This document describes the softening and spreading processes used in jute production. Softening involves treating jute fibers with an emulsion to make them softer, more flexible and cohesive. The emulsion is a mixture of oil, water and emulsifier. Softening is done using a softener machine with multiple roller pairs or a spreader machine with slow and fast chains that comb and draft the fibers while applying emulsion. The softener machine grips and beats fibers with spiral rollers while the spreader machine applies more drafting and controls emulsion application better. The softener machine treats loose fibers while the spreader machine processes fibers into a specific length and weight.

1. Topic:Describe the Spreader and Softener
m/c.
Md.Biplob Mia
TE,DUET
Mob:01706442259

2. What is Softening?
Generally, Jute fibre are hard and Scratchy. Due to this characteristics, it
is difficult to produce yarn from this fibre. So, before the spinning the
Jute fibre has to be made flexible. The process in which jute fibre are
softened with emulsion is called soffening.

3. Objective of Softening :
• To make the jute fibre soft.
• To increase flexibility.
• To reduce fibre stiffness and brittleness.
• To increase cohesiveness of fibre.

4. What is Emulsion?
• Emulsion is a mixture of some lubricating agent which is applied on
Jute fibre to make the fibre soft and flexible. This mixture is used in
the soffener m/c and spreader m/c.
• Recipe:
• Oil 20-25%
• Water=70-74.5%
• Emulsifier 5-1.3%

5. Types of softening m/c?
• The softening process is done by combination of m/c action and
emulsion applied on the Jute fibre.
• Two types of m/c is used in softening –
• (1) Softener m/c.
• (2)spreader m/c.

6. What is softener m/c ?
• This m/c consist of 48 or 64 pairs of roller arranged side by side in
parallel. Usually 64 pairs of rollers m/c are used. 1st pair and last pair
of roller are parallel grooved and middle roller are angularly grooved.
The lowers of the pair of rollers moves by positive drive and the
upper moves by the friction of the lower roller.

8. Function of softener m/c:
• The long Jute fibre are fed on the machine by feed rollers.
• Gripping and beating the fibres by spirally fluted rollers
• Emulsion is sprayed an after passing one third portion of the fluted
roller zone.
• The fibre are delivered through delivery roller and delivery sheet.

9. What is spreader m/c?
• This m/c has a slow chain contains with pins or grill bars which have a
combing action on the Jute. It has also a fast chain which moves 10 to
12 times faster than the slow. chain. Here combing action occures and
also due to the speed variations the fibres get draft of 10. The
emulsion sprayed when the Jute fibre moves to conductor plate.

11. Working principle of jute spreader m/c?
• Jute is fed manually on the feed lattice and this regulated by a slave
points.
• After feeding the materials enters the slow section.
• In slow section, the fibre are pressed on this pin bed by 3 heavy
lantern rollers. This pin bed contains 32 gill bars.

12. • Then the materials goes to fast section. This section contain by gill
bed and 10-12times faster than slow section.
• Then Jute goes to conductor plate while emulsion is applied it.
• After emulsion Jute is received by null former in roll form.

13. Difference between spreader m/c and softener
m/c.
Spreader m/c Softener m/c
Rolls has produced with specific length & weight. Loose Jut is delivered, here no role is created.
Only Jong Jute are feeded. All types of Jute are feeded
The root side of jute is feed. The front side of Jute is feed.
Emulsion is applied end of of the m/c. Emulsion is applied after passing one-third of the way.
skilled labour is required. The jute is feed according to
slave pointer and dial pointer
Relatively skilled workers are not required.
Draft is applied. There is no system for draft and drafting

14. Emulsion application method can be controlled. Not possible to control the emulsion application
maintenance cost is high and less labour required. Lower maintenance cost and higher more workers are
needed.