. Deforestation removes trees that anchor soil and regulate rainfall. Soil erosion degrades and depletes soils, reducing their ability to support life. Construction activities and population growth increase pressure on limited resources. Desertification has environmental, economic and social impacts like reduced biodiversity, famine, and climate change. Combating desertification requires awareness, sustainable land management like tree planting, and community involvement. The document provides examples of desertification in regions like Africa, China, and the Mediterranean island of Malta.
DESERTIFICATION_ SlideShare
Desertification, define, deserts of the world, types of desertification, causes of desertification, impacts of desertification, desertification in Pakistan, solutions for desertification
Land degradation
Land degradation refers to the reduction in soil quality and fertility due to various human and environmental factors. It is a major challenge for sustainable development. The causes of land degradation include deforestation, soil erosion, mining, unsustainable agricultural practices, and urban expansion. These activities can lead to declines in soil quality, water availability, biodiversity, and agricultural productivity. Conservation measures to prevent land degradation involve practices like strip farming, crop rotation, contour farming, and construction of bunds and ridges to reduce soil erosion. Sustainable land management aims to utilize land resources for production without reducing long-term productivity through practices informed by climate information.
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION – CONCEPT, CLASSES AND LINKAGES
Environmental degradation (ED) is the condition whereby the quality, usefulness and stability of the environment is reduced or destroyed by human activities. This leads to the destruction of plants and animals on our planet earth. It limits human ability to meet the basic needs as well. It reduces soil fertility, and makes the water dirty and the air unhealthy.
Fundamentally, ED is a manifest of the dynamic inter play of physical (flood, cyclone, cloud burst, sub-aerial erosion, earthquake, volcanism, tsunami, etc), economic (market, level and pattern of economic development, transport, etc), social (population, poverty, urbanization, etc), institutional and technological activities. Normally, environmental changes are driven by a large number of factors including economic growth, population growth, urbanization, intensification of agriculture, rising energy use and transportation.
Land degradation, deforestation, wetland degradation, pollution of air, water and soil, and wild life destruction are the broad types of ED. Each one of these is a direct function of population and poverty. Poverty bears a deep linkage with ED both in the rural and urban settings, and it still remains a problem at the root of almost all kinds of the global environmental issues. The current presentation makes herewith an attempt to explore the salient features of ED in the contemporary world in a thematic way.
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Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Overview of the Global Peatlands Assessment
Presented by Patrick Scheel at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
在线办理(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
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Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
原版制作(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
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Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
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The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
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The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptx
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
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Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
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ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
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world-environment-day-2024-240601103559-14f4c0b4.pptx
world-environment-day-2024-240601103559-14f4c0b4.pptx
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
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Desertification
- 1. DESERTIFICATION Prepared by Megh Shah 1
- 2. DESERTIFICATION: A GREAT PROBLEM Desertification is defined as a process of converting dry and non - productive land into deserts. It is also known as land degradation. According to Central Arid Zone Research Institute – a government organization working on desert land, 328 MHA geographical available land of India has its 1/3 land constitutes dry and arid which is increasing every year. 90% of land in Kutch and Saurashtra is under effect of desertification process. It is an environmental problem and posing a threat for survival of biological and human life. 2
- 3. DESERTIFICATION IN KUTCH AND SAURASHTRA 3
- 4. RATE OF DESERTIFICATION PER INDIAN STATE 2011-13 14.35 1.84 9.14 7.38 16.36 60.6 52.13 52.29 7.67 43.01 35.86 68.98 36.24 9.77 12.34 44.93 26.96 22.06 8.89 47.45 34.06 2.87 62.9 11.1 11.87 31.34 41.69 6.35 12.12 19.54 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Andhra… Arunachal… Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Delhi Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal… Jammu and… Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya… Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Telengana Tripura Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand West Bengal RATE OF DESERTIFICATION PER INDIAN STATE 2011-13(IN PERCENTAGE) Series 1 4
- 5. REASONS FOR DESERTIFICATION I. When semi arid land comes under influence of human habitation and excessive animal grazing, the land ultimately looses fertility and gets converted into a non-fertile desert land. II. When salty water of coastal area are swept on fertile land, the land looses its fertility and becomes desert. This is a natural process called ‘Sea Water Ingress’ in which sea water permeates into fertile land. This problem is prevalent in coastal area of Kutch and Saurashtra regions. III. When fertility of land is continuously extracted through respective crops and farming and it is not compensated by fertilizers and manures, the land looses its fertility. Thus, it becomes desert land. IV. Erosion of soil by wind and moving streams of water is also one of the reason for desertification. 5
- 6. MEASURES TO PREVENT DESERTIFICATION 1. Rain water must be conserved by check dams and water harvesting and must be allowed to penetrate into land. 2. Sea water must be collected in check dams to prevent the sea water ingress. 3. Dry lad forestry must be employed and acacia and cactus varieties of trees must be planted. This trees requires very less water. 6
- 7. 7