describe a real-life example of selection against a homozygous reces.pdf
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describe a real-life example of selection against a homozygous recessive genotype Solution When both the alleles of a particular chromosome are recessive, it’s called homozygous recessive for that chromosome pair. There are few real life examples of homozygous recessive such as albinism, cystic fibrosis etc. Albinism is congenital disorder in humans that is a characterized by absence of pigment in skin, eyes, and hairs. Absence of pigment may be partial or complete. Lack of skin pigmentation in albinism makes individual more sensitive to sunlight and susceptible skin sunburn and skin cancers. Albinism is also associated with visions defects such as amblyopia, photophobia and nystagmus. This disorder is due to inheritance of recessive alleles which has defect/ absence of tyrosinase involved in the production of melanin..
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Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder characterized by little or no production of melanin pigment, resulting in pale skin, hair and eyes. It is caused by a recessive allele that prevents the production of tyrosinase, an enzyme needed to produce melanin from the amino acid tyrosine. There are two main types: oculocutaneous albinism affecting the eyes, skin and hair, and ocular albinism only affecting the eyes. Treatments include protective clothing, sunglasses and sunscreen to prevent sun damage.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder characterized by little or no production of melanin pigment. This results in white hair, pale skin, and vision problems. There are two main types - oculocutaneous albinism, which affects the eyes, skin, and hair, and ocular albinism, which only affects the eyes. The types are distinguished by their genetic cause and symptoms. Albinism is inherited through autosomal recessive or X-linked inheritance patterns. Diagnosis involves examining family history, vision, skin pigmentation, and sometimes genetic testing. There is no cure, but treatments focus on managing vision problems and protecting the skin from sun exposure.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic condition where people are born without the usual pigment (color) in their bodies. Their bodies aren't able to make a normal amount of melanin, the chemical that is responsible for eye, skin, and hair color. So most people with albinism have very pale skin, hair, and eyes.
Albinism.pptx
Albinism is characterized by absent or decreased skin pigment and can affect the eyes, hair, and skin. It is caused by mutations that impact melanin production and can be divided into two main types: oculocutaneous albinism, which affects multiple areas, and ocular albinism, which is limited to the eyes. Clinical features include iris transillumination, foveal hypoplasia, abnormal crossing of the visual pathways, photophobia, and refractive errors. Management focuses on sun protection and early vision screening.
Albinism
Albinism is a hereditary condition caused by a lack of melanin pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes. It results from a recessive gene and causes little to no pigmentation, making skin and hair very light in color and eyes often red or blue. Symptoms include light sensitivity, vision problems, and nystagmus. There are different types of albinism that vary in severity based on the amount of residual melanin present. Proper sun protection and sunglasses are important to manage health issues associated with albinism.
Conduct some basic research on the recessive disorder Albinism.Des.pdf
Conduct some basic research on the recessive disorder Albinism.
Describe the disease and its genetic basis.
Explain how this disease is inherited and why it is not always inherited.
Why is genetic testing controversial?
Provide references for your research
Solution
The term recessive disorder Albinism isdefined a is a congenital disorder which usually happens
due to complete or partial absence of the pigment which is present in the skin, hair and eyes.
Moreover it isr elated to a number of vision defects.These include: photophobia, nystagmus, and
amblyopia. Another important aspect is the Lack of skin pigmentation can usually lead to
sunburn .
This disorder is usually passes from parents to their children through the concept of genes. The
most importaant aspect for inhertiance is that both the parents should carry an albinism gene in
order to have a child who suffers from albinism disorder.Moreover, the parents can also have
normal pigmentation but they still are able to carry the gene. Finally as both parents are able to
carry the gene, and none of the parent has albinism.This means that there is a one-in-four chance
which can happen at pregnancy that the baby will be born with albinism disorder.
Genetic testing is controversial because after determining the sex of the child ,some parents
decide to abort it.So,in order to prevent this it has become controversial in some countries like
india where it is illegal.
References:
1.https://www.aapos.org/terms/conditions/12
2..
Albanism
Albinism is caused by a point mutation that depends on the specific case. The most common form is oculocutaneous albinism, which has four types: OCA1, OCA2, OCA3, and OCA4. Symptoms include little to no pigment in hair, eyes, and skin, eye problems like poor vision, and sun sensitivity. Albinism does not improve or worsen over time, but increases risk of sun damage and skin cancer. Incidence is about 1 in 17,000 in the US but higher in some other areas, and about 1 in 70 Americans carries the gene. Albinism is inherited through recessive alleles, so a carrier can pass on the gene without having albinism
Albinism powerpoint[1]
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism which causes abnormal pigmentation of the skin, hair and eyes. It is caused by mutations in genes responsible for producing protein complexes that construct lysosome-related organelles important for pigment production. The condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and causes fair skin/hair color, visual impairment, and increased risk of skin damage from sun exposure. Diagnosis involves examining physical features and genetic testing. While there is no cure, treatment focuses on protecting the skin and eyes from sun exposure.
Recommended
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder characterized by little or no production of melanin pigment, resulting in pale skin, hair and eyes. It is caused by a recessive allele that prevents the production of tyrosinase, an enzyme needed to produce melanin from the amino acid tyrosine. There are two main types: oculocutaneous albinism affecting the eyes, skin and hair, and ocular albinism only affecting the eyes. Treatments include protective clothing, sunglasses and sunscreen to prevent sun damage.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder characterized by little or no production of melanin pigment. This results in white hair, pale skin, and vision problems. There are two main types - oculocutaneous albinism, which affects the eyes, skin, and hair, and ocular albinism, which only affects the eyes. The types are distinguished by their genetic cause and symptoms. Albinism is inherited through autosomal recessive or X-linked inheritance patterns. Diagnosis involves examining family history, vision, skin pigmentation, and sometimes genetic testing. There is no cure, but treatments focus on managing vision problems and protecting the skin from sun exposure.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic condition where people are born without the usual pigment (color) in their bodies. Their bodies aren't able to make a normal amount of melanin, the chemical that is responsible for eye, skin, and hair color. So most people with albinism have very pale skin, hair, and eyes.
Albinism.pptx
Albinism is characterized by absent or decreased skin pigment and can affect the eyes, hair, and skin. It is caused by mutations that impact melanin production and can be divided into two main types: oculocutaneous albinism, which affects multiple areas, and ocular albinism, which is limited to the eyes. Clinical features include iris transillumination, foveal hypoplasia, abnormal crossing of the visual pathways, photophobia, and refractive errors. Management focuses on sun protection and early vision screening.
Albinism
Albinism is a hereditary condition caused by a lack of melanin pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes. It results from a recessive gene and causes little to no pigmentation, making skin and hair very light in color and eyes often red or blue. Symptoms include light sensitivity, vision problems, and nystagmus. There are different types of albinism that vary in severity based on the amount of residual melanin present. Proper sun protection and sunglasses are important to manage health issues associated with albinism.
Conduct some basic research on the recessive disorder Albinism.Des.pdf
Conduct some basic research on the recessive disorder Albinism.
Describe the disease and its genetic basis.
Explain how this disease is inherited and why it is not always inherited.
Why is genetic testing controversial?
Provide references for your research
Solution
The term recessive disorder Albinism isdefined a is a congenital disorder which usually happens
due to complete or partial absence of the pigment which is present in the skin, hair and eyes.
Moreover it isr elated to a number of vision defects.These include: photophobia, nystagmus, and
amblyopia. Another important aspect is the Lack of skin pigmentation can usually lead to
sunburn .
This disorder is usually passes from parents to their children through the concept of genes. The
most importaant aspect for inhertiance is that both the parents should carry an albinism gene in
order to have a child who suffers from albinism disorder.Moreover, the parents can also have
normal pigmentation but they still are able to carry the gene. Finally as both parents are able to
carry the gene, and none of the parent has albinism.This means that there is a one-in-four chance
which can happen at pregnancy that the baby will be born with albinism disorder.
Genetic testing is controversial because after determining the sex of the child ,some parents
decide to abort it.So,in order to prevent this it has become controversial in some countries like
india where it is illegal.
References:
1.https://www.aapos.org/terms/conditions/12
2..
Albanism
Albinism is caused by a point mutation that depends on the specific case. The most common form is oculocutaneous albinism, which has four types: OCA1, OCA2, OCA3, and OCA4. Symptoms include little to no pigment in hair, eyes, and skin, eye problems like poor vision, and sun sensitivity. Albinism does not improve or worsen over time, but increases risk of sun damage and skin cancer. Incidence is about 1 in 17,000 in the US but higher in some other areas, and about 1 in 70 Americans carries the gene. Albinism is inherited through recessive alleles, so a carrier can pass on the gene without having albinism
Albinism powerpoint[1]
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism which causes abnormal pigmentation of the skin, hair and eyes. It is caused by mutations in genes responsible for producing protein complexes that construct lysosome-related organelles important for pigment production. The condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and causes fair skin/hair color, visual impairment, and increased risk of skin damage from sun exposure. Diagnosis involves examining physical features and genetic testing. While there is no cure, treatment focuses on protecting the skin and eyes from sun exposure.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic condition that causes little or no pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes. It results from a faulty gene that prevents the body from producing typical amounts of melanin. People with albinism often experience vision problems, sensitivity to light, and lack of color in their features. While albinism has been observed throughout history, it was not formally recognized as a genetic condition until 1908. Today, genetic testing can help diagnose different types of albinism, while treatments focus on protecting the skin and eyes from sunlight and correcting vision issues.
Albinism
This document discusses albinism, a congenital disorder characterized by little or no pigmentation in the skin, hair and eyes. It is caused by a recessive gene that results in a lack of the enzyme tyrosinase needed to produce melanin. There are different types of albinism that can affect the eyes only or eyes, skin and hair. Albinism is associated with vision defects like photophobia, nystagmus and astigmatism as well as sun sensitivity. Diagnosis involves genetic testing or eye exams. Treatment focuses on protecting the skin from sun exposure and addressing vision problems. The condition does not affect lifespan except in rare cases of associated disorders.
Disorders of hypoigmentation cont.
Albinism
Chédiak–Higashi syndrome
Piebaldism
Waardenburg syndrome
Nevus depigmentosus
Idiopathic Guttate Hypomelanosis
Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Albinism
Albinism is a congenital disorder characterized by little to no production of melanin pigment in the skin, hair and eyes. This results in vision problems, sensitivity to bright light, and an increased risk of sunburn and skin cancer. The condition is inherited through recessive genes from both parents and affects all races. Treatment focuses on managing vision problems through glasses, low vision aids, and protecting the skin from sun exposure.
dermatology.Disorders of skin color.(dr.ali)
The document discusses several disorders of skin color, including hypopigmentation caused by conditions like vitiligo, albinism, and pityriasis alba. It also covers hyperpigmentation disorders and defines terms like constitutive and inducible skin color as well as skin phototype. Key points include that vitiligo is characterized by complete absence of melanocytes, albinism results from reduced or absent tyrosinase, and pityriasis alba causes transient hypopigmentation from mild dermal inflammation.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder where melanocytes cannot produce enough melanin, resulting in a lack of color in hair, skin, and eyes. It is caused by a recessive gene, requiring both parents to carry the gene for a child to be affected. Albinism affects people of all races and can cause vision problems, skin problems, light sensitivity, and increased risk of skin cancer. Treatment focuses on protecting the skin from sun exposure and managing vision issues. Most people with albinism can expect a normal lifespan, though some related conditions may reduce life expectancy.
Cutaneous Mosaicisms: Concepts, Patterns, and Classifications - Dr Zainab Alm...
This document discusses cutaneous mosaicism, which is when the skin shows genetically distinct cell populations derived from a single zygote. Some key points:
- Lesions often follow the Blaschko lines and can include conditions like incontinentia pigmenti, hypomelanosis of Ito, or nevus spilus.
- The pattern is due to the ectodermal development process or changes in keratinocytes and melanocytes.
- Two main types of segmental mosaicism are described: type 1 involves dominant mutations that would be fatal if present in the zygote, while type 2 involves mutations that occur after zygote formation.
- Examples discussed include hyp
Albinism. Some might wonder why this disorder doesnt phase out.pdf
Albinism is a genetic disorder characterized by little or no production of melanin pigment, resulting in pale skin, hair and eyes that are prone to sun damage. It occurs when both parents pass on a recessive gene causing a mutation in the tyrosinase enzyme needed to produce melanin. Differences in skin color between populations are an adaptation to varying levels of ultraviolet radiation exposure from the sun in different climates. People near the equator evolved darker skin containing more melanin to protect against strong UV rays, while those in colder climates developed lighter skin with less melanin since UV exposure is lower.
Skin Diversity Reflection
This document discusses skin diversity and phenotypic variation between and within human races. It notes that people of the same race can look completely different from one another due to variations in skin color, eye color, and other physical traits. These differences are caused by differing amounts of melanin pigment in skin and eyes. The document explores how the author's understanding of skin tones and their associations with different parts of the world has evolved over time and with exposure to more diverse populations.
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Melanin--Synthesis-Rajendra
1) Melanin is the pigment that determines skin and hair color and is produced in melanocytes.
2) Types of melanin include eumelanin, pheomelanin, and neuromelanin, which impart different colors.
3) Albinism is a genetic condition that results in little to no production of melanin, causing lack of pigmentation in hair, skin, and eyes along with vision problems.
Disorders of pigmentation.pptx
This document discusses disorders of pigmentation. It begins with an introduction to melanocytes and melanin production. It then describes disorders characterized by hypopigmentation, including vitiligo, oculocutaneous albinism, tuberous sclerosis ash leaf spots, piebaldism, pityriasis alba, idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis, and postinflammatory hypopigmentation. The document concludes by discussing some disorders characterized by hyperpigmentation such as melasma.
Albinism presantation
Albinism is a congenital disorder characterized by partial or complete lack of melanin pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes. It results from inherited recessive gene alleles and affects the production of melanin through defects in enzymes involved in melanin synthesis. There are two main types of albinism in humans - oculocutaneous albinism (OCA), which affects pigment in the eyes, skin, and hair; and ocular albinism (OA), which only affects pigment in the eyes. OCA can be further classified into 4 types based on the genetic defects involved. Vision problems commonly associated with albinism include nystagmus, strabismus, photophobia, refractive errors, and
Albinism (autosomal recessive)-a brief medical study
this is a rare condition of total loss of melanin content in body , but also this is observed now a days more often so , it is necessary to know about this condition , this study gives a clear idea of albinism
please comment
thank you..
The danger of being albino in africa
Albinism is a genetic condition characterized by little or no pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes. It is caused by an inability to produce the pigment melanin and affects people of all races. In Africa, people with albinism face additional dangers as there is a belief that their body parts can be used for witchcraft rituals, leading to increased risks of attack. They also have health problems like lung illness and bleeding from an inability to protect against the sun's UV rays.
Corneal dystrophies part 1
Corneal dystrophies are a group of genetically determined, progressive disorders that affect the layers of the cornea. They are usually inherited and affect both eyes equally. Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy is a rare, non-progressive abnormality of the corneal epithelium caused by mutations in genes encoding corneal epithelial keratins. It is characterized by irregular thickening of the epithelial basement membrane and intraepithelial cysts. Reis-Bucklers corneal dystrophy is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by replacement of the Bowman layer by connective tissue bands, causing severe recurrent erosions in childhood and potential visual impairment. Honeycomb corneal dystrophy is a less severe form of Reis-Bucklers, appearing as
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that causes partial or complete lack of melanin pigment in the skin, hair and eyes. Melanin is responsible for skin, hair and eye color and protects against UV radiation. There are different types of albinism depending on whether the lack of melanin affects just the eyes or both eyes and skin. The most common types are oculocutaneous albinism, which affects eyes and skin, and ocular albinism, which only affects the eyes. Albinism is usually inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and can cause vision problems, light sensitivity, and higher skin cancer risk. While there is no cure, treatments focus on vision rehabilitation and protection from UV exposure.
In practice, a RAM is used to simulate the operation of a stack by m.pdf
In nonvascular plants the _ is usually no photosynthetic and is_ dependent on the garnet
zoophyte nutritionally, sporophyte sporophyte reproducing. gametophyte gametophyte
structurally, sporophyte gametophyte reproductively. sporophyte sporophyte. nutritional.
gametophyte
Solution
sporophyte,nutrionally,gametophyte
In non vascular plants the sporophyte is usually non-photosynthetic and is nutrionally dependant
on the gametophyte
Explination
In bryophytes like mosses gametophyte n is the dominant generation and sporophyte 2n lives on
the gametophyte .....
i need help to edit the two methods below so that i can have them wo.pdf
I have to make a program for my C class and im stuck on the part where i have to calculate the
variance with elements from my array. This is exactly what im suppose to do:
Reset the sum variable to 0
Using another for loop (which needs its own loop variable), run through all valid elements of the
array, starting from index 0. Inside the loop:
Use the sum variable to accumulate the numerator of the variance formula shown on page 1.
After the end of this loop, compute the variance by dividing the new sum by the
dataElementsToProcess parameter.
this is the entire function
bool GenerateStatistics(FILE *fp2, double myArray[], int dataElementsToProcess)
{
if (fp2 == NULL && myArray == NULL && dataElementsToProcess < 1)
{
return false;
}
else
{
int i = 0,o = 0;
int sum = 0, sum1 = 0;
double maxValue = 0;
double minValue = DBL_MAX;
double mean, variance, stdDeviation;
for (int i = 0; i < 600; i++)
{
sum += myArray[i];
if (myArray[i] > maxValue)
{
maxValue = myArray[i];
}
if (myArray[i] < minValue)
{
minValue = myArray[i]; }
}
mean = sum / dataElementsToProcess;
sum = 0;
for (int o = 0; o < 600; o++)
{
sum += myArray[o];
}
variance = sqrt(pow((sum - mean), 2) / (dataElementsToProcess));
stdDeviation = sqrt(variance);
fprintf(fp2, \"Reaction Rate Statistics:\ \ \");
fprintf(fp2, \"Number of experiments = %d\ \", dataElementsToProcess);
fprintf(fp2, \"Minimum rate\\t\\t= %f\ \", minValue);
fprintf(fp2, \"Maximum rate\\t\\t= %f\ \", maxValue);
fprintf(fp2, \"Arithmetic mean\\t\\t= %f\ \", mean);
fprintf(fp2, \"Variance\\t\\t= %f\ \", variance);
fprintf(fp2, \"Standard deviation\\t= %f\ \ \ \", stdDeviation);
}
return true;
}
Solution
Here in the function you have
average - mean
Noofelements - dataElementsTo Process
Variance formula is
V = summation over i=1 to n ((xi - mean )*(xi - mean))
So perform like this using a for loop over my_array
double V=0.0
for(int i=0;i<600;i++)
{
V=V+pow((my_Array[i]-mean),2)
}
Now calculate standard deviation using sqrt of variance
sd=0.0
sd=sqrt(V).
Help!! Which of the following correctly lists the simple molecules t.pdf
Hello, I need assistance with question 7. I\'m not very good at double entry, so any explanations
would be helpful. However, liliu (ii) Trial balance after balancing off the alMUUTTUU ompany
u to Q7 R. Poon was having a whale of a time trying to get a trial balance for his como Redwar.
He had the following transactions during the month of May. He asks voor prepare the book
entries and a trial balance. 1 May Invests £8,000 in his business bank account. 2 May Purchases
£2,000 goods for cash from E. Skimo. £4,000 of goods on credit from S. Eal. £1,000 of goods on
credit from P. Olar. 4 May Sells £1,500 goods for cash to A.R.C. Tic. £5,000 goods on credit to
H. Unter. £3,000 goods on credit to M. Dick. 7 May M. Dick returns £2,000 goods unpaid saying
that they were rotting. 8 May R. Poon sends M. Dick\'s £2,000 goods (that he had originally
purchased from S. Eal for £1,800) back unpaid because he can\'t stand the smelt 10 May
Purchases another £1,200 of goods on credit from S. Eal. 11 May H. Unter buys on credit £1,600
of goods from R. Poon.
Solution
PURCHASE ACCOUNT S.EAL A/C (CREDITOR) P.OLAR A/C
(*CREDITOR) DATE PARTICULAR AMOUNT (DR) AMOUNT (CR) DATE
PARTICULAR AMOUNT (DR) AMOUNT (CR) DATE PARTICULAR AMOUNT (DR)
AMOUNT (CR) 2-May TO CASH 2000 2-May BY PURCH A/C 4000 2-May BY PURCH
A/C 1000 2-May TO S .EAL 4000 10-May BY PURCH A/C 1200 20-May TO BANK 750
2-May TO P.OLAR 1000 8-May TO PUR. RETURN 1800 31-May BY CL BALANCE
250 10-May TO SEAL 1200 20-May TO BANK 3400 31-May P&L A/C 8200 31-
May CL BAL - - SALES ACCOUNT H.UNTERA/C (DEBTOR) M.DICKI
A/C DEBTOR DATE PARTICULAR AMOUNT (DR) AMOUNT (CR) DATE
PARTICULAR AMOUNT (DR) AMOUNT (CR) DATE PARTICULAR AMOUNT (DR)
AMOUNT (CR) 4-May BY CASH 1500 4-May SALES A/C 5000 4-May SALES A/C
3000 4-May BY H.UNTER 5000 11-May SALES A/C 1600 7-May SALES RETURN
2000 4-May BY M.DICKI 3000 21-May BY BANK 2000 21-May BY BANK 800 11-
May TO H.UNTER 1600 31-May CL. BAL 4600 (5000+1600-2000) 31-May TO CL. BAL
200 31-May P&L A/C 11100 SALES RETURN ACCOUNT
DATE PARTICULAR AMOUNT (DR) AMOUNT (CR) 7-May TO DICKI 2000
P&L A/C 2000 PURCHASE RETURN ACCOUNT DATE
PARTICULAR AMOUNT (DR) AMOUNT (CR) 8-May BY S.EAL 1800 31-
May P&L A/C 1800 WAGES A/C DATE PARTICULAR
AMOUNT (DR) AMOUNT (CR) 31-May BANK A/C 800 31-May P&L A/C
800 RENT A/C DATE PARTICULAR AMOUNT (DR)
AMOUNT (CR) 31-May BANK A/C 500 31-May P&L A/C 500
ELECTRICITY EXP A/C DATE PARTICULAR AMOUNT (DR) AMOUNT
(CR) 31-May BANK A/C 75 31-May P&L A/C 75
STATIONERY A/C BANK INTEREST A/C DATE PARTICULAR AMOUNT
(DR) AMOUNT (CR) 15-May BY BANK - 250 31-May BANK A/C 25 31-May P&L
A/C 250 31-May P&L A/C 25 BANK A/C CAPITAL A/C
DATE PARTICULAR AMOUNT (DR) AMOUNT (CR) 1-May BY BANK 8000 1-May
CAPITAL A/C 8000 3-May CLOSING BALANCE 8000 15-May BANK INT . A/C 250
20-May S.EAL 3400 20-May P.OLA 750 CASH A/C 21-May h.unter
2000 DATE PARTICULAR AMOUNT (DR) AMOUNT (CR) 21-May M.DICKI 800 2-
May PURCHASE 2000 31-May WAGES 800 4-May SALES 1500 31-May RENT
500 CL. BALNANCE 500 31-May ELEC .
How does feasibility differ in an agile environment in comparison to.pdf
Traditional development assumes systems are fully specifiable through extensive planning, while agile development develops high quality adaptive software through small teams that continuously improve design and testing using fast feedback. Management shifts from command and control to leadership and collaboration, while knowledge moves from explicit to tacit. Other differences include communication style, life cycle model, organizational structure, quality control approach, and client involvement. Both approaches have merits and demerits, and neither is inherently simpler - what matters is properly understanding the methodology for the given situation. In-house software provides knowledgeable support from dedicated developers but can lack scalability, while outsourcing decreases coding burden but may increase costs.
Define a motor unit. What roles do motor units play in graded contrac.pdf
Define a motor unit. What roles do motor units play in graded contractions in skeletal muscles?
Solution
Motor unit is made of Motor Neuron, and its branches extended to the myofibrils of muscle
fibres. Signal is passed through the neuron to the muscle fibres. Motor neuron reaches to the
muscle fibre at neuromuscular junctions. Motor neurons work in group to assist the contraction
of single muscle in body. Force of Muscle contraction is controlled by the number of activated
motor neurons..
More Related Content
Similar to describe a real-life example of selection against a homozygous reces.pdf
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic condition that causes little or no pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes. It results from a faulty gene that prevents the body from producing typical amounts of melanin. People with albinism often experience vision problems, sensitivity to light, and lack of color in their features. While albinism has been observed throughout history, it was not formally recognized as a genetic condition until 1908. Today, genetic testing can help diagnose different types of albinism, while treatments focus on protecting the skin and eyes from sunlight and correcting vision issues.
Albinism
This document discusses albinism, a congenital disorder characterized by little or no pigmentation in the skin, hair and eyes. It is caused by a recessive gene that results in a lack of the enzyme tyrosinase needed to produce melanin. There are different types of albinism that can affect the eyes only or eyes, skin and hair. Albinism is associated with vision defects like photophobia, nystagmus and astigmatism as well as sun sensitivity. Diagnosis involves genetic testing or eye exams. Treatment focuses on protecting the skin from sun exposure and addressing vision problems. The condition does not affect lifespan except in rare cases of associated disorders.
Disorders of hypoigmentation cont.
Albinism
Chédiak–Higashi syndrome
Piebaldism
Waardenburg syndrome
Nevus depigmentosus
Idiopathic Guttate Hypomelanosis
Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Albinism
Albinism is a congenital disorder characterized by little to no production of melanin pigment in the skin, hair and eyes. This results in vision problems, sensitivity to bright light, and an increased risk of sunburn and skin cancer. The condition is inherited through recessive genes from both parents and affects all races. Treatment focuses on managing vision problems through glasses, low vision aids, and protecting the skin from sun exposure.
dermatology.Disorders of skin color.(dr.ali)
The document discusses several disorders of skin color, including hypopigmentation caused by conditions like vitiligo, albinism, and pityriasis alba. It also covers hyperpigmentation disorders and defines terms like constitutive and inducible skin color as well as skin phototype. Key points include that vitiligo is characterized by complete absence of melanocytes, albinism results from reduced or absent tyrosinase, and pityriasis alba causes transient hypopigmentation from mild dermal inflammation.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder where melanocytes cannot produce enough melanin, resulting in a lack of color in hair, skin, and eyes. It is caused by a recessive gene, requiring both parents to carry the gene for a child to be affected. Albinism affects people of all races and can cause vision problems, skin problems, light sensitivity, and increased risk of skin cancer. Treatment focuses on protecting the skin from sun exposure and managing vision issues. Most people with albinism can expect a normal lifespan, though some related conditions may reduce life expectancy.
Cutaneous Mosaicisms: Concepts, Patterns, and Classifications - Dr Zainab Alm...
This document discusses cutaneous mosaicism, which is when the skin shows genetically distinct cell populations derived from a single zygote. Some key points:
- Lesions often follow the Blaschko lines and can include conditions like incontinentia pigmenti, hypomelanosis of Ito, or nevus spilus.
- The pattern is due to the ectodermal development process or changes in keratinocytes and melanocytes.
- Two main types of segmental mosaicism are described: type 1 involves dominant mutations that would be fatal if present in the zygote, while type 2 involves mutations that occur after zygote formation.
- Examples discussed include hyp
Albinism. Some might wonder why this disorder doesnt phase out.pdf
Albinism is a genetic disorder characterized by little or no production of melanin pigment, resulting in pale skin, hair and eyes that are prone to sun damage. It occurs when both parents pass on a recessive gene causing a mutation in the tyrosinase enzyme needed to produce melanin. Differences in skin color between populations are an adaptation to varying levels of ultraviolet radiation exposure from the sun in different climates. People near the equator evolved darker skin containing more melanin to protect against strong UV rays, while those in colder climates developed lighter skin with less melanin since UV exposure is lower.
Skin Diversity Reflection
This document discusses skin diversity and phenotypic variation between and within human races. It notes that people of the same race can look completely different from one another due to variations in skin color, eye color, and other physical traits. These differences are caused by differing amounts of melanin pigment in skin and eyes. The document explores how the author's understanding of skin tones and their associations with different parts of the world has evolved over time and with exposure to more diverse populations.
Pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Melanin--Synthesis-Rajendra
1) Melanin is the pigment that determines skin and hair color and is produced in melanocytes.
2) Types of melanin include eumelanin, pheomelanin, and neuromelanin, which impart different colors.
3) Albinism is a genetic condition that results in little to no production of melanin, causing lack of pigmentation in hair, skin, and eyes along with vision problems.
Disorders of pigmentation.pptx
This document discusses disorders of pigmentation. It begins with an introduction to melanocytes and melanin production. It then describes disorders characterized by hypopigmentation, including vitiligo, oculocutaneous albinism, tuberous sclerosis ash leaf spots, piebaldism, pityriasis alba, idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis, and postinflammatory hypopigmentation. The document concludes by discussing some disorders characterized by hyperpigmentation such as melasma.
Albinism presantation
Albinism is a congenital disorder characterized by partial or complete lack of melanin pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes. It results from inherited recessive gene alleles and affects the production of melanin through defects in enzymes involved in melanin synthesis. There are two main types of albinism in humans - oculocutaneous albinism (OCA), which affects pigment in the eyes, skin, and hair; and ocular albinism (OA), which only affects pigment in the eyes. OCA can be further classified into 4 types based on the genetic defects involved. Vision problems commonly associated with albinism include nystagmus, strabismus, photophobia, refractive errors, and
Albinism (autosomal recessive)-a brief medical study
this is a rare condition of total loss of melanin content in body , but also this is observed now a days more often so , it is necessary to know about this condition , this study gives a clear idea of albinism
please comment
thank you..
The danger of being albino in africa
Albinism is a genetic condition characterized by little or no pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes. It is caused by an inability to produce the pigment melanin and affects people of all races. In Africa, people with albinism face additional dangers as there is a belief that their body parts can be used for witchcraft rituals, leading to increased risks of attack. They also have health problems like lung illness and bleeding from an inability to protect against the sun's UV rays.
Corneal dystrophies part 1
Corneal dystrophies are a group of genetically determined, progressive disorders that affect the layers of the cornea. They are usually inherited and affect both eyes equally. Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy is a rare, non-progressive abnormality of the corneal epithelium caused by mutations in genes encoding corneal epithelial keratins. It is characterized by irregular thickening of the epithelial basement membrane and intraepithelial cysts. Reis-Bucklers corneal dystrophy is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by replacement of the Bowman layer by connective tissue bands, causing severe recurrent erosions in childhood and potential visual impairment. Honeycomb corneal dystrophy is a less severe form of Reis-Bucklers, appearing as
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that causes partial or complete lack of melanin pigment in the skin, hair and eyes. Melanin is responsible for skin, hair and eye color and protects against UV radiation. There are different types of albinism depending on whether the lack of melanin affects just the eyes or both eyes and skin. The most common types are oculocutaneous albinism, which affects eyes and skin, and ocular albinism, which only affects the eyes. Albinism is usually inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and can cause vision problems, light sensitivity, and higher skin cancer risk. While there is no cure, treatments focus on vision rehabilitation and protection from UV exposure.
Similar to describe a real-life example of selection against a homozygous reces.pdf (17)
Cutaneous Mosaicisms: Concepts, Patterns, and Classifications - Dr Zainab Alm...
Cutaneous Mosaicisms: Concepts, Patterns, and Classifications - Dr Zainab Alm...
Albinism. Some might wonder why this disorder doesnt phase out.pdf
Albinism. Some might wonder why this disorder doesnt phase out.pdf
Albinism (autosomal recessive)-a brief medical study
Albinism (autosomal recessive)-a brief medical study
More from irshadoptical
In practice, a RAM is used to simulate the operation of a stack by m.pdf
In nonvascular plants the _ is usually no photosynthetic and is_ dependent on the garnet
zoophyte nutritionally, sporophyte sporophyte reproducing. gametophyte gametophyte
structurally, sporophyte gametophyte reproductively. sporophyte sporophyte. nutritional.
gametophyte
Solution
sporophyte,nutrionally,gametophyte
In non vascular plants the sporophyte is usually non-photosynthetic and is nutrionally dependant
on the gametophyte
Explination
In bryophytes like mosses gametophyte n is the dominant generation and sporophyte 2n lives on
the gametophyte .....
i need help to edit the two methods below so that i can have them wo.pdf
I have to make a program for my C class and im stuck on the part where i have to calculate the
variance with elements from my array. This is exactly what im suppose to do:
Reset the sum variable to 0
Using another for loop (which needs its own loop variable), run through all valid elements of the
array, starting from index 0. Inside the loop:
Use the sum variable to accumulate the numerator of the variance formula shown on page 1.
After the end of this loop, compute the variance by dividing the new sum by the
dataElementsToProcess parameter.
this is the entire function
bool GenerateStatistics(FILE *fp2, double myArray[], int dataElementsToProcess)
{
if (fp2 == NULL && myArray == NULL && dataElementsToProcess < 1)
{
return false;
}
else
{
int i = 0,o = 0;
int sum = 0, sum1 = 0;
double maxValue = 0;
double minValue = DBL_MAX;
double mean, variance, stdDeviation;
for (int i = 0; i < 600; i++)
{
sum += myArray[i];
if (myArray[i] > maxValue)
{
maxValue = myArray[i];
}
if (myArray[i] < minValue)
{
minValue = myArray[i]; }
}
mean = sum / dataElementsToProcess;
sum = 0;
for (int o = 0; o < 600; o++)
{
sum += myArray[o];
}
variance = sqrt(pow((sum - mean), 2) / (dataElementsToProcess));
stdDeviation = sqrt(variance);
fprintf(fp2, \"Reaction Rate Statistics:\ \ \");
fprintf(fp2, \"Number of experiments = %d\ \", dataElementsToProcess);
fprintf(fp2, \"Minimum rate\\t\\t= %f\ \", minValue);
fprintf(fp2, \"Maximum rate\\t\\t= %f\ \", maxValue);
fprintf(fp2, \"Arithmetic mean\\t\\t= %f\ \", mean);
fprintf(fp2, \"Variance\\t\\t= %f\ \", variance);
fprintf(fp2, \"Standard deviation\\t= %f\ \ \ \", stdDeviation);
}
return true;
}
Solution
Here in the function you have
average - mean
Noofelements - dataElementsTo Process
Variance formula is
V = summation over i=1 to n ((xi - mean )*(xi - mean))
So perform like this using a for loop over my_array
double V=0.0
for(int i=0;i<600;i++)
{
V=V+pow((my_Array[i]-mean),2)
}
Now calculate standard deviation using sqrt of variance
sd=0.0
sd=sqrt(V).
Help!! Which of the following correctly lists the simple molecules t.pdf
Hello, I need assistance with question 7. I\'m not very good at double entry, so any explanations
would be helpful. However, liliu (ii) Trial balance after balancing off the alMUUTTUU ompany
u to Q7 R. Poon was having a whale of a time trying to get a trial balance for his como Redwar.
He had the following transactions during the month of May. He asks voor prepare the book
entries and a trial balance. 1 May Invests £8,000 in his business bank account. 2 May Purchases
£2,000 goods for cash from E. Skimo. £4,000 of goods on credit from S. Eal. £1,000 of goods on
credit from P. Olar. 4 May Sells £1,500 goods for cash to A.R.C. Tic. £5,000 goods on credit to
H. Unter. £3,000 goods on credit to M. Dick. 7 May M. Dick returns £2,000 goods unpaid saying
that they were rotting. 8 May R. Poon sends M. Dick\'s £2,000 goods (that he had originally
purchased from S. Eal for £1,800) back unpaid because he can\'t stand the smelt 10 May
Purchases another £1,200 of goods on credit from S. Eal. 11 May H. Unter buys on credit £1,600
of goods from R. Poon.
Solution
PURCHASE ACCOUNT S.EAL A/C (CREDITOR) P.OLAR A/C
(*CREDITOR) DATE PARTICULAR AMOUNT (DR) AMOUNT (CR) DATE
PARTICULAR AMOUNT (DR) AMOUNT (CR) DATE PARTICULAR AMOUNT (DR)
AMOUNT (CR) 2-May TO CASH 2000 2-May BY PURCH A/C 4000 2-May BY PURCH
A/C 1000 2-May TO S .EAL 4000 10-May BY PURCH A/C 1200 20-May TO BANK 750
2-May TO P.OLAR 1000 8-May TO PUR. RETURN 1800 31-May BY CL BALANCE
250 10-May TO SEAL 1200 20-May TO BANK 3400 31-May P&L A/C 8200 31-
May CL BAL - - SALES ACCOUNT H.UNTERA/C (DEBTOR) M.DICKI
A/C DEBTOR DATE PARTICULAR AMOUNT (DR) AMOUNT (CR) DATE
PARTICULAR AMOUNT (DR) AMOUNT (CR) DATE PARTICULAR AMOUNT (DR)
AMOUNT (CR) 4-May BY CASH 1500 4-May SALES A/C 5000 4-May SALES A/C
3000 4-May BY H.UNTER 5000 11-May SALES A/C 1600 7-May SALES RETURN
2000 4-May BY M.DICKI 3000 21-May BY BANK 2000 21-May BY BANK 800 11-
May TO H.UNTER 1600 31-May CL. BAL 4600 (5000+1600-2000) 31-May TO CL. BAL
200 31-May P&L A/C 11100 SALES RETURN ACCOUNT
DATE PARTICULAR AMOUNT (DR) AMOUNT (CR) 7-May TO DICKI 2000
P&L A/C 2000 PURCHASE RETURN ACCOUNT DATE
PARTICULAR AMOUNT (DR) AMOUNT (CR) 8-May BY S.EAL 1800 31-
May P&L A/C 1800 WAGES A/C DATE PARTICULAR
AMOUNT (DR) AMOUNT (CR) 31-May BANK A/C 800 31-May P&L A/C
800 RENT A/C DATE PARTICULAR AMOUNT (DR)
AMOUNT (CR) 31-May BANK A/C 500 31-May P&L A/C 500
ELECTRICITY EXP A/C DATE PARTICULAR AMOUNT (DR) AMOUNT
(CR) 31-May BANK A/C 75 31-May P&L A/C 75
STATIONERY A/C BANK INTEREST A/C DATE PARTICULAR AMOUNT
(DR) AMOUNT (CR) 15-May BY BANK - 250 31-May BANK A/C 25 31-May P&L
A/C 250 31-May P&L A/C 25 BANK A/C CAPITAL A/C
DATE PARTICULAR AMOUNT (DR) AMOUNT (CR) 1-May BY BANK 8000 1-May
CAPITAL A/C 8000 3-May CLOSING BALANCE 8000 15-May BANK INT . A/C 250
20-May S.EAL 3400 20-May P.OLA 750 CASH A/C 21-May h.unter
2000 DATE PARTICULAR AMOUNT (DR) AMOUNT (CR) 21-May M.DICKI 800 2-
May PURCHASE 2000 31-May WAGES 800 4-May SALES 1500 31-May RENT
500 CL. BALNANCE 500 31-May ELEC .
How does feasibility differ in an agile environment in comparison to.pdf
Traditional development assumes systems are fully specifiable through extensive planning, while agile development develops high quality adaptive software through small teams that continuously improve design and testing using fast feedback. Management shifts from command and control to leadership and collaboration, while knowledge moves from explicit to tacit. Other differences include communication style, life cycle model, organizational structure, quality control approach, and client involvement. Both approaches have merits and demerits, and neither is inherently simpler - what matters is properly understanding the methodology for the given situation. In-house software provides knowledgeable support from dedicated developers but can lack scalability, while outsourcing decreases coding burden but may increase costs.
Define a motor unit. What roles do motor units play in graded contrac.pdf
Define a motor unit. What roles do motor units play in graded contractions in skeletal muscles?
Solution
Motor unit is made of Motor Neuron, and its branches extended to the myofibrils of muscle
fibres. Signal is passed through the neuron to the muscle fibres. Motor neuron reaches to the
muscle fibre at neuromuscular junctions. Motor neurons work in group to assist the contraction
of single muscle in body. Force of Muscle contraction is controlled by the number of activated
motor neurons..
An antibody is a protein that has which level of protein structure .pdf
An antibody is a protein that has which level of protein structure? Primary Quaternary Tertiary
Secondary Which cell type does the HIV infect? Cytotoxic T lymphocytes B lymphocytes
Helper T lymphocytes Suppressor T lymphocytes
Solution
antibody is a protein which is in quaternary structure because it consist of more than one
polypeptide chains (two heavy chain and two light chain ) joint by disulphide bond.
HIV infect Helper T lymphocyte(CD4+T cells).It causes the lower level of CD4+ cells by
pyroptosis.When CD4 cell number is declined below a normal level than cell mediated immunity
is lost and body become suceptible to various infection..
C++ PROGRAMThis program builds on the code below#include iostr.pdf
C++ PROGRAM
This program builds on the code below:
#include
#include
#include \"shirtType.h\"
using namespace std;
void getInput(shirtType s[],ifstream& infile, int& numShirts);
int main()
{
int numShirts;
shirtType shirts[500];
ifstream infile;
infile.open(\"h:\\\\shirtlab.txt\");
getInput(shirts,infile,numShirts);
for(int i =0; i>id;
infile.ignore(100,\'\ \');
getline(infile,c);
infile>>size>>p>>q;
while(infile)
{
s[index].setAll(id, c, size, p, q);
index++;
infile>>id;
infile.ignore(100,\'\ \');
getline(infile,c);
infile>>size>>p>>q;
}
numShirts=index;
}
See also the description of the class shirtType below:
#include
#include
using namespace std;
class shirtType
{
private:
int shirtID;
string color;
string size;
double price;
int quantity;
public:
void setAll(int i,string c,string s, double p, int q);
void print() const;
void newQuan();
shirtType();
shirtType(int,string,string,double,int);
};
shirtType::shirtType(int i,string c,string s, double p, int q)
{
color = c;
size = s;
if(i>0)
shirtID=i;
else
shirtID=0;
if(p>0.0)
price = p;
else
price=0.0;
if (q>=0)
quantity=q;
else
quantity = 0;
}
shirtType::shirtType()
{
shirtID=0;
color=\"\";
size=\"\";
price=0.0;
quantity=0;
}
void shirtType::setAll(int i,string c,string s, double p, int q)
{
color = c;
size = s;
if(i>0)
shirtID=i;
else
shirtID=0;
if(p>0.0)
price = p;
else
price=0.0;
if (q>=0)
quantity=q;
else
quantity = 0;
}
void shirtType::newQuan()
{
cout<<\"Enter the new quantity of shirts: \"<>quantity;
}
void shirtType::print() const
{
cout<<\"Shirt ID: \"<
Solution
#include
#include
struct node
{
int data;
struct node *next;
}*head;
void append(int nkkm)
{
struct node *temp,*right;
temp= (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
temp->data=nkkm;
right=(struct node *)head;
while(right->next != NULL)
right=right->next;
right->next =temp;
right=temp;
right->next=NULL;
}
void add( int nkkm )
{
struct node *temp;
temp=(struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
temp->data=nkkm;
if (head== NULL)
{
head=temp;
head->next=NULL;
}
else
{
temp->next=head;
head=temp;
}
}
void addafter(int nkkm, int loc)
{
int i;
struct node *temp,*left,*right;
right=head;
for(i=1;inext;
}
temp=(struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
temp->data=nkkm;
left->next=temp;
left=temp;
left->next=right;
return;
}
void addaShirt(int nkkm)
{
int c=0;
struct node *temp;
temp=head;
if(temp==NULL)
{
add(nkkm);
}
else
{
while(temp!=NULL)
{
if(temp->datanext;
}
if(c==0)
add(nkkm);
else if(cdata==nkkm)
{
if(temp==head)
{
head=temp->next;
free(temp);
return 1;
}
else
{
prev->next=temp->next;
free(temp);
return 1;
}
}
else
{
prev=temp;
temp= temp->next;
}
}
return 0;
}
void display(struct node *r)
{
r=head;
if(r==NULL)
{
return;
}
while(r!=NULL)
{
printf(\"%d \",r->data);
r=r->next;
}
printf(\"\ \");
}
int count()
{
struct node *n;
int c=0;
n=head;
while(n!=NULL)
{
n=n->next;
c++;
}
return c;
}
int main()
{
int i,nkkm;
struct node *n;
head=NULL;
while(1)
{
printf(\"1.Add a shirt\ \");
printf(\"2.Sell a shirt\ \");
printf(\"3.Res.
You are in charge of the investigation regarding possible exposur.pdf
You are conducting a study to see if students do better when they study all at once or in intervals.
One group of 12 participants took a test after studying for one hour continuously. The other
group of 12 participants took a test after studying for three twenty minute sessions. The first
group had a mean score of75 and a variance of 120. The second group had a mean score of 86
and a variance of 100.
a. What is the calculated t value? Are the mean test scores of these two groups significantly
different at the .05 level?
b. What would the t value be if there were only 6 participants in each group? Would the scores
be significant at the .05 level?
Solution
A)
Formulating the null and alternative hypotheses,
Ho: u1 - u2 = 0
Ha: u1 - u2 =/ 0
At level of significance = 0.05
As we can see, this is a two tailed test.
Calculating the means of each group,
X1 = 75
X2 = 86
Calculating the standard deviations of each group,
s1 = 10.95445115
s2 = 10
Thus, the standard error of their difference is, by using sD = sqrt(s1^2/n1 + s2^2/n2):
n1 = sample size of group 1 = 12
n2 = sample size of group 2 = 12
Thus, df = n1 + n2 - 2 = 22
Also, sD = 4.281744193
Thus, the t statistic will be
t = [X1 - X2 - uD]/sD = -2.569046516 [ANSWER, T VALUE]
********************************
b)
Calculating the means of each group,
X1 = 75
X2 = 86
Calculating the standard deviations of each group,
s1 = 10.95445115
s2 = 10
Thus, the standard error of their difference is, by using sD = sqrt(s1^2/n1 + s2^2/n2):
n1 = sample size of group 1 = 6
n2 = sample size of group 2 = 6
Also, sD = 6.055300708
Thus, the t statistic will be
t = [X1 - X2 - uD]/sD = -1.816590212 [ANSWER]
For part A, the P value is
p = 0.01750305
For part B, the P value is
p = 0.099328388
Hence, Part A would be significant, but part B wouldn\'t. [ANSWER]
**********************************
*****************************************************
Hi! If you use another method/formula in calculating the degrees of freedom in this t-test, please
resubmit this question together with the formula/method you use in determining the degrees of
freedom. That way we can continue helping you! Thanks!
********************************************.
Which of the following is not a product of the light reactions of ph.pdf
Which of the following developments have not helped to increase the importance of packaging
cover time Which stage is the most costly one? In which stage are criteria such as adequacy of
the technical - financial -manpower resources of the company and suitability to company
objectives and mission are used to evaluate new product Which stage involves a feasibility study
Which stage is most appropriate for \"informative\" advertising? At which stage should
management make a choice between skimming and penetration In which stage is
\"rejuvenation\" most likely to occur (if h does)? At which stage is heaviest price competition
most likely to occur? Which stage is the right time for starting to plan a new product
introduction? At which stage should product differentiation be at its lowest level? At which
stage do profits reach their highest level? A small confectionery (tath, Sekerleme, recel)
manufacturer markets its jams and jel an agreed upon price every year provided that the label is
changed into \"\"Sultan Ha following would be true
Solution
(8) (a)
Need for better packaging has nothing to do with economic crises - the crises can impact the
purchase decision with or without better & more attractive packaging.
(9) (C)
Concept development & testing is costliest because if the prototype developed fails, entire cost
incurred goes waste.
(10) (B)
These are tested at Screening stage for suitability of ideas generated.
(11) (D)
It involves technical, economic & business feasibility analysis.
(12) (A)
(13) (B)
(14) (D)
(15) (C)
(16) (C)
(17) (A)
(18) (B)
(19) Question is partially visible & can\'t be answered properly..
Write a line of code to create a Print Writer to write to the file .pdf
Write a class named Deque20, placed in the file Deque20.java. It should behave exactly as
described in the Java interface Deque (Google: \"Java 8 Deque\") except that it should only
implement the following methods: a no-argument constructor, addFirst, addLast, removeFirst,
removeLast, peekFirst, peekLast, and size. Your class should not extend or implement any class
or interface. It must use an array as its storage, allow generic types (E), and be as efficient as
possible. The Deque javadoc mentions several exceptions, but you should only return
NullPointerException (if someone tries to add a null reference to the Deque) and
NoSuchElementException (if someone tries to remove an item from an empty Deque).
Your deque should store objects in a circular array.
Probably the simplest implementation has objects with fields
The meaning being that the elements currently in the deque are at positions list[first_index],
list[(first_index+1)%list.length], list[(first_index+2)%list.length],...,
list[(first_index+num_elems-1)%list.length]. The modulus is necessary because first_index
might be near the end of the array and adding to it might result in an index that\'s out of bounds.
When an add operation would cause the capacity of the array to be exceeded, you should double
the size of the array by creating a new array of twice the size and copying the old array contents
into the new. Do not worry about ever reducing the size of an array. Also, whenever a reference
is removed from your deque, the old array location should be set to null so that the garbage
collector knows that the old item is no longer referred to by the deque.
Solution
public class Deque20 { private int first_index; private int num_elems; private Object[]
list; Deque20(){ first_index = 0; num_elems = 0; list = new Object[20]; }
private void doubleSize(){ Object[] arr = new Object[2 * list.length]; for(int i = 0; i <
list.length; ++i){ arr[i] = list[(i + first_index) % list.length]; } list = arr; }
public void addFirst(E val){ if(list.length == num_elems){ doubleSize(); }
int index = (first_index + list.length - 1) % list.length; list[index] = val; ++num_elems;
} public void addLast(E val){ if(list.length == num_elems){ doubleSize();
} int index = (first_index + num_elems) % list.length; list[index] = val;
++num_elems; } public E removeFirst(){ int index = first_index; E ret = (E)
list[index]; first_index = (first_index + 1) % list.length; return ret; } public E
removeLast(){ int index = ((first_index + num_elems) % list.length) - 1; E ret = (E)
list[index]; --num_elems; return ret; } public E peekFirst(){ return (E)
list[first_index]; } public E peekLast(){ int index = ((first_index + num_elems) %
list.length) - 1; return (E) list[index]; } public int size(){ return num_elems; }
}.
what is the difference bettween cotranslational import and posttrans.pdf
What is meant by ecological fallacy?
Solution
Answer:
The term \"fallacy\" means the invalid. ecological fallacy tells about the individuals in the
ecosystem which are invalid, it tell statistically about the group of individuals that are not part of
the group which they should belong to.
Eg. The earnings of people in particular district is high, the assumption that every person in that
distict is rich would be fallacy. There are few people with low earnings..
What is the meaning of critical periods in neonatal development Wha.pdf
what is the difference bettween cotranslational import and posttranslational import of proteins
into organelles? of the organelles listed below, which make use of which type of import? 1. ER
2. Mitochondria 3. nucleus 4. peroxisome
Solution
Cotranslational transport involves translocation of a growing peptide chain within the cell
simultaneously like to the ER.
Where as, post translational transport involves initially protein synthesis in the cytosol followed
by transport to ER.
Cotranslational - ER,
Post translational- Mitochondria, nucleus and peroxisome.
What are the major differences between foreign bonds and Eurobonds .pdf
what are some necessary organizational steps to successfully offer acupressure as part of nursing
care in the labor and delivery setting?
Solution
Principles of acupuncture forms the basis of acupressure.
During labour it can be used to relieve pain and increase the efficiency of the labor. From 37th
week onwards all points are safe for acupressure. Lesser pressure as compared to the nirmal
times has to be applied during labor. It should be started during early stages of labor and shall
intermittently be given during the entire process.
There are few specific acupressure points during the delivery and labor. These are lower back
points, large intestine, urinary bladder, kidney and spleen..
What is meant by ecological fallacySolutionAnswerThe term .pdf
What is Incorporation by Reference? and How is it used in a contract?
Solution
Incorporation by reference is an act of including second document within the first document by
giving only reference in first document. Ie if in first document only a single line is kept giving
reference of second document. than the secound document will be part of first document.
Incorporation by reference is often done in creating law as well in contract law nad trust and
estate law
Incorporation by reference is used in contract by way of terms and condition. For example there
are general set of terms and condition to contarct now instead of including all the tems and
condtion to contract a company can just give reference to it, making it binding to the companies
entering the contract.
Thus it is very important to read document if it is included by reference.
What are the two main branches of Non-Euclidean Geometry What is the.pdf
What are the major differences between foreign bonds and Eurobonds? Why do some US
companies prefer to issue Eurobonds to raise US dollars from foreign markets?
Solution
A Eurobond is long term bond issued and sold by the compnies outside the country in which it is
dominated. If US company issued a bond in dollar and selling it to Japanese investors in Japan
then it is know as Eurobond.
Foreign is also sold in the other courtry but it is issued in that country currency as well that\'s a
difference from Eurobond. US company selling and issuing a bond in Yen for Japanese
investors.
US companies issue Eurobonds because in that way US companies can hedge its currency risk..
By what transport method does oxygen enter the blood from the alveol.pdf
By what transport method does oxygen enter the blood from the alveoli? By what method is
oxygen transported to the body tissues from the lungs? By what method does oxygen enter the
body tissues from the blood?
a. Diffusion, bulk flow, diffusion
b. Bulk flow, bulk flow, diffusion
c. Bulk flow, diffusion, carrier proteins
d. Diffusion, diffusion, carrier proteins
e. Bulk flow, diffusion, bulk flow
Solution
b. Bulk flow, bulk flow, diffusion
bulk flow carries air or water, relatively high in O2 and low in CO2, past a respiratory surface.
The flow is usually propelled by muscular movements. Bulk flow of blood transports gases
between the respiratory system and the tissues. Blood is pumped through the body by the heart.
Diffusion transfers O2 out of the capillaries and into nearby tissues, and transfers CO2 from the
tissues into capillaries.
All of these are examples of evidence used to support the hypothesis.pdf
All of these are examples of evidence used to support the hypothesis of endosymbiosis,
EXCEPT:a. Mitochondria and plastids contain circular DNA molecules similar to the circular
chromosomes of bacteriab. Mitochondria and plastids, like prokaryotes, only contain genetic
material in the form of RNAc. Mitochondria and plastids can replicate themselves in a process
similar to prokaryotesd. Mitochondria and plastids have their own ribosomes and enzymes that
can be used to transcribe and translate DNA into proteinse. Mitochondria and plastids have a
double membrane (inner and outer)
Solution
Out of the above options , the correct will be
B. Mitochondria and plastids a have their genetic material in the form of DNA not RNA.
They donot have any such machinary for their expression , so this option is incorrect regarding
endosymbiosis.
Otherwise rest all the sentenses are true.
They have circular genome like Prokaryotes, and can replicate and also have double membrane
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A 28 year-old biologist makes a trip to study life forms in a distan.pdf
A 28 year-old biologist makes a trip to study life forms in a distant planet 17 light-years away.
The round trip including a stay of 1 year in the distant planet takes 38 years according to the
clock on earth. The biologist\'s son is 2.0 year-old when she left. Assume that the planet is not
moving with respect to earth. How fast is the spaceship traveling? Give your answer in terms of
the speed of light. You do not need to enter \"c\" as unit.
How old is she when she returns according to her clock?How old is her son according to the
clock on earth?
What is the total distance traveled according to the biologist?
Give your answer in light-years. You do not need to enter the units.
Solution
As it takes 38 - 1 = 37 years for the biologist to make the trip
Speed = 17 / 38 = 0.45 c
Time dialation that is occurred t\' = t * sqrt(1 - (v2/c2))
t\' = 37 * sqrt(1 - 0.452) = 33.04 years
Biologists age = 28 + 33.04 + 1 = 62.04 years
Her son\'s age = 2.0 + 38 = 40 years.
4. Name the following compounds CO2 CH CH3 CH20H CH3COOH 5. Water ha.pdf
4. Name the following compounds: CO2 CH CH3 CH20H CH3COOH 5. Water has a molecular
weight of 18. A milliliter of liquid water has a mass of one gram. Calculate the molar
concentration of liquid water: 6. What kind of bonds hold together the following compounds
(match): hydrogen bonds water ionic bonds table salt covalent bonds nucleotides in RNA james
bonds strands in dsDNA 7. Fill in the blanks: is transcribed by to make is translated by to make
Solution
Answer:
4)
CO2 : carbondioxide
O2: Oxygen
N2: NItrogen
CH4 : Methane
CH3CH2OH : Ethyl alcohol
CH3COOH: Acetic acid.
4. When examining whether group differences occur on more than one d.pdf
4. When examining whether group differences occur on more than one dependent variable, what
should be used? a. factor analysis b. MANOVA c. t-test for independent means d. t-test for
dependent means
Solution
For examining whether group differences occur on more than one dependent variable MANOVA
or the multivariate analysis of variance is used.
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