1. Depression and Immune Function
Depression and Immune FunctionDepression and Immune FunctionThe body manifests
what the mind harbors.—Jerry Augustine, Former American baseball playerIf the body be
feeble, the mind will not be strong.—Thomas Jefferson, American co-author of the
Declaration of IndependenceThese quotes illustrate what researchers know about how the
condition of the mind and the body influence one another. In fact, research suggests that
severe depression may decrease the number of immune factors in the body affecting
immune responses such as inflammation. The impact of less immune factors could lead to
chronic diseases. For those battling chronic diseases, research s that these individuals
might be more susceptible to depression. When it comes to health, the mind and the body
are engaged in an interrelated and bi-directional relationship.CLICK HERE TO ORDER YOUR
ASSIGNMENTTo prepare for this Assignment, search the Walden Library and select two
research studies that examine the relationship between depression and inflammation.The
Assignment:In a Word document, respond to the following questions in a short-answer
bulleted format:What are two symptoms of depression? Provide a description for
both.What are two symptoms of inflammation? Provide a description for both.What are two
similarities between depression and inflammation at the cellular level?What were the
results of the two research studies that you selected that examined depression and
inflammation?Describe two influences that these research results might have on the
treatment of depression. your Assignment with specific references to all resources used in
its preparation.READINGSContrada, R. J. (2011). The handbook of stress science: Biology,
psychology, and health. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company, LLC.Chapter 5,
“Behavioral, Emotional, and Cognitive Sequelae of Immune System Activation” (pp. 65–
76)Chapter 25, “Stress and Depression” (pp. 345–358)Chapter 26, “Stressors and Mental
Health Problems in Childhood and Adolescence,” (pp. 359–372)Chapter 27, “Physical Health
Outcomes of Trauma,” (pp. 373–384)Kendall-Tackett, K. (Ed.). (2010). The
psychoneuroimmunology of chronic disease: Exploring the links between inflammation,
stress, and illness. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Chapter 5,
“Depression, Hostility, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Inflammation: The Corrosive
Health Effects of Negative Mental States” (pp. 113–131)Chapter 6, “Cognitive and
Behavioral Reactions to Stress Among Adults with PTSD: Implications for Immunity and
Health” (pp. 133–158)Chapter 9, “Treatments for Depression That Lower Inflammation:
Additional for an Inflammatory Etiology of Depression” (pp. 219–242)Altemus, M.,
Dhabhar, F., & Ruirong, Y. (2006). Immune Function in PTSD. Annals of the New York
2. Academy of Sciences, 1071(1), 167–183.Retrieved from the Walden Library
databases.Dantzer, R. (2012). Depression and inflammation: An intricate
relationship. Biological Psychiatry, 71(1), 4–5.Retrieved from the Walden Library
databases.Dantzer, R., O’Connor, J. C., Freund, G. G., Johnson, R. W., & Kelley, K. W. (2008).
From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the
brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9(1), 46–56.Retrieved from the Walden Library
databases.Gill, J. M., Saligan, L., Woods, S., & Page, G. (2009). PTSD is associated with an
excess of inflammatory immune activities. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 45(4), 262–
277.Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.Gill, J., Vythilingam, M., & Page, G. G.
(2008). Low cortisol, high DHEA, and high levels of stimulated TNF-?, and IL-6 in women
with PTSD. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 21(6), 530–539.Retrieved from the Walden Library
databases.Howk, C., & Bennett, M. (2010). Immune function and health outcomes in women
with depression. BioPsychoSocial Medicine, 4, 3–11.Retrieved from the Walden Library
databases.Leonard, B. E. (2010). The concept of depression as a dysfunction of the immune
system. Current Immunology Reviews, 6(3), 205–212.Copyright 2010 by Bentham Science
Publishers, Ltd. Reprinted by permission of Bentham Science Publishers, Ltd., via the
Copyright Clearance Center.Sarapas, C., Cai, G., Bierer, L. M., Golier, J. A., Galea, S., Ising,
M.,…Yehuda, R. (2011). Genetic markers for PTSD risk and resilience among survivors of the
World Trade Center attacks. Disease Markers, 30(2–3), 101–110.Retrieved from Walden
Library databases.Scott-Tilley, D., Tilton, A., & Sandel, M. (2010). Biologic correlates to the
development of post-traumatic stress disorder in female victims of intimate partner
violence: Implications for practice. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 46(1), 26–36.Retrieved
from Walden Library databases.Wilson, D. R. (2010). Health consequences of childhood
sexual abuse. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 46(1), 56–64.Retrieved from Walden Library
databases.National Institute of Mental Health. (2009). Key molecule in inflammation-related
depression confirmed. Retrieved from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/news/science-
news/2009/key-molecule-in-inflammation-related-depression-confirmed.shtmlOptional
ResourcesNational Institute of Mental Health. (2008). Errant stress/immune indicators
detected in depression-prone women’s sweat. Retrieved
from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/news/science-news/2008/errant-stress-immune-
indicators-detected-in-depression-prone-womens-sweat.shtmlNational Institute of Mental
Health. (2011). How are depression and chronic pain linked? Retrieved
from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression-and-chronic-
pain/index.shtmlOlszanecka-Glinianowicz, M., Zahorska-Markiewicz, B., Koce?ak, P.,
Janowska, J., Semik-Grabarczyk, E., Wikarek, T., …Dabrowski, P. (2009). Is chronic
inflammation a possible cause of obesity-related depression? Mediators of Inflammation, 1–
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