Dr. Z conducts a study examining the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on depression. Half of her participants were raised in low SES homes; the other half was raised in high SES homes. Depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory, an interval scale. Which of the following statements is true? a. The DV was a manipulated variable b. The IV was a manipulated variable c. The IV was a subject variable d. The study used a within-subjects design e. None of the above are true Solution a. The DV was a manipulated variable.