The document discusses the design of ground control and support systems for Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) UAVs and UCAVs, highlighting Indonesia's advancements in UAV development through initiatives like the Elang Hitam. It emphasizes key components of the ground control system, including telecommunications, flight safety equipment, surveillance capabilities, and national/international standardization. The document also outlines the ergonomic design features of advanced ground control stations and examples of mobile ground control systems.

1. Desain Ground Control &
Sistem Pendukung untuk
MALE UAV/ UCAV
Catatan Maret 2020
Disiapkan oleh Dony Riyanto
Telegram: @donyriyanto

2. Pendahuluan
• Dengan diluncurkannya MALE Elang Hitam beberapa waktu lalu oleh
BPPT dalam kolaborasi dengan LAPAN, PT DI, ITB, Indonesia sudah
mendeklarasikan diri masuk dalam negara yang serius menjadi
pengembang UAV untuk keperluan mission critical. Negara-negara
maju seperti Amerika, Rusia, China, India, bahkan Turki sudah lebih
dulu mendeklarasikan diri masuk ke ranah ini dengan meluncurkan
berbagai jenis UAV khususnya MALE UAV/UCAV.
• Salah satu bagian penting dari mission critical UAV adalah Ground
Controller yang didesain khusus untuk keperluan tersebut.

3. MALE Elang Hitam

4. Aspek-aspek Penting dari GCS:
• Multi operator - Ground Control System
• Telekomunikasi/telemetry dengan Ground Control, termasuk protokol yang digunakan
• Flight & Safety Equipment seperti: Flight Management Computer (FMC), fight data (tampilan
panel seluruh sensor-sensor yang ada pada pesawat, termasuk radar cuaca, visual kamera, dsb)
• Aircraft Survivability Equipment (ASE) seperti: radar signal detector, infra-red guided missile
countermeasure, IFF, general purpose dispenser (survival countermeasures against radar guided
weapon ), secure voice/data module, dsb
• Kamera, optronic, kendali gimbal
• Kendali senjata (firing control unit), payload pod status
• Ground environtment sensor
• Shelter
• Standarisasi nasional/internasional (NATO)

5. Contoh desain GCS

6. Contoh desain GCS

7. Beberapa part/teknologi penting pada GCS
• Common Operational Picture (COP)
• Field-of-View (FOV)
• Situational Awareness (SA)
• Hands on Throttle and Stick (HOTAS)
• LINK16
• Blue Force Tracking unit
• MIL-STD-1472
• STANAG 4586
• Ground Data Terminals (GDT)
• Remote Video Terminals (RVT)
• Command & Control System (C2)
• MIL-STD-1760 advanced weapons data
bus
• NATO6516

8. Data/informasi yang perlu ditampilkan
• Forward Looking Cam
• ISR Gimbal Cam (zoom level, object tracking, object info, range)
• UAV Data (altitude, yaw, pitch, horizon, airspeed, ground course speed, heading, bearing,
compass, fuel/batt condition, data link status/RSSI, throtle level, GNSS link status,
operation mode, engine status)
• Radar Data
• Data Cuaca dan kondisi shelter
• UAV Mission
• Common Operation Picture (COP)
• Weapon Data
• Supporting video source
• Blue Force Tracking information

9. General Atomic - Advance GCS - Block 50
Features/Benefits:
• Human-centered display technology
• Improved synthetic video with 3D graphics and moving maps
• 270° horizon Field-of-View (FOV) on multiple wide-screen
graphical overlays
• High-definition (HD) video
• Enhanced Situational Awareness (SA):
• Fused, multi-source data (Link 16, Blue Force Tracking) into a
Common Operational Picture (COP) on a single display
• Data link integration and collision avoidance
• Terrain avoidance and threats/special use overlays
• Easy to switch between automated "point and click" or
manual "hands on" flight operations
Ergonometric design:
• Touch-screen technology
• F-35/F-16 inspired Hands on Throttle and Stick (HOTAS) mechanization
for greater ease of aircraft/sensor control
• Ergonomic seating for increased comfort and design
• Increases manning efficiency with intuitive controls and data displays
• Design validated by U.S. Air Force and anthropometric/ergonomic
expert National Institute for Aviation Research
• Compliance with MIL-STD-1472 and other human factor standards
• Use of a STANAG 4586 architecture to facilitate interoperability across
various types of RPA systems
The Advanced Cockpit GCS may be retrofitted into existing U.S. Air Force,
U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Royal Air Force, Italian Air Force,
French Air Force, and NASA fixed-site facilities and fielded mobile GCS
shelters.

10. GA Block 50 GCS - Single Seat

11. General Atomic - Advance GCS - Block 30
https://www.ga-asi.com/images/products/ground_control/pdf/Block_30_GCS_DS_1up_111218.pdf

12. General Atomic - Advance GCS - Block 30
Dual Seat Configuration
Single Seat Configuration

13. Bagian-bagian penting dari Mobile GCS
• Multi Console (2 – Piloting
Stations & 1 – Payload Station)
• Communication Cabinet
• Auto Tracking Parabolic Dish for
DownLink
• Auto Tracking Yagi Antennas for
UpLink
• Weather Station
• Head Up Display
• LCD Screen for Commander
• Multi Computer System
• Internal Pilot Console with
Moving Map Display Panel
• Real Time Video Panel with
Flight Status Display
• Joystick for On-board Camera
Control

14. Beberapa contoh desain Mobile GCS
Bayraktar GCS

15. Beberapa contoh desain Mobile GCS
Bayraktar GCS

16. Mobile GCS dalam Pengoperasian
Bayraktar GCS

17. Mobile GCS Tampak Luar
Bayraktar GCS

18. Contoh Lain Desain Mobile/Moveable GCS
https://www.staratechnologies.com/gcs.html

19. Shelter Standards

20. Shelter Standards

21. Shelter Diagram &
Detail

22. Shelter Diagram & Detail

23. Hal-hal penting lain terkait GCS
Sumber:
UAV Requirements and Design Consideration
https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/p010321.pdf

24. Hal-hal penting lain terkait GCS Mission

25. Hal-hal penting lain terkait C3 (C4I)

26. GCS Diagram
http://www.apl-solution.hk/product/35.html

27. C2 Level dari STANAG4586
sumber: http://slideplayer.com/slide/4625012/

28. Contoh Block Diagram MALE UAV (ANKA)

29. ANKA UAV

30. ANKA UAV

31. ANKA UAV

32. ANKA Missile & Pod

33. Ilustrasi Remote Controlled Attack

34. Block Diagram (RQ-4 Global Hawk)