Depression: World Mental Health Day 2012
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Depression is a major global health issue, affecting over 350 million people worldwide. It is the second leading cause of disability and if no action is taken, will become the leading cause of disease burden by 2030. Depression often goes unrecognized and untreated. While treatable, less than 25% of those suffering from depression receive treatment. Depression negatively impacts physical health and can worsen other medical conditions. It is a common, serious, and treatable mental illness.
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Depression: World Mental Health Day 2012
- 1. World Mental Health Day 2012 DEPRESSION A GLOBAL CRISIS Dr Ayomide ADEBAYO Department of Psychiatry, LASUTH
- 2. Depression: What's the big deal? #2 cause of disability worldwide ~350m people 1 in 20 have had episode in past year* Largest non-fatal burden of disease WHO call for action! (2012) *World Mental Health Survey in 17 countries Dr Ayomide ADEBAYO 2
- 3. Why it's a global crisis 2004: #3 burden of disease (4.3% total) By 2030: #1 burden of disease (6.2% total, >heart disease, road accidents, stroke & lung disease) Top cause of lost years of healthy life in women 15-44y Dr Ayomide ADEBAYO 3
- 4. What makes it even worse <25% get access to treatment Often unrecognised even by doctors When diagnosed, often not treated When treated, often inadequately Nigerian psychiatrists: <1 per million people! Not enough mental health workers Dr Ayomide ADEBAYO 4
- 5. And that's not all… Depression has largest effect on worsening health Most common complication of almost all long-term or serious medical conditions Linked with heart disease, diabetes, asthma, cancer, stroke, even HIV Leads to ↑risk of death in diabetes, cancer & after heart attack Dr Ayomide ADEBAYO 5
- 6. Depression & physical illness: the links Depression → ↓immunity/physiological changes → physical illness Depression → unhealthy behaviours → physical illness Physical illness → depression → unhealthy behaviours → worsened illness Physical illness → depression → adherence to treatment → worsened illness Dr Ayomide ADEBAYO 6
- 7. Depression: What is it? …a common mental disorder marked by persistent low mood, low energy & loss of pleasure, & with serious effects on physical health & general function Dr Ayomide ADEBAYO 7
- 8. Depression is not… Sadness “Thinking too much” Emotional weakness Spiritual attack Madness Dr Ayomide ADEBAYO 8
- 9. Instead, depression is… A sickness Both mental & physical Treatable Deserving of our attention Dr Ayomide ADEBAYO 9
- 10. A few more things you should know… Not just an oyinbo matter Not “rich people's problem” 2-3x commoner in women Occurs in children too 1 out of 10 people have depressive disorder 1 out of 5 has had it in their lifetime Dr Ayomide ADEBAYO 10
- 11. So how do I recognise depression? Any 2 of the following lasting ≥2 weeks: Low mood Low energy Loss of interest or pleasure Mild, moderate & severe Dr Ayomide ADEBAYO 11
- 12. Other signs Low self-esteem Poor concentration & memory Hopelessness/guilt Thoughts of death/suicide Poor sleep & appetite (with weight loss) ±weakness, constipation, irregular periods Dr Ayomide ADEBAYO 12
- 13. Still more symptoms…especially here “Internal heat” “Heaviness in the head” “Something crawling around my body” Abdominal pain or discomfort Multiple, but vague physical symptoms All usually longstanding, with no lasting relief Dr Ayomide ADEBAYO 13
- 14. What causes depression? Honestly? We aren't really sure. Dr Ayomide ADEBAYO 14
- 15. But we do know a few risk factors… Dr Ayomide ADEBAYO 15
- 16. Risk factors for depression Gender & age Poverty Social disadvantages (e.g., low education) Exposure to violence Separation/divorce (especially men) Genetics Other chronic (longstanding) illness Dr Ayomide ADEBAYO 16
- 17. If you think you might be depressed… Don't refuse to consider the possibility On the other hand, don't diagnose yourself —go to a hospital Don't try to treat yourself Don't spiritualise it Dr Ayomide ADEBAYO 17
- 18. Treatment options Love & support Psychotherapy Medications Others… Dr Ayomide ADEBAYO 18
- 19. What YOU can do to help Recognise it! Talk—& more importantly, LISTEN Acknowledge feelings Ask what you can do Dr Ayomide ADEBAYO 19
- 20. Help people with depression understand That it is a serious illness…but it is not hopeless That it is essentially theirs to manage That they have options That they can change their behaviour Adapted from American Academy of Family Physicians document on strategies for chronic illnesses, http://www.aafp.org/fpm/20000300/47help.html Dr Ayomide ADEBAYO 20
- 21. What else you can do Learn more & help them learn more Support treatment Recognise warning signs for suicide Help with day-to-day living Support regular activities Dr Ayomide ADEBAYO 21
- 22. Never forget… There's NO HEALTH without MENTAL HEALTH Dr Ayomide ADEBAYO 22