The document discusses departmental information systems and management information systems in healthcare organizations. It outlines different types of hospital departments and their information needs. It also describes the key components of hospital information systems, including those that support patient management, care delivery, clinical decision-making, department management, and financial functions. The document stresses the importance of integrating these different systems and ensuring data and processes are coordinated across departments. It further discusses management information systems and how they provide data for managing healthcare organizations effectively through business intelligence applications and analytics.

1. Departmental
Information
Systems &
Management
Information
Systems in
Healthcare
Organizations
Nawanan
Theera-Ampornpunt
http://www.slideshare.net/nawanan
Parts of this material were based on materials developed by Duke University, funded by the Office of the
National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services under
Award Number IU24OC000024 (Health IT Workforce Curriculum v.2.0, Component 6/Unit 9-1).

2. 2
Outline
Departmental Information Systems
 Hospital departments
 Nature of enterprise information systems
 Departmental IS categories
 Integration & interfaces
 System acquisition decisions
Management Information Systems (MIS)
 Concepts of MIS
 Common MIS in healthcare organizations

3. 3
Class Exercise 1
 Name some departments or
organizational units of a hospital that you
can think of.

4. 4
Examples of Hospital Departments
 Clinical departments
 Pediatrics (children)
 Ophthalmology (eye)
 Psychiatry (mental health)
 Nursing
 Pathology (lab)
 Radiology (x-rays)
 Anesthesiology
 Family medicine
 Physical medicine &
rehabilitation
 Surgery
 Obstetrics/Gynecology -
OB/GYN (childbirth &
woman’s health)
 Otolaryngology (Ear, nose,
throat - ENT)
 Orthopedics (bone
diseases)
 Internal medicine
 Emergency medicine
 Community medicine
 Pharmacy
 Operating rooms
 Outpatient departments
 Inpatient wards

5. 5
Examples of Hospital Departments
 Administrative departments
 General administration office
 Hospital director’s office
 Human resources
 Finance
 Procurement & material management department
 Public relations
 Policy & planning
 Medical education
 Graphics design & media
 Academic affairs
 Student affairs
 Library
 Quality improvement department
 IT/Informatics
 etc.

6. 6
Health Care Information
System (HCIS)
 Information system used within a health care
organization
 Facilitates communication
 Integrates information
 Documents health care interventions
 Performs record keeping
 Otherwise supports the functions of the
organization
Shortliffe, E, Cimino J, eds: Biomedical informatics: Computer
Applications in Health Care and Biomedicine. Third Edition. New
York, NY: Springer; 2006.
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version
2.0/Spring 2011

7. 7
Hospital Information System
 Information system used within a hospital
 Sometimes divided into
 Front Office (Clinical information systems)
 Back Office (Management information
systems)

8. 8
Enterprise-wide Information Systems
Shortliffe, EH, Blois, MS., The Computer Meets Medicine and Biology: Emergency of a Discipline.
In: Shortliffe, E, Cimino J, eds: Biomedical informatics: Computer Applications in Health
Care and Biomedicine. Third Edition. New York, NY: Springer; 2006.

9. 9
Class Exercise 2
 Choose 3-5 hospital departments and
discuss their specific information needs
and circumstances

10. 10
Hospital Information System (HIS)
 Information system used within a hospital
 Sometimes divided into
 Front Office (Clinical information systems)
 Back Office (Management information
systems)

11. 11
Some characteristics
Front Office
 Focuses on patient
care
 Patient records
should be
accessible
hospital-wide to
clinical
departments
 Time may be
critical
Back Office
 Performs
administrative
functions
 Some information is
specific to the
individual
department
 Often is not very
time-dependent

12. 12
HIS Components
 Patient management and billing
 Care delivery and clinical documentation
 Clinical decision support
 Department management
 Financial and resource management
Vogel, LH, Perreault, LE., Management of Information in
Healthcare Organizations. In: Shortliffe, E, Cimino J, eds:
Biomedical informatics: Computer Applications in Health Care
and Biomedicine. Third Edition. New York, NY: Springer; 2006.
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version
2.0/Spring 2011

13. 13
Patient Management and Billing
 Systems that support patient
management functions
 Example
 Patient identification
 Supporting technology
 Master patient index
 Houses centralized database
 Patient financial, demographic, registration and
location data
Vogel, LH, Perreault, LE., Management of Information in Healthcare Organizations. In:
Shortliffe, E, Cimino J, eds: Biomedical informatics: Computer Applications in Health
Care and Biomedicine. Third Edition. New York, NY: Springer; 2006.
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version
2.0/Spring 2011

14. 14
Care Delivery and Clinical
Documentation
 Systems that support the delivery of the care and
documentation of that care
 Example
 Clinical information systems, EHRs
 Supporting technology
 Electronic clinical order entry and results reporting
 Houses centralized database
 Patient clinical data
Vogel, LH, Perreault, LE., Management of Information in Healthcare Organizations. In:
Shortliffe, E, Cimino J, eds: Biomedical informatics: Computer Applications in Health
Care and Biomedicine. Third Edition. New York, NY: Springer; 2006. Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version
2.0/Spring 2011

15. 15
Clinical Decision Support
 Systems that support the clinical staff with
data interpretation and decision-making
 Example
 Medication Administration System
 Supporting technology
 Bar-code medication administration (BCMA)
 Accesses patient and other databases
Vogel, LH, Perreault, LE., Management of Information in Healthcare Organizations. In:
Shortliffe, E, Cimino J, eds: Biomedical informatics: Computer Applications in Health
Care and Biomedicine. Third Edition. New York, NY: Springer; 2006
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version
2.0/Spring 2011

16. 16
Financial and Resource
Management
Systems that support business
functions
 Example
 Accounts Payable System
 Supporting technology
 Claims administration
Houses centralized database
 Financial and employee data
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version
2.0/Spring 2011

17. 17
4 Ways IT Can Help Health Care
Strategic
• Business
Intelligence
• Data Mining/
Utilization
•MIS
• Research
Informatics
• E-learning
• CDSS
• HIE
• CPOE
• PACS
• EHRs
Administrative Clinical
Enterprise
Resource
Planning
(ERP)
•Finance
•Materials
•HR
• ADT
• HIS
• LIS
• RIS
Operational
Position may vary based on local context

18. 18
Department Management
 Systems that support a department’s information
needs
 Example
 Health Information Management Department systems
 Supporting technology
 Electronic Document Management Systems
 Supplies data to patient databases
Vogel, LH, Perreault, LE., Management of Information in Healthcare
Organizations. In: Shortliffe, E, Cimino J, eds: Biomedical informatics: Computer
Applications in Health Care and Biomedicine. Third Edition. New York, NY:
Springer; 2006.
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version
2.0/Spring 2011

19. 19
Departmental information system
 Supports specific needs of each
department
 Often designed to fit best with each
department’s unique workflows &
circumstances
 Usually a small system used by a few users
of one or two small departments

20. 20
Class Exercise 3
 What are some issues you can think of
when developing an information system
for a specific department

21. 21
Issues of Departmental IS
 Data integration (data sharing)
 Silos of information
 Process (workflow) integration
 In other words, standardization vs.
customization
 Implementation strategies (build or buy)
 Sustainability & system maintenance

22. 22
Integration
 Arrangement of an organization’s
information systems
 Efficient and effective communication
 Bring together related parts into a single
system
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version
2.0/Spring 2011

23. 23
Application Integration
 Patient management and billing
 Patient tracking
 Department management
 Electronic document management
 Care delivery and clinical documentation
 Order entry and results reporting
Vogel, LH, Perreault, LE., Management of Information in Healthcare Organizations.
In: Shortliffe, E, Cimino J, eds: Biomedical informatics: Computer Applications
in Health Care and Biomedicine. Third Edition. New York, NY: Springer; 2006.
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version
2.0/Spring 2011

24. 24
Application Integration
 Clinical decision support
 Computer-based physician order-entry
 Financial and resource management
 Provider profiling
Vogel, LH, Perreault, LE., Management of Information in Healthcare
Organizations. In: Shortliffe, E, Cimino J, eds: Biomedical informatics:
Computer Applications in Health Care and Biomedicine. Third Edition.
New York, NY: Springer; 2006.
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version
2.0/Spring 2011

25. 25
Systems Integration Strategies
 Data preservation
 Separate information management plan
components for
 Data management
 Applications and business logic
 User interface
Vogel, LH, Perreault, LE., Management of Information in Healthcare
Organizations. In: Shortliffe, E, Cimino J, eds: Biomedical informatics:
Computer Applications in Health Care and Biomedicine. Third
Edition. New York, NY: Springer; 2006.
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version
2.0/Spring 2011

26. 26
Key Components of Enterprise
Integration
 Master person index
 Single sign-on
 Context management
 Common code sets
 Data warehouse
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version
2.0/Spring 2011

27. 27
Critical Integration Elements
 Information is available when and where it is
needed
 Users must have an integrated view
 Data must have a consistent interpretation
 Adequate security must be in place
Vogel, LH, Perreault, LE., Management of Information in Healthcare Organizations.
In: Shortliffe, E, Cimino J, eds: Biomedical informatics: Computer Applications in
Health Care and Biomedicine. Third Edition. New York, NY: Springer; 2006.
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version
2.0/Spring 2011

28. 28
Data and Process Integration
 Data integration
 Interface engine
 Process integration
 Operational workflow
 Human organizational systems
Vogel, LH, Perreault, LE., Management of Information in Healthcare
Organizations. In: Shortliffe, E, Cimino J, eds: Biomedical informatics:
Computer Applications in Health Care and Biomedicine. Third
Edition. New York, NY: Springer; 2006.
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version
2.0/Spring 2011

29. 29
Interface Engine
 Translates and formats data for exchange
 Controls data flows between applications
 Central connecting point for all interfaces
Vogel, LH, Perreault, LE., Management of Information in Healthcare Organizations.
In: Shortliffe, E, Cimino J, eds: Biomedical informatics: Computer Applications
in Health Care and Biomedicine. Third Edition. New York, NY: Springer; 2006.
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version
2.0/Spring 2011

30. 30
HL7 Messaging Standard
Health Level Seven (HL7)
Message standard
Supports clinical practice
Move data in standard
formats
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version
2.0/Spring 2011

31. 31
From Islands of Information to
Meaningful Use
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version
2.0/Spring 2011

32. 32
System Acquisition Decisions
for Departmental Information
Systems
 Build (in-house development)
 Buy (outsourcing)
 Combination (e.g. buy then maintain/customize
in house)

33. 33
Build or Buy
Build/Homegrown
 Full control of software &
data
 Requires local expertise
 Expertise
retention/knowledge
management is vital
 Maybe cost-effective if
high degree of local
customizations or long-term
projection
Buy/Outsource
 Less control of software
& data
 Requires vendor
competence
 Vendor relationship
management is vital
 Maybe cost-effective
if economies of scale

34. 34
Build or Buy
 No universal right or wrong answer
 Depends on local contexts
 Strategic positioning
 Internal IT capability
 Existing environments
 Level of complexity/customization needed
 Market factors: market maturity, vendor choices,
competence, willingness to customize/learn
 Pricing arrangements
 Purchasing power
 Sustainability

35. 35
Management Information
Systems (MIS)
 Provides information needed to manage an
organization (e.g. a hospital) effectively and
efficiently
 A broad category of information systems
 Administrative reports
 Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
 Supply Chain Management (SCM)
 Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
 Project management tools
 Knowledge management tools
 Business intelligence (BI)

36. 36
Business Intelligence
Applications
 Allows for
 Data analysis
 Correlation
 Trending
 Reporting of data across multiple sources
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version
2.0/Spring 2011

37. 37
Business Intelligence
Applications
 Examples
 Clinical and Financial Analytics and Decision
Support
 Query and Reporting Tools
 Data Mining
 Online Scoreboards and Dashboards
Business Intelligence & Data Warehousing for Healthcare. Clinical Informatics
Wiki. 2008. Available from: http://www.informatics-review.
com/wiki/index.php/Business_Intelligence_&_Data_Warehousing_f
or_Healthcare
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version
2.0/Spring 2011

38. 38
Summary
 Various departments and their information
needs in hospitals/healthcare organizations
 Applications that need to be integrated in
health care information systems
 Strategies to ensure integration of front-end
clinical data collection and back-end billing
functions
 Critical integration elements
 Information systems for organizational
management (MIS)
 Data analysis and trending (BI)
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version
2.0/Spring 2011

39. 39
References
 Vogel, LH, Perreault, LE., Management of
Information in Healthcare Organizations.
In: Shortliffe, E, Cimino J, eds: Biomedical
informatics: Computer Applications in
Health Care and Biomedicine. Third
Edition. New York, NY: Springer; 2006.
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version
2.0/Spring 2011