Dermal route

1. toxicolog
y

4. 4

6. Routes of absorption

8. Dermal route
Gastrointestinal tract route
 Respiratory route

9. • 0ther routes of absorption
Intraperitonial
Intramuscular
Intravenous
Subcutaneous
Conjunctive instillation
Rectal

10. iv > inhale > ip > im > ingest > topical

14. skin surface area 1.5-2 m2
Distance from blood vessels:100 microns
Skin thickness 3mm

16. Brick and mortar model of stratum corneum

17. Penetration rate In various
parts of body

19. Skin area
Temperature
Nature of exposure(vapour deposition compared to
direct liquid contact, formulation)
Thickness of horny layer
Damage to skin
Co-exposure of other
solvants(acetonitrile,dimethylsulfoxide)

20. Concentration of toxicant
Exposure duration

21. Ammonia
Calcium oxide
Chlorine
Phosphorus
Hcl
H2so4
Boric acid
Detergents
Chromium

22. Cobalt
Abietic acid