All details about the dental cements
Introduction
Definitions
Ideal properties
Classification
Based on Ingredients & Application(craig)
Based on Bonding mechanism(william O’Brien)
Based on setting reaction (Anusavice)
Silicate cement
Zinc phosphate cement
Dental cements /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
All details about the dental cements
Introduction
Definitions
Ideal properties
Classification
Based on Ingredients & Application(craig)
Based on Bonding mechanism(william O’Brien)
Based on setting reaction (Anusavice)
Silicate cement
Zinc phosphate cement
Dental cements /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cements in orthodontics (2) /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Composite Resin Luting cements (2nd edition) presentation powerpoint
A type of dental cement
Used for cementation of indirect restorations & brackets
A summary of five textbooks
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Orthodontic cements /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cements in orthodontics (2) /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Composite Resin Luting cements (2nd edition) presentation powerpoint
A type of dental cement
Used for cementation of indirect restorations & brackets
A summary of five textbooks
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Orthodontic cements /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Luting agents for fixed prosthodontics/ orthodontic course by indian dental a...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
PULP
• FUNCTIONS OF THE PULP
• Formative: Elaboration of dentin to form the tooth
• Protective: Protection against and repairing of the effectsof noxious stimuli
• Nutritive: Preserving the vitality of all the cellular elements
• Sensory: Perception of stimuli
• ZONES OF PULP
• Starting at the periphery, the pulp is divided into four zones:
• Odontoblastic zone, which surrounds the periphery of
• the pulp
• Cell-free zone
• Cell-rich zone
• Central zone
ODONTOBLASTIC ZONE
• The primary function of the odontoblasts throughout the life of the pulp is the production and deposition of dentin.
• The crowded arrangement of the coronal odontoblasts is due to the rapid reduction of the pulp chamber by the deposition of dentin, which compresses the existing cells to a stratified layer.
• This crowding of odontoblasts produces more cells per unit area and, therefore, more dentinal tubules (45,000/mm2) in the pulpal side than in the enamel side (20,000/mm2).
• The unmyelinated nerves for sensory perception are also found in the pulpal end of the periodontoblastic space of the dentinal tubules
• The incremental lines represent rest periods in dentinogenesis, whereas the interglobular dentin and the granular layer of Tomes probably represent a defect in matrix formation.
• The accentuated incremental line that occurs at birth is called the neonatal line.
• In some areas in the mature dentin, the matrix has not calcified or is hypocalcified. These areas are called interglobular dentin.
• One also sees spaces in the root dentin near the cementodentinal junction called the granular layer of Tomes.
• The dentinal tubules extend from the predentin border to the dentinoenamel and the dentinocemental junctions.
• Dentinal Tubules are conical in shape, with a 2.5 μm mean diameter in the pulpal wall and a 0.9 μm mean diameter in the dentinoenamel or dentinocemental junctions because of the deposition of the peritubular dentin.
• The continuous deposition of peritubular dentinformation of the sclerotic dentin, which has a glassy appearance under transmitted light.
• Primary dentin is elaborated before the teeth erupt and is divided into mantle and circumpulpal dentin.
• Mantle dentin, the first calcified layer of the dentin deposited against the enamel, forms the dentinal side of the dentinoenamel junction.
• Circumpulpal dentin is the dentin formed after the layer of mantle dentin.
• Secondary dentin is elaborated after eruption of the teeth. It can be differentiated from primary dentin by the sharpbending of the tubules producing a line of demarcation.
• secondary dentin is deposited in greater quantities in the floor and roof of the pulp chamber than on the walls.
• Tertiary Dentin
• Two types of tertiary dentin are recognized:
• Tertiary dentin formed by primary odontoblasts following a mild stimulus is called reactionary dentin.
• Tertiary dentin formed by newly differentiated or secondary odontoblasts is termed reparative dentin.
• Reparative dentin,
• Cementum is deposited in a thin layer at the cementoenamel junction to form one of the following three configurations:
A butt joint (30%)
An overlap joint (60%)
A gap between cementum and enamel (10%) (this gap may produce cervical sensitivity or may predispose the tooth to cervical caries)
• The continued incremental deposition of cementum in the apical third maintains the length of the tooth, constricts the apical foramen, and deviates the apical foramen from the center of the apex.
• The surface of the bony crypt becomes known as the lamina dura radiographically.
• The sensory nerve fibers traverse the dental papilla and, on reaching the coronal pulp, they branch toward the periphery to form a plexus of nerves called the plexus of Raschkow.
• This plexus of Raschkow is located in the subodontoblastic zone of the coronal pulp.
• These sensory nerve fibers are myelinated; therefore, they are enclosed in a sheath made of Schwann’s cells.
• Human premolars receive almost 2300 axons at the root apex, of which about 13% are myelinated and 87% are nonmyelinated fibers.
• Most apical myelinated axons are fast-conducting Aδ fibers.
• These fibers are probably activated by a hydrodynamic mechanism and conduct impulses that are perceived as a short, well-localized, sharp pain.
• Most C fibers are slow conducting and fine sensory afferents
• TOOTH DEVELOPMENT (EMBRYOLOGY)
• . The initiation of tooth development-6th week of IUL
• . The oral stratified squamous epithelium covers the primordia of the future maxillary and mandibular processes in a horseshoe-shaped pattern.
• . Tooth development starts when stratified squamous epithelium begins to thicken and forms the dental lamina.
• . The stratified squamous oral epithelium covers an embryonic connective tissue that is called the ectomesenchyme because of its derivation from the neural crest cells. condensed area of ectomesenchyme forms the future dental papilla and subsequently the pulp.
• . BUD STAGE (FORMATION OF ENAMEL ORGAN)
• . CAP STAGE (OUTER AND INNER ENAMEL EPITHELIUM)
• The convex surface consists of the cuboidal epithelial cells and is called the outer enamel epithelium. The concave surface, called the inner enamel epithelium, consists of elongated epithelial cells with polarized nuclei that later differentiate into ameloblasts.
• . The inner and the outer enamel epithelium, the cells begin to separate due to the deposition of intercellular mucoid fluid rich in glycogen that forms a branch reticular arrangement called the stellate reticulum.
• . The ectomesenchyme surrounding the dental papilla and the enamel organ condenses and becomes more fibrous, it is called the dental follicle or the dental sac—the precursor of the cementum, the periodontal ligament (PDL), and the alveolar bone.
• . BELL STAGE (CERVICAL LOOP)
• . The junction of the outer and the inner enamel epithelium at the rim of the enamel organ becomes a distinct zone called the cervical loop.
• . The buds of the permanent molars, which have no primary predecessors.
• . The squamous cells between the stellate reticulum and the inner enamel epithelium form the stratum intermedium.
• . Stratum intermedium → Enamel
• Ectomesenchyme → Dentin
• Dental papilla → Pulp
• Dental follicle or dental sac → Cementum, the periodontal ligament(PDL), and the alveolar bone.
• Primary dentin is formed in increments of 4–8 μm per day and is continually deposited until the end of tooth development.
• . large-diameter collagen fibers known as von Korff fibers are deposited at right angles to the basement membrane in the extracellular matrix of the acellular zone. This process creates the organic matrixof the first-formed dentin or mantle dentin.
• The organic matrix or predentin is deposited around the odontoblastic processes. The predentin later calcifies and thereby forms the dentinal tubules.
• Primary dentin differs from the mantle dentin in which the matrix originates solely(only) in the odontoblasts.
• The mineralization of primary dentin originates from the previous mineralized dentin.
PERITUBULAR DENTIN
As the incremental deposition of dentin continues toward the center of the pulp, the diameter of the odontoblastic processes is reduced peripherally.
more mineralized and it is harder than primary dentin, is called peritubular dentin.70% inorganic material
• Dentin consist
tooth development, formation of enamel root formation, hertwing epithelial root sheath
development of the enamel ,dentin, pulp ,root .
preparation of NEET MDS
• AMELOGENESIS
• The preameloblasts differentiate into tall columnar epithelial cells with their nuclei polarized toward the stratum intermedium –Ameloblast
• The inner enamelepithelium is being resorbed and dentin is being deposited to follow the contour established by the basement membrane. This process forms the future dentinoenamel junction
• The deposition of enamel matrix causes the ameloblasts to migrate peripherally and form conic projections – Tomes process
• This maturation process begins in the dentinoenamel junction and progresses peripherally to the enamel surface.
• During the final phase of the maturation process, the ameloblasts join the stratified epithelium to form the reduced enamel epithelium and to cover and protect the enamel until eruption of the tooth.
• DEVELOPMENT OF THE ROOT
• Outer and inner enamel epithelia proliferate to form the HERS(Hertwig’s Epithelial Root Sheath)
• Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath- which determines the size and shape of the root of the tooth.
• the Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath proliferateshorizontally between the dentinal papilla and the dentalfollicle; this process partially encloses the dental papilla anddelineates the apical foramen or foramina. This proliferationis called the epithelial diaphragm.
• In multirooted teeth, the epithelial diaphragm guides the formation of the furca, roots, root canals, and apical foramina.
• CEMENTOBLAST
• These mesenchymal cells differentiate into cementoblasts, which are round, plump cells that have basophilic cytoplasm.
• The cell rests of Malassez remain dormant in the mature PDL and have the potential of proliferating into periradicular cysts if stimulated by chronic inflammation.
• Accessory canals are more prevalent in the apical third of the root.
details about the dental caries
Introduction
Definition
Etiology of dental caries
Clinical features of dental caries
Classification of caries
Theory of dental caries
Management of dental caries
#dentalcaries
THE HUMORAL THEORY
Vital Theory
Chemical theory
Parasitic theory
Miller Chemico Parasitic Theory
Proteolysis Chelation Theory
Sucrose Chelation Theory
types of dental caries
senile caries
backward caries
reversible caries
pit and fissure caries
root caries
1.Introduction
2.Definition
3.Classification
a) based on source or origin
b) based on nature of waste
#Non hazardous or solid waste
#Hazardous waste
4. Health hazards of accumulated solid waste
Dept of Oral Medicine & Radiology
Ameloblastoma A case report
Dhananjay Singh
CHIEF COMPLAINT
HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS
dental history
medical history
diagnosis
investigation
final diagnosis
treatment
clinical features
oral medicine
radiology
xray
oral diagnosis
all details about the chemistry of polymerization
Addition polymerization
Chemical Stages of polymerization
induction
propagation
chain transfer
termination
Inhibition of polymerization
Ring-opening polymerization,
Step growth/Condensation polymerization
Copolymerization
Acrylic resins
Methylmethacrylate
Polymethylmethacrylate{PMMA}
Multifunctional Methacrylate and Acrylate resins
All details about the dental polymer
Components and Composition
Molecular Weight
Polydispersity
Structure Of Polymer
Mechanical And Physical Properties Of Polymer,
Rheometric Properties
Solvation and dissolution Properties
Thermal Properties
Requirement Of Dental Resins
Dental Use Of Resins
cavity liners details it applied and action and how to use in cavity for the restorations of filling materials,
manipulation of cavity liners
others types of cavity liners
details about the metabolism of drugs, non synthetic reaction, synthetic reaction, inhibition of drug metabolism, pre systemic metabolism, microsomal enzyme induction,
all details about the growth of bacteria and factors which helps in growth
autotrophs,heterotrophs,generation time, bacterial count, bacterial growth curve,
batch culture and continuous culture
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
3. GLASS IONOMER CEMENT (GIC)
◦ GIC is the generic name for materials based on reaction of
glass powder and polyacyrlic acid.
◦ These cements where introduced in 1970 to improve clinical
performance compared with silicate cements and to reduce
pulp damage.
◦ GIC consider superior to many cements as it is adherent and
translucent.
◦ GIC has been used for esthetic restoration for ant teeth e.g
class 3 and 5 , as a luting agent, as intermediate restoration
and as a Lining cements and base.
5. Glass composition
◦ It’s varies among manufactures but it Always have alumina , silica, calcia and
fluoride.
◦ The ratio of alumina to silica is key to their reactivity with Polyacrylic acid.
◦ Additionally it has barium, strontium and some other higher atomic number
metal oxide to increase glass radiopacity.
◦ Silica glass melts between 1100°c – 1500°c depending upon overall
composition.
◦ The glass is grounded Into powder With partical size ranging between 15
micrometer to 50 micrometer, depending upon indication.
6. Liquid composition
◦ Originally, Aqueous solution of Polyacrylic acid (About 40-
50%) were used. But such liquid has short shelf life due to
gelation.
◦ Currently the liquid are copolymer of itaconic acid, maleic
acid and tricarboxylic acid.
◦ Tartaric acid is a rate-controlling addictive in the GICs liquid
that allows a wide range of glasses to be used.
8. Clinical Manipulation
◦ The following condition for GIC must be satisfied for cementing fixed
prosthesis.
1. The surface of prepared tooth must be clean and blotted dry.
2. The Prosthesis must be coated with luting cement and seated
completely.
3. The excess cement must be removed at appropriate time.
◦ For restoravtive indication, the GIC surface must be protected to
prevent dehydration or premature exposure to saliva.
9. Surface Preparation
◦ Clean tooth surface is essential for sustained adhesion.
◦ Smear layer produced by prepared cavity can be removed
by a slurry of pumic stone.
◦ Alternatively, tooth can be etched by 34-37% phosphoric acid
or 10-20% Polyacrylic acid for 10-20sec. Followed by water
rinse.
◦ The surface should be dry and uncontaminated by blood and
saliva.
12. Biological and Mechanical Property
◦ Anticariogenic potential due to release of fluoride.
◦ Biocompatibility.
◦ Compressive strength – 200 MPa
◦ Flexural strength – 5-40 MPa
◦ Shear strength – 3-5 MPa
13. Metal-Reinforced Glass Ionomer
Cement
◦ Metallic fillers have been incorporated in GICs to improve
their fracture toughness and stress-bearing capacity.
◦ Metal-reinforced GIC are of limited in use as an alternative to
amalgam or composite for posterior restoration.
◦ They are weaker then resin bases composite cores.
◦ They harden rapidly which is useful for pedodontic cases.
14. High-Viscosity Glass Ionomer
Cement
◦ These GIC contain small glass particle size and use a higher
P/L ratio, yielding greater compressive strength.
◦ They exhibit excellent packability for better handling
characteristics.
◦ They are also used for core buildup, primary tooth filling, non-
stress bearing restoration and intermediate restorations.
15. Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer
Cement ( Hybrid Ionomer)
◦ Water soluble methacrylate base monomer have been used to replace
part of liquid component of conventional GIC results in a group of
materials called resin-Modified glass Ionomer cement.
◦ The monomer can be polymerized by a chemical or light activation or
both and the GIC acid base reaction will occur along with
polymerization.
◦ Some of these cement contain non-reactive filler particles, which
lengthens the working time, improve strength, make less sensitive to
moisture during setting.
16. Composition
◦Powder
◦ Alumino-silicate glass particle
◦ Polymerization initiator
◦ Chemical initiator – Benzoyl peroxide
◦ Photo-initiator – Camphroquinon
◦ Both – triple cured materials
◦Liquid
◦ Aqueous solution of poly alkenoic acid
◦ Polyacrylic acid having some carboxylic groups modified with methacrylate or
HEMA monomer
17. Setting Reaction
Theacid – base
reaction begin
upon mixing and
continue after
polymerization at
a much slower
rate than for
conventional
glass Ionomer
cement because
less water is
present.
18. Clinical Applications
◦ Liners
◦ Fissure sealants
◦ Base material
◦ Core buildup
◦ Repair material for damaged amalgam core or cusp
◦ Retrograde root filling material
19. Calcium Aluminate Glass Ionomer
Cement
◦ A hybrid product with a composition between that of calcium Aluminate
and GIC, designed for luting fixed prosthesis.
◦ The calcium Aluminate component is made by sintering a mixture of
high-purity Al2O3 and CaO ( approximately 1:1 molar ratio) to create
monocalcium Aluminate.
◦ The main ingredients in the powder of this hybrid cementare calcium
Aluminate, polyacrylic acid, tartaric acid, strontium-fluoro-alumino-glass
and strontium fluoride.
20. ◦ The liquid component contains 99.6% water and 0.4%
additives which controls setting.
◦ The calcium Aluminate has a basic pH during curing,
reduction in microleakage, excellent biocompatibility, and
long term stability and strength.
22. COMPOMER
◦ Compomer is a polyacid-modified composite made by incorporation glass particles of
GIC in water-free polyacid liquid monomer with appropriate initiator.
◦ The Rationale for using this material is the the integration of the fluoride releasing
capacity of Glass Ionomer with the durability of resin composites.
◦ Compomer process properties distinctly different from those of resin composites and
glass ionomer.
◦ Compomers are usually a one-paste, light-cure materials for restorative applications,
although powder liquid system is for luting application.
23.
24. Composition
◦ Resin matrix-dimethacrylate monomers with two Carboxylic group
present in their structure
◦ Fillers-reactive silicate glass containing
◦ photoinitiators and stabilizer
◦ there is no water in composition and ion leachable glass is partially
Silanized to ensure bonding to matrix
25. Setting reaction
◦ These materials set by free radical polymerization reaction.
◦ there are two stages of polymerization reaction
◦ Stage I – Typical light activated composite resin polymerization
reaction occurs which helps in forming resin network enclosing the filler
particles. Reaction causes hardening of products.
◦ Stage II – it occur after initial setting the the restoration absorb water
and carboxyl group present in the polyacid and metal ions in the the
glass ionomer shows slow acid base reaction. This results in formation
of hydrogen it is like glass ionomer cement within the set resin
structure. Slow release of fluoride also occurs.
26. Manipulation
◦ For single component system the tooth is etched and bonding agent
applied. The material is injected into the cavity and cured by light.
◦ For powder liquid system the Powder and liquid is dispensed and
mixed according to the manufacture instruction for 30 second.
◦ For the automixing system the material comes out mixed when it is
forced through special mixing tips.
27. Uses
◦ Pits and fissure sealants
◦ Restoration of primary teeth
◦ liners and bases
◦ core buildup material
◦ for class III & V lesions
◦ cervical erosion or abrasion
◦ repair of defective margins in restoration
◦ feeling of root surface for over dentures
◦ retrograde filling materials
28. RESIN CEMENT
◦ Resin Cements are the newest type of cements used to lute and Bond
indirect restorations.
◦ They have higher compressive,tensile and flexual strength and wear
resistance compared to conventional luting cement.
◦ They comes in different shades and insoluble in oral fluids providing
better marginal seas than other cement types.
◦ Resin Cements should Bond both to the tooth structure and the internal
surface of restoration.
30. Composition
◦ Powder
◦ Resin matrix (diacrylate monomer, Bis-GMA, UDMA, TEGDMA)
◦ Inoraganic fillers
◦ Coupling agent (organic silane)
◦ Chemical Or photo initiators and activators
◦ Tri-n-butylborane(TBB) as a catalyst
◦ Liquid
◦ Methy methacrylate
◦ Tertiary amine
◦ 4-META, MDP
31. ◦Polymerization of the resin cement occur by chemical
light aur dual cure mechanism. The majority of resin
cements today are of dual cure variety. Light cure
resin cement is less common because of the potential
for incomplete polymerization of the cement under a
prosthesis.
32. ◦ Applications
◦ Cementation of Crowns and bridges
◦ Cementation of porcelain veneers and Inlays
◦ bonding of orthodontic brackets to acid etched enamel
◦ Commercial name
◦ Infinity
◦ procelite dual cure(Kerr)
33. Clinical Manipulation
◦ Monomeric component irritating to the Pulp – pulp protection with liner
◦ Chemically cured resin cement
◦ all types of restoration
◦ Supplied as powder and liquid or two paste
◦ mixed on a paper pad for 20 to 30 second
◦ slow and provides extended working time
34. ◦ Dual-cure cement
◦ mixing similar to that for chemical cure system
◦ Curing proceeds slowly until the cement is exposed to the
curing light
◦ Should not be used in prosthesis thicker than 2.5 mm
◦ Metallic prostheses
◦ Roughness by electrochemical etching or grit blasting with
30-50 micrometer alumina particles at an air pressure.
◦ Polymeric prostheses
◦ Polymer‘s surface should be grit-blasted to increase the
roughness for mechanical adhesion
35. ◦ Cerami Prostheses
◦ some dental ceramic restorations are translucent- shade of
luting agent must be matched.
◦ Silica based – etched with hydrofluoric acid and silane
coating is applied prior To Cementation.
◦ Alumina And zirconia based ceramic-grit blasting
◦ orthodontic brackets
◦ Mechanical retention such as the metal mesh of a metal
bracket or retentive dimples or ridges on ceramic or or
polymer brackets.
36. MINERAL TRIOXIDE AGGREGATE
CEMENT
◦ A new category of cement based on some of same
compound found in portland cement Has gained popularity
for endodontic applications.
◦ This material is beneficial because of its sealing ability and
biocompatibility.
◦ The first product called mineral trioxide aggregate is made up
of a hydraulically active powder that combines calcium oxide
Aluminium oxide Silicon dioxide into hydraulically active
ceramic compounds.
39. Characteristics of MTA
◦ Biocompatible with periradicular tissues.
◦ Non cytotoxic to cell, but antimicrobial to bacteria
◦ Non-resorbable
◦ Minimal leakage around the margins
◦ very basic alkaline initial pH 10.2 initially and it rose to 12.5 after 3
hours
◦ MTA Powder Contains fine hydrophilic particles that set in the presence
of moisture
◦ Radiopaque
40. Advantages
◦ Antimicrobial activity
◦ Hardens in the presence of moisture
◦ non toxic
◦ Vasoconstrictive –this could be beneficial for hemostasis(most
importantly in pulp capping)
◦ cell adherence and growth
◦ Interleukin production
◦ Periodontal ligament attachment to cementum growth
◦ dental Bridge formation
41. Disadvantages
◦Difficult to manipulate as a root canal filling material
include difficulty in obturation of curved root canal due
to Sandy nature of MTA
◦Longer setting time
◦ discoloration potential
42. MTA Mixing
◦ Prepared immediately before use- kept always in in closed containers or free
from moisture
◦ glass or paper slab used for mixing with plastic or metal spatula
◦ poor handling properties – the loose sandy nature of the mixing causes much
difficulty for the insertion and packing
◦ It takes longer time to set compared to to any other material.
◦ Being hydrophilic requires moisture to set making absolute dryness
contraindication
◦ It should Not be condensed with excess pressure because it might reduce the
surface hardness
44. USES
◦ Pulp capping
◦ internal and external root resorption & obturation
◦ lateral or furcation perforation
◦ Root canal sealer
◦ root and feeling after Apicoectomy
◦ Apexification
◦ Apexogenesis
45. ROOT CANAL SEALER
◦ Root canal sealers are used in conjunction with biologically
active acceptable semisolid or solid obturating materials to
establish an adequate seal of the root canal system.
◦ Sealers are binding agent use to fill up the gaps between root
canal walls and obturating materials.
◦ They also fill up the irregularities, lateral canal and
accessory canal.
47. Grossman’s criteria for ideal root
canal sealer
◦ Provide good adhesion Between it self and Canal wall and the Filling material.
◦ Radio opaque
◦ Should not stain tooth structure
◦ Should be dimensionally stable
◦ Be easy mixed and introduced to Canal
◦ Should Be easy to remove if necessary
◦ Insoluble in tissue fluid
◦ Bactericidal or bacteriostatic
◦ Non irritating to Peri radicular tissues.
◦ Should set slowly to provide working time
48. Uses
◦ Antimicrobial agent
◦ Binding agent
◦ A filler
◦ A Lubricant
◦ provide radio opacity
◦ As a canal obturating material
49. Conclusion
◦ No single type of cement Satisfy all ideal Requirement aur
best suited for all indication in dentistry.
◦ Each situation must be evaluated based on environment,
mechanical and biological factor and Finally decide on which
material used in each case.