3. 1) To record the patient's periodontal condition at
baseline
2) To establish effective patient communication about
periodontal disease and its prevention and treatment.
3) To establish proper diagnosis and treatment planning.
4) To evaluate the response to therapy.
5) To serve as a baseline for future comparison at recall
visits during maintenance phase
Importance of dental Charting
4.
5. Involves entire mouthGeneralized
Location
Confined to a single tooth or group of teethLocalized
Involves gingival margin including papillaeMarginal
Distribution
Involves interdental papilla(e) onlyPapillary
Involves gingival margin including papillae and attached
gingiva
Diffuse
Slight, Moderate, SevereSeverity
Clinical evaluation of the gingiva
Describe observation using the evaluation
6. DISTRIBUTION
• Localized gingivitis is confined to the gingiva of a
single tooth or group of teeth while generalized
gingivitis involves the entire mouth.
7. DISTRIBUTION
• Marginal gingivitis involves the gingival margin and
may include a portion of the contiguous attached
gingiva.
• Papillary gingivitis involves the interdental papillae
and often extends into the adjacent portion of the
gingival margin.
9. Record color, size, shape, consistency and
surface texture of the gingiva :
Red, bright red, bluish red, grayQuality
Gingival
color Generalized moderate marginal redness with localized bright
red gingiva at # 46,45 & 34
Example
EnlargedQuality
Gingival size Generalized slight to moderate marginal enlargement with
localized severe enlargement about facial of # 47-45 & #23-34
Example
Bulbous, flattened, punched-out, cratered, rolledQualityGingival
shape Localized, moderately punched-out papillary gingiva at # 24Example
Firm; spongyQuality
Consistency
of gingiva Generalized moderate marginal sponginess more severe about
#34-37
Example
Smooth, shiny, loss of stippling; or heavy deep stippling may
occur with fibrotic firm tissue
QualitySurface
Texture of
gingiva Localized smooth gingiva facial # 13-15Example
10. Healthy gingiva
Pale pink & stippled. Narrow
distinguishable free gingival
margin. No bleeding on probing
Mild gingivitis
Localized mild erythema & slight
edema. Some stippling is lost.
Minimal bleeding after probing.
11. Moderate gingivitis
Obvious erythema & edema.
No stippling, bleeding on
probing
Severe gingivitis
Fiery redness, edematous &
hyperplastic swelling, complete
absence of stippling, bleeding on
probing & spontaneous
hemorrhage.
12. Mild gingivitis in anterior area:
Mild erythema in maxilla. Slight
edematous swelling & erythema.
In mandible, slight edematous
swelling & erythema.
Papilla Bleeding Index: Grade 1
& 2
Stained plaque: Small plaque
accumulations arounds the necks
of the teeth & in interdental areas.
13. Moderate gingivitis in
anterior teeth :Erythema
& enlargement of gingiva
pronounced in mand than
in maxilla.
Papilla Bleeding Index :
grade 3 & 4
Stained plaque : Moderate plaque
accumulation in maxilla. Heavier plaque in mandible.
Radiographically, no destruction of interdental bony septa.
14. Gingival
Recession
Draw lines facial, lingual and palatal to represent the
position of the gingival margin in relation to the tooth
crown and the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) on the
dental chart. On diagram record accurately the position of
the free margin to show recession.
Generalized or
Localized
Location
Gingival
Recession
May be measured
with probe from
CEJ
Severity
Generalized slight
(see chart)
Localized 4mm#28
(Stillman's Cleft)
Example
15. Pocket Depth
“Probed Pocket Depth”
The probing depth is the distance from gingival margin to
which the probe penetrates into the pocket
16. Proceed from posterior teeth to midline for each quadrant,
all teeth from facial approach, then lingual for the entire
quadrant.
Insert probe at the distal line angle and "walk" distally
along the proximal surface; slant to accomodate the
contact area.
Return, the probe to the distal line angle; proceed around
the mesial line angle and into the mesial proximal.
Carefully diagonal probe to complete the proximal
examination.
17. Rationale
Attachment level
“Probed Attachment level”
1) Inflammation in the gingiva fluctuates
and pocket depth varies.
2) Measuring attachment level from a
fixed point (CEJ) provides a more
accurate evaluation for comparison.
18. Gingival Bleeding
Bleeding on probing is a significant sign of inflammation
that appears early before tissue color changes.
• Spontaneous, upon provocation, acute, chronic,
recurrent
Nature
• Generalized moderate marginal bleeding on
probing; profuse lingual # 32-29 & # 21Example
19. Exudate
The index finger is placed along the lateral aspect of
marginal gingiva and pressure is applied in a rolling
motion toward the crown
• Visible or upon
palpation (linger
pressure)
Nature
• Localized severe
exudate on pressure
at # 13, 47-45 &# 34-
32
Example
20. Probe Furcation
Area
Location
• Furcation is accessible for probing
from the facial and lingual
• Mandibular molars
Bifurcation
• Furcation is accessible for probing
from the mesial and distal
• Maxillary first
pre molars
• Furcation iis accessible for
probing fnbm the mesial and
distal and the facial
• Maxillary molarsTrifurcation
21. Classification of furcation
involvement
Incipient bone lessClass I
Partial bone loss (cul-de-
sac)
Class II
22. Classification of furcation
involvement
Total bone loss with
through and through
opening of the furcation
Class III
Total bone loss with
through-and-through
opening ot the furcation
with gingival recession
exposing the furcation to
view
Class IV
23.
24.
25. Mucogingival areas
The width of the attached gingiva
When a pocket extends to or beyond the mucogingival
junction, the probe may pass through the pocket directly
into the alveolar mucosa.
1) On the external surface of the gingiva, measure from the margin of the
gingiva to the mucogingival junction (total width of the gingiva).
2) Insert the probe into the sulcus or pocket and measure from the gingival
margin to the junctional epithelium (probing depth).
3) The width of the attached gingiva = total width of gingiva - probing depth
26. Bacterial
plaque
Observe thin plaque by running an explorer5 over
the tooth surface at cervical third and thick
plaque by direct observation.
Write: light, medium, heavy.
28. Dental stains`
Write: color, source when known, distribution;
localized, generalized, cervical third or surface;
intrinsic or extrinsic
29. Functional
relations
• Pathologic migration occurs most frequently in
anterior teeth. Distinguish from "mesial drift” which
occurs in posterior teeth with healthy gingival
Pathologic Migration
• Test for open contacts where food impaction can occur
by using dental floss.
• Record on the tooth chart by parallel lines.
Open Contacts
•Record any symptoms such as pain, tenderness sounds
(crepitation) or limitation of movement.
Temporomandibular
Joint Disorder
30. Parafunctional
Note tooth wear facets and occlusal and incisal
wear.
Question patient concerning habits such as
bruxing, clenching, or tapping
o Bruxism = grinding of teeth in directions different from normal
chewing at night
o Clenching = closing of teeth in the chewing position at day &
night
o Tapping = grading of an isolated tooth
31. Fremitus
Fremitus is palpable_vibration (or) movement, It is an
important sign during examination % of the occlusion,
and is commonly used as an indicator of the need for
further analysis
NOMINAL SCALE
o N normal
o + vibration felt
o 1 slight movement felt against finger
o 2 clearly palpable, movement visible
o 3 movement very apparent
32. Percussion
Percussion is the act of tapping a surface of a tooth
with an instrument. Sensitivity to percussion is a
manifestation of inflammation in the periodontal
ligament.
33. Mobility
Position the patient in supine for clear visibility.
Stabilize the head. Motion of head can interfere with a
true evaluation of tooth movement.
Begin with most posterior tooth and move
systematically around each arch.
Use two single-ended metal instruments. Hold in
modified pen grasp. Using wooden tongue depressors
or plastic mirror handles is not good, because of their
flexibility. Testing with fingers without the metal
instruments can be misleading since the soft tissue
moves.
34. Normal Mobility
Grade I: Slightly more than normal.
Grade II: Moderately more than normal.
Grade III: Severe mobility faciolingually and/or mesiodistally
combined with vartical displacement.
35. Radiographic
Examination
• Horizontal
• Angular
Bone loss
Write tooth numbers.
Place a black dot in furcation on the dental charting
(See Key for Chart)
Furcation Involvement
(radiolucency between
roots)
Lamina Dura
36.
37. Use of clinical photographs and study casts
1. Clinical Photographs
Color photographs are useful for recording the
appearance of the tissue before, and after treatment.
2. Casts
position of the gjngival margins
position and inclination of the teeth
proximal contact relationships
Food impactions areas.
Finally casts also serve as visual aids in discussions with the
patient and are useful for pre and post-treatment comparisons, as
well as for reference at check-up visits.
