This document provides guidelines for demolition work, including safety precautions before, during, and after demolition. It discusses planning demolition to minimize risks, protecting the public and adjacent structures, and using proper procedures for different building elements. Demolition must proceed in a controlled manner from the top down, bracing structures as needed. Mechanical devices may be used up to 25m, with fall protection like catch platforms required above 20m. Specific requirements are provided for walls, floors, structural elements like trusses, and different construction materials.
This document outlines safety precautions for demolition work. It discusses general precautions like notifying neighbors, disconnecting utilities, and continuous supervision. It also details procedures for demolition including planning, protecting adjoining properties, barricading the site, and demolishing in descending order from the top down. Specific elements like walls, floors, beams and roofs are to be dismantled following safety measures like bracing, supports, and preventing collapse or overloading floors.
Demolition of building and its precautionary measures as per IS codejaimin1702
The document discusses safety measures for demolition of buildings. It outlines necessary safety precautions to take when demolishing structures, including wearing protective equipment like goggles and gloves, installing screens and catch platforms, controlling dust and noise, and ensuring proper exits and supports. Temporary supports may be needed to handle loads from machinery, debris, and impacts during demolition. The document also notes environmental concerns like waste recycling and disposal, and controlling dust, noise, and water pollution.
The document discusses the demolition of buildings through various methods. It begins by outlining the objective of demolishing structures after their usable lifespan for safety reasons. Several steps are described before demolition, including surveying the building, removing hazardous materials, and creating a demolition plan. Common demolition methods are then outlined, such as piecemeal, mechanical, and explosive demolition. Explosive demolition is described as the quickest method, especially for multi-story buildings, though it requires carefully placing explosives. Finally, the conclusion states that imploding structures can be useful, economical, and fast for reconstruction projects.
This document discusses guidelines and regulations for glass balustrades. It covers the legal framework, design guidelines, balustrade components, and calculation and testing. The key points are that glass used in balustrades must be safety glass according to SANS standards, and must be designed to withstand impact and line loads determined based on the use and occupancy of the building. Designs must also meet regulations to prevent falls and ensure structural integrity and safety of the balustrade system.
Building Operations and Works of Engineering Construction (Safety) Regulatio...Ahmad Nazib
The document outlines safety regulations for construction work from the Building Operations and Works of Engineering Construction (Safety) Regulation. It covers requirements for machinery safety, prevention of slipping/tripping hazards, electrical safety, protective equipment, scaffolding, ladders, chutes and other equipment. Some key points include:
- Machinery must be safely fenced and floors must support the weight. Passageways must be kept clear of hazards.
- Fall protection such as safety harnesses must be used for high elevations and properly maintained.
- Scaffolding, ladders and other equipment must be sturdily constructed and regularly inspected to ensure safety.
- Chutes used to drop materials must
WORKING AT HEIGHTS AND FALL PREVENTION PLAN
1. Introduction 3
2. Scope 3
3. Revisions 3
4. General Requirement 3
5. Permit to Work 3
6. Hierarchy of Control 4
7. Working at Height Requirement 4
8. Perimeter and Edge Protection Standards 4
9. Vertical Access 5
10. Access Equipment Requirements 5
11. Scaffolding 6
12. Mobile Scaffold Towers 12
13. Work at Height General Precautions 13
14. Personal Fall Prevention System 14
15. Personal Fall Arrest System 15
16. Work at Height Personal Protective Equipment 17
17. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 18
18. EMERGENCY CONTACT NUMBERS 23
Attachment: 23
The document discusses the demolition of buildings. It describes various demolition methods including mechanical demolition using jackhammers and hydraulic breakers, and explosive demolition using explosives and implosions. It also covers non-explosive demolition using slurry, and deconstruction which is the selective dismantling of buildings. The document outlines important steps before demolition such as surveying, removing hazardous materials, preparing a demolition plan, and safety measures. Key steps after demolition include hauling and salvaging materials, disposing of waste, and planning new construction projects.
Here are 5 steps to ensure the homeowner's safety during a demolition project:
1. Secure the work area. Erect barriers and warning signs to keep non-essential people away.
2. Remove hazardous materials safely. Have professionals assess and remove asbestos, lead paint, etc.
3. Disconnect utilities. Turn off electricity, gas and water connections before starting work.
4. Use proper protective equipment. Workers should wear hard hats, safety glasses, steel-toed boots, gloves, etc.
5. Control dust and debris. Use water spray to suppress dust and remove debris regularly to avoid accumulation.
ANSWER NO. 5
1. Balling machine
2. Hy
This document outlines safety precautions for demolition work. It discusses general precautions like notifying neighbors, disconnecting utilities, and continuous supervision. It also details procedures for demolition including planning, protecting adjoining properties, barricading the site, and demolishing in descending order from the top down. Specific elements like walls, floors, beams and roofs are to be dismantled following safety measures like bracing, supports, and preventing collapse or overloading floors.
Demolition of building and its precautionary measures as per IS codejaimin1702
The document discusses safety measures for demolition of buildings. It outlines necessary safety precautions to take when demolishing structures, including wearing protective equipment like goggles and gloves, installing screens and catch platforms, controlling dust and noise, and ensuring proper exits and supports. Temporary supports may be needed to handle loads from machinery, debris, and impacts during demolition. The document also notes environmental concerns like waste recycling and disposal, and controlling dust, noise, and water pollution.
The document discusses the demolition of buildings through various methods. It begins by outlining the objective of demolishing structures after their usable lifespan for safety reasons. Several steps are described before demolition, including surveying the building, removing hazardous materials, and creating a demolition plan. Common demolition methods are then outlined, such as piecemeal, mechanical, and explosive demolition. Explosive demolition is described as the quickest method, especially for multi-story buildings, though it requires carefully placing explosives. Finally, the conclusion states that imploding structures can be useful, economical, and fast for reconstruction projects.
This document discusses guidelines and regulations for glass balustrades. It covers the legal framework, design guidelines, balustrade components, and calculation and testing. The key points are that glass used in balustrades must be safety glass according to SANS standards, and must be designed to withstand impact and line loads determined based on the use and occupancy of the building. Designs must also meet regulations to prevent falls and ensure structural integrity and safety of the balustrade system.
Building Operations and Works of Engineering Construction (Safety) Regulatio...Ahmad Nazib
The document outlines safety regulations for construction work from the Building Operations and Works of Engineering Construction (Safety) Regulation. It covers requirements for machinery safety, prevention of slipping/tripping hazards, electrical safety, protective equipment, scaffolding, ladders, chutes and other equipment. Some key points include:
- Machinery must be safely fenced and floors must support the weight. Passageways must be kept clear of hazards.
- Fall protection such as safety harnesses must be used for high elevations and properly maintained.
- Scaffolding, ladders and other equipment must be sturdily constructed and regularly inspected to ensure safety.
- Chutes used to drop materials must
WORKING AT HEIGHTS AND FALL PREVENTION PLAN
1. Introduction 3
2. Scope 3
3. Revisions 3
4. General Requirement 3
5. Permit to Work 3
6. Hierarchy of Control 4
7. Working at Height Requirement 4
8. Perimeter and Edge Protection Standards 4
9. Vertical Access 5
10. Access Equipment Requirements 5
11. Scaffolding 6
12. Mobile Scaffold Towers 12
13. Work at Height General Precautions 13
14. Personal Fall Prevention System 14
15. Personal Fall Arrest System 15
16. Work at Height Personal Protective Equipment 17
17. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 18
18. EMERGENCY CONTACT NUMBERS 23
Attachment: 23
The document discusses the demolition of buildings. It describes various demolition methods including mechanical demolition using jackhammers and hydraulic breakers, and explosive demolition using explosives and implosions. It also covers non-explosive demolition using slurry, and deconstruction which is the selective dismantling of buildings. The document outlines important steps before demolition such as surveying, removing hazardous materials, preparing a demolition plan, and safety measures. Key steps after demolition include hauling and salvaging materials, disposing of waste, and planning new construction projects.
Here are 5 steps to ensure the homeowner's safety during a demolition project:
1. Secure the work area. Erect barriers and warning signs to keep non-essential people away.
2. Remove hazardous materials safely. Have professionals assess and remove asbestos, lead paint, etc.
3. Disconnect utilities. Turn off electricity, gas and water connections before starting work.
4. Use proper protective equipment. Workers should wear hard hats, safety glasses, steel-toed boots, gloves, etc.
5. Control dust and debris. Use water spray to suppress dust and remove debris regularly to avoid accumulation.
ANSWER NO. 5
1. Balling machine
2. Hy
The document provides information about demolition techniques and safety precautions for demolition. It discusses demolition methods such as manual demolition, demolition by machines, demolition by hydraulic crushers, demolition by wrecking ball, and demolition by explosives including implosion. It also outlines the typical demolition sequence and covers safety topics like protective equipment, temporary supports, training, equipment maintenance, and debris handling.
0-GG010-MZ711-00020 Scaffolding Procedure rev.1 .docxKaty A. Beitia G.
The document outlines scaffolding procedures for the Gatun CCGT Project. It details responsibilities for scaffolding work, including requiring the site manager to comply with Panamanian regulations. It also requires training for scaffold users and erectors, and mandates that scaffolds be designed and constructed to support at least four times the planned load. Scaffolds over 15 meters must be engineered and inspected by a competent person. The procedures are intended to ensure the safe erection, use, inspection and dismantling of all scaffolding used on the project.
The document discusses the demolition of a building. It describes the steps that must be taken before demolition, including surveying the structure, removing hazardous materials, preparing a demolition plan, and creating a stability report. It outlines safety measures that must be followed. It then explains the two main methods of demolition - non-explosive demolition using equipment like sledgehammers, and explosive demolition which uses explosives to strategically remove structural supports to bring the building down in a controlled manner. The conclusion states that the demolition method depends on factors like the site, structure, building age and height, and cost effectiveness, and that explosive demolition is effective for larger structures.
This document provides safety guidelines for working with various types of construction machinery. It outlines requirements for siting machinery safely, fencing dangerous parts, providing safe access, and conducting maintenance and inspections. Specific guidelines are provided for earth moving, lifting, and hoisting machinery. Drivers and signalers must be trained and competent. Machinery must be tested regularly and thoroughly inspected for defects before each shift to ensure safe operation.
28 Edge protection to open edges, shafts and risers Risk Assessment Templates...Dwarika Bhushan Sharma
Project Name: xxx
RA Ref No.: xxx
RA compilation Date: Review date:
Date:
Compiled by:
Reviewed by:
Approved by:
Overall Task Details
Installation of Fall prevention to open edges, lift shafts, risers and penetrations; Relevant Applicable MAS:
• 00235 – Edge protection guard rails
• 00234 – Hole protection risers and penetrations;
• 00233 – Lift shafts; Additional Training required:
Temporary Works Coordinator to be designated NOC’s Required for task:
RISK SCORE CALCULATOR
Use the Risk Score Calculator to Determine the Level of Risk of each Hazard
What would be the
CONSEQUENCE
of an occurrence be? What is the LIKELIHOOD of an occurrence? Hierarchy of Controls
Frequent/Almost certain (5)
Continuous or will happen frequently Often (4)
6 to 12 times a year Likely (3)
1 to 5 times a year Possible (2)
Once every 5 years Rarely (1)
Less than once every 5 years Can the hazard be Eliminated or removed from the work place?
Catastrophic (5)
Multiple Fatalities High 25 High 20 High 15 Medium 10 Medium 5 Can the product or process be substituted for a less hazardous alternative?
Serious (4)
Class 1 single fatality High 20 High 16 High 12 Medium 8 Low 4 Can the hazard be engineered away with guards or barriers?
Moderate (3)
Class2 (AWI or LTI) or Class 1 Permanently disabling effects High 15 High 12 Medium 9 Medium 6 Low 3 Can Administration Controls be adopted
I.e. procedures, job rotation etc.
Minor (2)
Medical attention needed, no work restrictions. MTI Medium10 Medium 8 Medium 6 Low 4 Low 2 Can Personal Protective Equipment & Clothing be worn to safe guard against hazards?
Insignificant (1)
FAI Medium10 Medium 4 Low 3 Low 2 Low 1
No Specific Task Step
(In sequence of works) Hazard Details Consequence/Risk Initial Risk Rating Control Measures Residual Risks Additional Control Measures RR
P S RR
1 Edge protection design and erection standards
(Classified as Temporary Structure) • Trained personnel required;
• Protection specific design; • Use of unsupervised or untrained personnel to erect protection;
• Worker competency;
• Unapproved amendments to design;
4 4 16 HIGH i. The design and erection of temporary structures shall be undertaken by competent persons under control of the designated Temporary Works Supervisor;
ii. Supervision shall be suitably trained and experienced to supervise the erection and dismantling of edge protection;
iii. Temporary Works Coordinator shall be responsible for the collation of permits and collation of records of inspections etc.;
Low
2 Edge protection installation (hand rails, mesh, boards etc.) to leading edges
(Classified as Temporary Structure) • Works at Height;
• Manual Handling; • Injury from Fall from Heights;
• Injury from falling objects;
• Manual Handling injuries;
• Installation of protection; 4 4 16
High i. Safety harness and lanyard are to be used by those installing protection and hooked off to a secure anchor point behind them to restrict access to open edge;
ii.
for the subject offered in GTU, BCT, ace, cm
module 4 demolition of the structure
for the 3rd sem & also for the 6th sem subject and for the master of construction management
Construction Safety Training_Session 07_Construction Demolition, Hazards and ...Muizz Anibire
Learning Objectives
Describe the types of construction demolition work.
Identify the various types of hazards and their control measures in demolition work
Describe demolition management process and general controls
The document provides a property inspection report for a residential property located at 33 Structural Street, Structuralville, WA, 6530, Australia. It was conducted on 25 May 2015 by Geraldton Property Inspections. The report details information about the client, property address, scope of inspection, areas inspected, terminology, and findings. The inspector conducted a visual assessment of the property in accordance with Australian standards and provided descriptions of visible defects and the general condition of the building. [/SUMMARY]
This document discusses the demolition of structures. It begins by stating the objectives of demolition, which are to safely bring down buildings after their service life for safety reasons. It then outlines the steps before demolition, including surveying the structure and removing hazardous materials. Various demolition methods are presented, including piecemeal demolition using hand tools or wrecking balls, mechanical demolition using excavators, and explosive demolition through controlled implosions. Safety precautions for demolition are also addressed.
Building services engineering, technical building services, architectural engineering, building engineering, or facilities and services planning engineering refers to the implementation of the engineering for the internal environment and environmental impact of a building.
Fire safety and means of escape are important issues addressed by building codes and safety acts. Buildings must provide adequate fire escapes and unobstructed exit routes. Walls must have sufficient fire resistance to contain fires. Proper maintenance of escapes, clear exits, and fire prevention equipment is required. Wall construction must use damp proofing and drainage to resist weathering and prevent rising damp.
This document discusses techniques for demolishing structures. It begins with an introduction defining demolition. It then outlines important objectives for demolition such as safety and making way for new construction. The document details steps to take before demolition like surveying, removing hazardous materials, and creating a demolition plan. Key safety measures are explained like training workers, equipment maintenance, and addressing electrical and fire risks. Finally, common demolition methods are presented including using a wrecking ball, dismantling, pneumatic breakers, and explosives. The conclusion emphasizes that demolition allows for safe, economical and rapid reconstruction when needed.
Navigating the various floodproofing requirements can be cumbersome and overwhelming to a building owner and/or design professional. This presentation explores various resources and best practices to effectively implement floodproofing measures.
Presented by Manny A. Perotin, PE, CFM of CDM Smith at the Association of State Floodplain Managers (ASFPM) 2015 Conference.
This document discusses demolition of buildings. It begins by stating that all structures have a service life period after which they become dangerous if still standing. There are various steps that must be taken before demolition, including surveying, removing hazardous materials, preparing a plan, and creating a stability report. The two main methods of demolition are non-explosive and explosive. Non-explosive demolition is done using equipment like sledgehammers and excavators, while explosive demolition involves removing structural supports to cause the building to fall in a controlled manner. The conclusion states that the demolition method depends on factors like site conditions and economy, and explosive demolition is preferred for larger structures.
The document outlines the demolition work method for building OCR-001. It involves 6 main steps: 1) demolition of the ramp, 2) demolition of the ceiling, 3) demolition of the 1st floor balcony, 4) demolition of the stair, 5) dismantling the scaffolding, and 6) disposal of debris. Various tools such as jackhammers, concrete cutters, pry bars and hands will be used to demolish different structures safely and according to proper procedures. The work will be carried out in segments and with measures to control dust and protect surrounding areas.
Study of Safety in Demolition of BuildingsIRJET Journal
This document discusses safety in the demolition of buildings. It outlines various demolition methods including progressive demolition, controlled demolition, and deconstruction. Progressive demolition involves dismantling parts of the structure piece by piece to avoid collapse, while controlled demolition uses explosives or wire ropes to strategically dismantle load-bearing members. Deconstruction proceeds from the roof down. Equipment used includes wrecking balls, excavators, and explosives for tall buildings. The document also discusses pre-demolition procedures like surveying, hazardous material removal, and safety measures during demolition to protect workers and the public.
This document discusses demolition hazards and controls. It begins by introducing the group members and table of contents. It then defines demolition as the dismantling or destruction of buildings and structures through planned and controlled methods. Various demolition methods are described, including manual demolition, ball and crane demolition, machine demolition, hydraulic rusher demolition, explosive demolition, and using robotic machines. Hazards of demolition like falls, falling debris, dust, and asbestos are outlined. Safety measures to control risks include training, equipment maintenance, electrical safety, fire prevention, and using personal protective equipment.
Construction is the most dangerous sector of work. Many workers are injured or killed each year in accidents on construction sites due to the constantly changing hazards that are difficult to control. Common causes of fatalities are falls from heights, falling objects, and accidents involving ladders, scaffolds, and stairways. Developing countries like Bangladesh have particularly poor safety conditions and regulations in the construction industry, resulting in many injuries and deaths among workers each year. Common accidents include those involving scaffolding, welding, trenches, and toxic gas inhalation. Stricter enforcement of safety plans and protective measures is needed to address the risks on construction sites.
Construction is the most dangerous sector of work due to constantly changing hazards that are difficult to control. Each year many construction workers are injured or killed in accidents. Common causes of fatalities are falls from heights, falling objects, and accidents involving ladders, scaffolds, and stairways. Proper safety management, training, and enforcement of safety procedures are needed to minimize risks and prevent injuries and deaths on construction sites.
UNIT 3 Part A - Safety in Construction & Demolition Operation.pdfPinakRay1
1. The document provides safety guidelines for various aspects of construction and demolition work. It addresses safety precautions for underground works, above ground works, use of machinery, storage of materials, transportation of materials, and more.
2. Key safety measures outlined include wearing proper protective equipment, conducting safety training and audits, establishing security protocols, preparing safe work plans, using signage, and complying with regulations regarding items like chemical storage and first aid.
3. Additional precautions are noted for high-risk activities like underwater work, use of explosives, and preventing issues like falls or explosions. Strict adherence to safety procedures is emphasized throughout all construction and demolition processes.
The document provides information about demolition techniques and safety precautions for demolition. It discusses demolition methods such as manual demolition, demolition by machines, demolition by hydraulic crushers, demolition by wrecking ball, and demolition by explosives including implosion. It also outlines the typical demolition sequence and covers safety topics like protective equipment, temporary supports, training, equipment maintenance, and debris handling.
0-GG010-MZ711-00020 Scaffolding Procedure rev.1 .docxKaty A. Beitia G.
The document outlines scaffolding procedures for the Gatun CCGT Project. It details responsibilities for scaffolding work, including requiring the site manager to comply with Panamanian regulations. It also requires training for scaffold users and erectors, and mandates that scaffolds be designed and constructed to support at least four times the planned load. Scaffolds over 15 meters must be engineered and inspected by a competent person. The procedures are intended to ensure the safe erection, use, inspection and dismantling of all scaffolding used on the project.
The document discusses the demolition of a building. It describes the steps that must be taken before demolition, including surveying the structure, removing hazardous materials, preparing a demolition plan, and creating a stability report. It outlines safety measures that must be followed. It then explains the two main methods of demolition - non-explosive demolition using equipment like sledgehammers, and explosive demolition which uses explosives to strategically remove structural supports to bring the building down in a controlled manner. The conclusion states that the demolition method depends on factors like the site, structure, building age and height, and cost effectiveness, and that explosive demolition is effective for larger structures.
This document provides safety guidelines for working with various types of construction machinery. It outlines requirements for siting machinery safely, fencing dangerous parts, providing safe access, and conducting maintenance and inspections. Specific guidelines are provided for earth moving, lifting, and hoisting machinery. Drivers and signalers must be trained and competent. Machinery must be tested regularly and thoroughly inspected for defects before each shift to ensure safe operation.
28 Edge protection to open edges, shafts and risers Risk Assessment Templates...Dwarika Bhushan Sharma
Project Name: xxx
RA Ref No.: xxx
RA compilation Date: Review date:
Date:
Compiled by:
Reviewed by:
Approved by:
Overall Task Details
Installation of Fall prevention to open edges, lift shafts, risers and penetrations; Relevant Applicable MAS:
• 00235 – Edge protection guard rails
• 00234 – Hole protection risers and penetrations;
• 00233 – Lift shafts; Additional Training required:
Temporary Works Coordinator to be designated NOC’s Required for task:
RISK SCORE CALCULATOR
Use the Risk Score Calculator to Determine the Level of Risk of each Hazard
What would be the
CONSEQUENCE
of an occurrence be? What is the LIKELIHOOD of an occurrence? Hierarchy of Controls
Frequent/Almost certain (5)
Continuous or will happen frequently Often (4)
6 to 12 times a year Likely (3)
1 to 5 times a year Possible (2)
Once every 5 years Rarely (1)
Less than once every 5 years Can the hazard be Eliminated or removed from the work place?
Catastrophic (5)
Multiple Fatalities High 25 High 20 High 15 Medium 10 Medium 5 Can the product or process be substituted for a less hazardous alternative?
Serious (4)
Class 1 single fatality High 20 High 16 High 12 Medium 8 Low 4 Can the hazard be engineered away with guards or barriers?
Moderate (3)
Class2 (AWI or LTI) or Class 1 Permanently disabling effects High 15 High 12 Medium 9 Medium 6 Low 3 Can Administration Controls be adopted
I.e. procedures, job rotation etc.
Minor (2)
Medical attention needed, no work restrictions. MTI Medium10 Medium 8 Medium 6 Low 4 Low 2 Can Personal Protective Equipment & Clothing be worn to safe guard against hazards?
Insignificant (1)
FAI Medium10 Medium 4 Low 3 Low 2 Low 1
No Specific Task Step
(In sequence of works) Hazard Details Consequence/Risk Initial Risk Rating Control Measures Residual Risks Additional Control Measures RR
P S RR
1 Edge protection design and erection standards
(Classified as Temporary Structure) • Trained personnel required;
• Protection specific design; • Use of unsupervised or untrained personnel to erect protection;
• Worker competency;
• Unapproved amendments to design;
4 4 16 HIGH i. The design and erection of temporary structures shall be undertaken by competent persons under control of the designated Temporary Works Supervisor;
ii. Supervision shall be suitably trained and experienced to supervise the erection and dismantling of edge protection;
iii. Temporary Works Coordinator shall be responsible for the collation of permits and collation of records of inspections etc.;
Low
2 Edge protection installation (hand rails, mesh, boards etc.) to leading edges
(Classified as Temporary Structure) • Works at Height;
• Manual Handling; • Injury from Fall from Heights;
• Injury from falling objects;
• Manual Handling injuries;
• Installation of protection; 4 4 16
High i. Safety harness and lanyard are to be used by those installing protection and hooked off to a secure anchor point behind them to restrict access to open edge;
ii.
for the subject offered in GTU, BCT, ace, cm
module 4 demolition of the structure
for the 3rd sem & also for the 6th sem subject and for the master of construction management
Construction Safety Training_Session 07_Construction Demolition, Hazards and ...Muizz Anibire
Learning Objectives
Describe the types of construction demolition work.
Identify the various types of hazards and their control measures in demolition work
Describe demolition management process and general controls
The document provides a property inspection report for a residential property located at 33 Structural Street, Structuralville, WA, 6530, Australia. It was conducted on 25 May 2015 by Geraldton Property Inspections. The report details information about the client, property address, scope of inspection, areas inspected, terminology, and findings. The inspector conducted a visual assessment of the property in accordance with Australian standards and provided descriptions of visible defects and the general condition of the building. [/SUMMARY]
This document discusses the demolition of structures. It begins by stating the objectives of demolition, which are to safely bring down buildings after their service life for safety reasons. It then outlines the steps before demolition, including surveying the structure and removing hazardous materials. Various demolition methods are presented, including piecemeal demolition using hand tools or wrecking balls, mechanical demolition using excavators, and explosive demolition through controlled implosions. Safety precautions for demolition are also addressed.
Building services engineering, technical building services, architectural engineering, building engineering, or facilities and services planning engineering refers to the implementation of the engineering for the internal environment and environmental impact of a building.
Fire safety and means of escape are important issues addressed by building codes and safety acts. Buildings must provide adequate fire escapes and unobstructed exit routes. Walls must have sufficient fire resistance to contain fires. Proper maintenance of escapes, clear exits, and fire prevention equipment is required. Wall construction must use damp proofing and drainage to resist weathering and prevent rising damp.
This document discusses techniques for demolishing structures. It begins with an introduction defining demolition. It then outlines important objectives for demolition such as safety and making way for new construction. The document details steps to take before demolition like surveying, removing hazardous materials, and creating a demolition plan. Key safety measures are explained like training workers, equipment maintenance, and addressing electrical and fire risks. Finally, common demolition methods are presented including using a wrecking ball, dismantling, pneumatic breakers, and explosives. The conclusion emphasizes that demolition allows for safe, economical and rapid reconstruction when needed.
Navigating the various floodproofing requirements can be cumbersome and overwhelming to a building owner and/or design professional. This presentation explores various resources and best practices to effectively implement floodproofing measures.
Presented by Manny A. Perotin, PE, CFM of CDM Smith at the Association of State Floodplain Managers (ASFPM) 2015 Conference.
This document discusses demolition of buildings. It begins by stating that all structures have a service life period after which they become dangerous if still standing. There are various steps that must be taken before demolition, including surveying, removing hazardous materials, preparing a plan, and creating a stability report. The two main methods of demolition are non-explosive and explosive. Non-explosive demolition is done using equipment like sledgehammers and excavators, while explosive demolition involves removing structural supports to cause the building to fall in a controlled manner. The conclusion states that the demolition method depends on factors like site conditions and economy, and explosive demolition is preferred for larger structures.
The document outlines the demolition work method for building OCR-001. It involves 6 main steps: 1) demolition of the ramp, 2) demolition of the ceiling, 3) demolition of the 1st floor balcony, 4) demolition of the stair, 5) dismantling the scaffolding, and 6) disposal of debris. Various tools such as jackhammers, concrete cutters, pry bars and hands will be used to demolish different structures safely and according to proper procedures. The work will be carried out in segments and with measures to control dust and protect surrounding areas.
Study of Safety in Demolition of BuildingsIRJET Journal
This document discusses safety in the demolition of buildings. It outlines various demolition methods including progressive demolition, controlled demolition, and deconstruction. Progressive demolition involves dismantling parts of the structure piece by piece to avoid collapse, while controlled demolition uses explosives or wire ropes to strategically dismantle load-bearing members. Deconstruction proceeds from the roof down. Equipment used includes wrecking balls, excavators, and explosives for tall buildings. The document also discusses pre-demolition procedures like surveying, hazardous material removal, and safety measures during demolition to protect workers and the public.
This document discusses demolition hazards and controls. It begins by introducing the group members and table of contents. It then defines demolition as the dismantling or destruction of buildings and structures through planned and controlled methods. Various demolition methods are described, including manual demolition, ball and crane demolition, machine demolition, hydraulic rusher demolition, explosive demolition, and using robotic machines. Hazards of demolition like falls, falling debris, dust, and asbestos are outlined. Safety measures to control risks include training, equipment maintenance, electrical safety, fire prevention, and using personal protective equipment.
Construction is the most dangerous sector of work. Many workers are injured or killed each year in accidents on construction sites due to the constantly changing hazards that are difficult to control. Common causes of fatalities are falls from heights, falling objects, and accidents involving ladders, scaffolds, and stairways. Developing countries like Bangladesh have particularly poor safety conditions and regulations in the construction industry, resulting in many injuries and deaths among workers each year. Common accidents include those involving scaffolding, welding, trenches, and toxic gas inhalation. Stricter enforcement of safety plans and protective measures is needed to address the risks on construction sites.
Construction is the most dangerous sector of work due to constantly changing hazards that are difficult to control. Each year many construction workers are injured or killed in accidents. Common causes of fatalities are falls from heights, falling objects, and accidents involving ladders, scaffolds, and stairways. Proper safety management, training, and enforcement of safety procedures are needed to minimize risks and prevent injuries and deaths on construction sites.
UNIT 3 Part A - Safety in Construction & Demolition Operation.pdfPinakRay1
1. The document provides safety guidelines for various aspects of construction and demolition work. It addresses safety precautions for underground works, above ground works, use of machinery, storage of materials, transportation of materials, and more.
2. Key safety measures outlined include wearing proper protective equipment, conducting safety training and audits, establishing security protocols, preparing safe work plans, using signage, and complying with regulations regarding items like chemical storage and first aid.
3. Additional precautions are noted for high-risk activities like underwater work, use of explosives, and preventing issues like falls or explosions. Strict adherence to safety procedures is emphasized throughout all construction and demolition processes.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...Prakhyath Rai
Software Testing: A Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Strategic Issues, Test Strategies for Conventional Software, Test Strategies for Object -Oriented Software, Validation Testing, System Testing, The Art of Debugging.
Agile Methodology: Before Agile – Waterfall, Agile Development.
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Demolition Work.pdf
1. Part 7
Construction Practices and Safety 7-57
Chapter 4
DEMOLITION WORK
4.1 PRELIMINARY PROCEDURE
4.1.1 General
The safety provisions specified in this chapter shall apply to demolition and dismantling of all types of buildings
and structures in addition to the safety requirements mentioned in Chapter 3.
4.1.2 Planning
Before commencing the demolition work, a detailed survey and study shall be made of the structure to be
demolished and the structures in its surroundings. This shall include the manner in which the various parts of
the building to be demolished are supported and how far the demolition will affect the safety of the
surrounding structures. Planning for demolition and safety of adjoining structures shall be made accordingly.
The sequence of operations shall be planned by an Engineer-in-charge recognized by the Authority as having
experience in demolition work of similar magnitude. No deviation from the approved plan shall be permitted
without the approval of the Engineer-in-charge. Before the commencement of each stage of demolition, the
foreman shall brief the workmen in detail regarding the safety aspects to be kept in view.
Demolition of buildings and structures shall be carried out under supervision of qualified Engineer and with prior
notification to the AUTHORITY as prescribed by the latter.
The Authority may require the permittee to submit the plans and a schedule of demolition. Neighbors and
public shall be notified of the intended demolition through newspaper or other media. The extent, duration and
time of the demolition shall be clearly specified in the notice.
4.1.3 Protection of Adjoining Property
A written notice shall be delivered to the owner of each potentially affected plot, building or structure at least a
week in advance of the commencement of work. The notice shall request written permission to enter the plot,
building or structure prior to the commencement of work and as and when required during the work to inspect
and preserve them from damage.
Owner of the structure to be demolished or dismantled shall under all circumstances preserve and protect the
adjoining lot, building or structure from damage or injury. This shall be done at his own expense.
In case damage to the adjoining property is imminent, the demolition operation shall be stopped forthwith and
shall not be restarted until the necessary measures to prevent such damage have been taken. All waste
materials and debris from the demolition shall be removed immediately.
If the owner of the property to be demolished is denied entry to an adjoining structure, he shall immediately
notify the Authority in writing of such denial. In this situation, the Authority may hold the adjoining property
owner fully responsible for any damage to his property.
4.1.4 Precautions prior to Demolition
Demolition of any building shall not commence until the required pedestrian protection structures in
accordance with 4.1.5 have been built. Building or structure damaged by fire, flood, explosion or earthquake,
shall be protected from collapse by way of bracing, shoring etc. before demolition is commenced.
Permission shall be secured from the Authority for using explosives. General public and owners of the adjoining
properties shall be notified beforehand of such use. All precautions as required by Sec 2.2.5.3 and Sec 4.3 shall
have to be ensured before, during and after the use of the explosives.
2. Part 7
Construction Practices and Safety
7-58 Vol. 7
Danger signs shall be posted round the property; this shall conform to the relevant sections of Part 10. All
entrances shall be barricaded or manned. At least two independent exits shall be provided at night; warning
lights shall be placed above all barricades during the night and dark hours. Even when work is not in progress,
watchmen shall be provided to prevent unauthorized entry of the public in the danger zone.
4.1.5 Protection of Public
Safe distances shall be clearly marked and prominent signs posted. Every sidewalk and road adjacent to the site
shall be either closed or protected. All public roads shall be kept open and unobstructed at all times unless
unavoidable circumstances arise.
If a covered walk is not necessary in the opinion of the Engineer-in-charge he shall issue a permit to block off
part of the sidewalk and have a temporary walk provided. Pedestrians shall be provided with diversion roads or
alternate protection as specified in Sec 1.7 and Table 7.4.1.
All utility lines shall be disconnected upon the approval of the concerned Authorities. Temporary service
connection for the demolition work shall be taken separately. See Sec 3.3.9 and 3.3.12 for other requirements.
Workmen shall be provided with all necessary safety appliances as specified in the following sections and in
Chapter 3 prior to the start of work. Safety precautions for fire shall be provided.
The site shall be thoroughly cleaned of combustible materials and debris before commencement of demolition.
4.1.6 Sidewalk Shed and Canopies
A toe board at least 1 m high above the roof of the shed shall be provided on the outside edge and ends of the
sidewalk shed. Such boards may be vertical or inclined outward at no more than
450 angle with the vertical. The side of the shed adjacent to the building shall be completely blocked by
planking/sheeting.
The roof of sidewalk sheds shall be capable of sustaining a load of 7 kPa. Impact of falling debris shall be
considered in designing and constructing the shed. Maximum load on the roof of the shed shall be maintained
below 12 kPa.
The flooring of the sidewalk shed shall consist of closely laid planks with a minimum thickness of 50 mm made
watertight. Only in exceptional cases, temporary storage on the sidewalk shed may be permitted; in such
situation, the roof of the shed shall be designed for sustaining 14 kPa.
Entrances to the building shall be protected by canopies extending at least 2.5 m from the building facade. Such
overhead protection shall be at least 600 mm wider than the entrance, and 2.5 m in height.
4.2 PRECAUTIONS DURING DEMOLOTION
4.2.1 General
The owner shall provide protection against all damages or loss of life and property during demolition. Constant
supervision shall be provided during a demolition work by a competent and experienced engineer.
The demolition site shall be provided with natural and artificial lighting and ventilation.
All existing features required during demolition operations shall be well protected with substantial covering to
the entire satisfaction of the rules and regulations of the undertakings or they shall be temporarily relocated.
For a building or structure more than 8 m or two stories high, all windows and exterior wall openings that are
within 6 m of floor opening used for the passage of debris from floors above, shall be solidly boarded. Openings
in floors below the level of demolition, not used for removal of materials or debris, shall be barricaded or
covered by planks.
4.2.2 Sequence of Demolition Operation
The demolition shall proceed in descending order and storey by storey. All work in the upper floor shall be
completed and approved by the engineer prior to disturbing any supporting member on the lower floor.
3. Demolition Work Chapter 4
Bangladesh National Building Code 2012 7-59
Demolition of the structure in sections may be permitted in exceptional cases only if necessary precautions are
ensured. The demolition work shall proceed within such a way that:
it causes the least damage and nuisance to the adjoining building and the members of the public, and
it satisfies all safety requirements to avoid any accidents.
Table 7.4.1: Type of Protection Required for Pedestrians near a Demolition Site
Horizontal Distance from inside
of the Sidewalk to the Structure
Height* to Horizontal
Distance Ratio
Type of Minimum
Protection Required
Less than 3m
Over 3 m to less than 4.5 m
Over 4.5 to less than 7.5 m
Over 7.5 m to less than 12 m
12 m and more
6:1 or more
4:1 to 6:1
3:1 to 4:1
2:1 to 3:1
up to 2:1
10:1 or more
6:1 to 10:1
4:1 to 6:1
3:1 to 4:1
up to 3:1
15:1 or more
10:1 to 15:1
6:1 to 10:1
4:1 to 6:1
up to 4:1
15:1 or more
10:1 to 15:1
6:1 to 10:1
up to 6:1
10:1 or more
up to 10:1
Type A
Type B
Type C
Type D
Type E
Type A
Type B
Type C
Type D
Type E
Type A
Type B
Type C
Type D
Type E
Type B
Type C
Type D
Type E
Type D
Type E
Type A: Total blockade of the road;
Type B: Temporary diversion over the entire length of the footpath adjacent to the structure;
Type C: A sidewalk shed for the entire length, in accordance with Sec 4.1.6;
Type D: A fence of tightly seated 25 mm planks, minimum height 2.5m;
Type E: A railing at least 1.5m high with mid rail and cross bracing.
* Height of the building or portion thereof to be demolished
4.2.3 Wall
Walls shall be removed part by part in reasonably level courses. No wall or any part of the structure shall be left
in a condition that may collapse or be toppled by wind, vibration etc.
Fall of the demolished wall in large chunks, which endangers the adjoining property or exceeds the safe load
capacity of the floor below, shall be avoided. Debris shall be removed at frequent intervals to avoid piling up
and overloading of any structural member.
Platforms shall be provided for demolition of walls less than one and half brick thick. Lateral bracing shall be
provided for sections of walls having a height more than 22 times its thickness, or otherwise considered
unsound. No workman shall stand on any wall to remove materials; staging or scaffold shall be provided at a
maximum of 3.5 m below the top of the wall.
4. Part 7
Construction Practices and Safety
7-60 Vol. 7
At the end of each day’s work, all walls shall be left stable to avoid any danger of getting overturned.
Foundation walls which serve as retaining walls shall not be demolished until the adjoining structure has been
underpinned or braced and the earth removed.
4.2.4 Floor
Support/centering shall be provided prior to removal of masonry or concrete floor. Planks of sufficient strength
shall be used in shuttering. No person shall be allowed to work in an area underneath a floor being removed;
such areas shall be barricaded.
The total area of a hole cut in any intermediate floor for dropping debris shall not exceed 25% of that floors'
area. No barricades or rails for guarding the floor hole shall be removed until the storey immediately above has
been demolished down to the floor line and all debris cleared from the floor.
In cutting holes in a floor which spans in one direction, at first, a maximum 300 mm wide slit shall be cut along
the entire length of the slab; the slit shall be increased gradually thereafter.
Planks of sufficient width, not less than 50 mm thick, 250 mm wide and 2 m long shall be provided at spacing
not greater than 400 mm for the workmen to work. These shall be so spaced as to firmly support the workmen
against any floor collapse.
4.2.5 Special Elements
4.2.5.1 Catch Platform
Catch platform shall be provided during demolition of exterior walls of structures more than 20 m in height.
These shall be constructed and maintained not more than three storeys below the storey from which exterior
wall is being demolished.
Catch platform shall not be used for storage or dumping of materials. These shall be capable of sustaining a
minimum live load of 7 kPa. The out-riggers shall not be placed more than 3 m apart.
Additional requirements of Sec 1.4.3 and Sec 4.1.6 shall also be followed.
4.2.5.2 Stairs, Passageways and Ladders
Make-shift stairs with railings, passageways, and ladders shall be left in place as long as possible, and
maintained in a safe condition. They shall not be removed from their position unless instructed by the foreman.
See also Sec 3.5.3 and Sec 3.13.1 for additional requirements.
4.2.5.3 Roof Trusses and Steel Structures
Structural frame of a pitched roof shall be removed to wall plate level by hand methods. Sufficient purlins and
bracing shall be retained to ensure stability of the remaining roof truss while each individual truss is removed
progressively. The bottom tie of roof trusses shall not be cut until the principal rafters are secured against
making outward movement.
Temporary bracing shall be provided, where necessary, to maintain stability. All trusses except the one being
dismantled shall be independently and securely guyed in both directions before work starts.
Hoisting gear suitable for the loads to be lifted shall be provided. A truss or a part thereof shall not be put on a
floor; it may be allowed to rest only temporarily on the floor below if it can be ensured that the floor is capable
of taking the load.
The steel frame may be left in place during demolition of masonry work. All steel beams/girders shall be cleared
of all loose materials as the demolition of masonry work progresses downward provided it is still strong enough
to stand as an independent structure.
4.2.5.4 Heavy Floor Beam
Heavy timber and steel beams shall be supported before cutting at the extremities. Beams shall be lowered
gently and kept in a distant place without obstructing any passageway.
5. Demolition Work Chapter 4
Bangladesh National Building Code 2012 7-61
4.2.5.5 Jack Arch
Arches shall be demolished by standing on scaffolding clear of the arch. Tie rods between main supporting
beams shall not be cut until the arch or series of arches have been removed. The floor shall be demolished in
strips parallel to the span of the arch rings at right angles to the main floor beam.
4.2.5.6 Brick Arch
Abutments shall not be removed before the dead load of the spandrel fall and the arch rings are removed. A
single span arch can be demolished by hand cutting narrow segments progressively from each springing parallel
to the span of the arch until its width has been reduced to a minimum.
The remainder of the arch can then be collapsed.
The crown may be demolished by the demolition ball method progressively from edges to the centre. Explosives
may be used for a complete collapse of the structure by inserting charges into bore holes drilled in both the arch
and the abutments.
In multi-span arches, lateral restraint shall be provided at the springing level before individual arches are
removed. Demolition procedures as for single span may then be applied. Special temporary support shall be
provided in the case of skew bridges.
No partial demolition leaving unstable portion standing shall be allowed. Where debris cannot be allowed to fall
to the ground, centering capable of carrying load of the debris shall be designed and provided accordingly.
4.2.5.7 Cast-in-Situ RC
Before commencing demolition, the nature and condition of concrete and position of reinforcement and the
possibility of lack of continuity of reinforcement shall be ascertained.
Demolition of cast-in-situ RC members shall start by removing partitions and external non load bearing cladding
and other decorative features.
Reinforced concrete beams shall be demolished one at a time after the slabs have been removed.
Ties shall be attached to the beam to support the beam when suspended.
The reinforcement near the supports shall first be exposed by drilling with pneumatic drill and removing the
concrete. The reinforcement shall then be cut at both supports in such a way as to allow the beam to be
lowered to the floor or the ground under control.
RC columns and any other supporting columns of one level shall only be demolished after all other building
elements of that level have been completely removed.
The reinforcement in columns shall be exposed at the base after restraining wire guy ropes have been placed
round the member at the top. The reinforcement shall then be cut in a way to allow it to be pulled down to the
floor or the ground under control.
Reinforced concrete walls shall be cut into strips and demolished in the same way as concrete columns.
4.2.5.8 Precast RC
Supports and joints of precast RC blocks shall be removed and the member lowered to the ground or floor
below before demolition is performed. Precautions in the form of providing temporary supports or balancing
weights shall be taken to avoid toppling over of prefabricated units or any other part of the structure.
4.2.5.9 Suspended Floor, Roof and Cantilevered Structure
Suspended floor and roof slabs shall be cut into strips parallel to the main reinforcement and demolished strip
by strip. For ribbed floors, the principle of design and method of construction shall be considered and
procedures determined accordingly.
Ribs and beams shall never be cut at their mid-span and without securing by ties. Cantilevered portions,
canopies, cornices, staircases and balconies shall be demolished after providing support to the portion before
demolition of the main structure.
6. Part 7
Construction Practices and Safety
7-62 Vol. 7
4.2.6 Mechanical Demolition
Mechanical demolition shall be restricted to a height of 25 m. When mechanical devices, such as weight ball and
power shovels are used in demolition work, the area shall be barricaded up to a minimum distance of one and a
half times the height of the wall in addition to the requirements laid out in Table 7.4.1.
While the mechanical device is in operation, no person shall be allowed to enter the building.
Location of the devices shall be such that it is neither hit by falling debris nor it causes any damage to adjacent
structure, power line, etc.
4.2.7 Miscellaneous
No demolition work shall be carried out at night, or during storm or heavy rain. If demolition has to be done at
night, precautions in the form of red warning signals, sirens, working lights and watchmen shall be provided.
Auditory warning devices shall be installed at the demolition site.
Safety devices like industrial safety helmets (BDS 1265, BDS 1266), boots, gloves, goggles made of celluloid lens
(BDS 1360), safety belts (BDS 1359) etc. shall be used by the workmen.
First aid box shall be made available at all demolition sites. In fire-risk area, appropriate portable fire fighting
appliances shall be kept at hand. See also Sec 3.11.2 and Sec 3.11.3.
4.3 BLASTING OPERATION AND USE OF EXPLOSIVES
4.3.1 General
Before any work involving the use of explosives is started, a detailed survey and examination of the site,
buildings or structures and adjoining areas and property shall be made. Due care shall be taken to avoid
disruptions or damage to underground wells, tunnels, storage tanks etc.
Proximity of underground and over ground services shall be carefully considered before blasting operations are
carried out. Relevant authorities responsible for concealed underground works shall be duly consulted. Special
attention shall be paid to the presence of power cables, radio and television transmitting stations sited within 3
km of the site.
Experts shall be consulted before proceeding with any work where sources of danger like flammable gases or
liquids, sewage and drainage, unexploded missiles or mines, waste, explosive etc. are likely to be found. Also see
Sec 4.1.
4.3.2 Code of Signal
Before any blasting commences on the construction or demolition site, both audible and visual signaling
systems giving warning of blasting operations shall be established. These shall be such that they can be clearly
heard and seen by site personnel working within the site areas, and also by the general public who may be
affected.
Audible warnings shall comprise a series of readily recognizable signals with a distinctive tone. The Code of
signals, once established for a particular site, shall not be altered without good reason and adequate warning to
personnel.
Visual signs shall comprise clearly painted notices posted on all access roads to the site. Sentries shall be posted
at the entries at blasting times with clear instructions; if necessary, they shall warn personnel who failed to hear
warning signals or see signs.
4.3.3 Supervision and Responsibility
Only competent persons shall be employed as shot firers. When subcontractors are taking part in the work on
same site, the main contractor shall ensure a close liaison and collaboration with other contractors.
All site personnel present during blasting operations shall come under the control of the shotfirer.
All explosives shall be under the control of the shotfirer.
7. Demolition Work Chapter 4
Bangladesh National Building Code 2012 7-63
The handling of explosives on the site shall be restricted to personnel who are required to do so in the discharge
of their duties and who are authorized in writing by the engineer. All site personnel shall be warned against
maltreatment of explosives and blasting accessories.
4.3.4 Protection of site Personnel and Installations
The contractor shall provide all tools and equipment used in charging and firing blasts. The shotfirer shall inform
the engineer the necessity of replacing any item. Shot firing cables shall be examined before use for cuts or
abraded insulation.
Circuit testers and exploders shall be handled with care and used and maintained according to the
manufacturer's instructions; any malfunction shall immediately be reported and repair shall be carried out only
by a competent person.
The area where explosives are to be used shall be defined before the charging of blasts. Vehicles and other
mobile equipment shall be prohibited from entering the defined blast area, except as required to deliver or
remove explosives.
All personnel shall be instructed as to what places of shelter they are to take up during blasting operations.
Mobile plant and equipment shall be moved to a place of shelter and switched off when a blast is to be fired.
After a blast, no personnel shall be allowed to return to the danger area until the shotfirer has conducted a
general examination and declared the site safe. The shotfirer shall not return to the blasting site until at least 5
min has elapsed after firing.
Electric detonators shall only be carried in boxes made of non conducting materials, with a lid and catch. The
shotfirer shall maintain a check on the number of detonators used against number issued. The boxes shall be
kept locked until detonators are needed.
Blasting shall not be carried out in confined spaces without adequate ventilation; positive ventilation at the
working face shall be maintained at all times.
No members shall be cut until precautions have been taken to prevent it from swinging freely. All structural
steel members shall be lowered from the building and shall not be allowed to drop.
4.3.5 Safety of Third Parties
The safety of persons who reside or work in the vicinity of the site shall be considered. Where necessary, they
shall be advised to vacate their homes or offices during blasting operations. In addition to notices giving warning
of blasting on all roads and paths approaching the site, sentries shall be posted to maintain surveillance around
the site when blasting is in progress.
Blasts shall normally be fired during the hours of daylights. The blasting technique and period shall be chosen so
that any annoyance to the general public from noise, ground vibration, dust etc. is reduced to a minimum.
In heavily built-up areas, small-scale short delay blasting techniques employing light charges in small diameter
holes shall be adopted. In such situations, short holes shall be carefully placed and charge weights correctly
chosen. Sand bags, blasting mats or other screening material of suitable construction shall be placed over the
top of each hole.
4.3.6 Use of Explosives
A sketch plan with sufficient duplicate copies shall be prepared for each blast. Before the explosive is deposited
at the point of use, a check shall first be made of the depth of each shot hole. The engineer shall be informed of
any departure from the planned arrangement.
Exposure to any compressive action or severe effect of a similar kind shall be avoided and grinding, scouring or
rubbing actions eliminated. The vigorous use of stemming rods to force explosives into a hole shall be avoided.
There shall be adequate clearance to allow easy insertion of the cartridges into the shot holes. The wrapping of
the explosive cartridge shall not be removed, nor the cartridge be cut.
Primers shall not be made up in a magazine, or near excessive quantity of explosives, or in excess of immediate
use. No attempt shall be made to use fuses, blasting caps, or explosives which have been water soaked. No
attempt shall be made to soften hard set explosives by heating or rolling.
8. Part 7
Construction Practices and Safety
7-64 Vol. 7
A bore hole shall not be loaded with explosives after springing unless it is cool and does not contain any hot
metal. Temperature in excess of 65oC is dangerous. A bore hole near another hole loaded with explosives shall
not be sprung.
No attempt shall be made to slit, drop, deform or abuse the primer. No metallic device shall be used in tamping.
Wooden tamping tools with no exposed metal parts except non sparking metal connectors for jointed poles
shall be used.
4.3.7 Blasting Accessories
No person shall attempt to uncoil the wires and open out the short circuited bare leading wires of the electric
blasting cap during approach of dust storm, or near sources of large charge of static electricity or near a radio
transmitter. Firing circuit shall be kept completely insulated from the ground, other conductors, paths or stray
current.
Except at the time and for the purpose of firing the blast, there shall be no electric live wires or cables near
electric blasting caps or other explosives. All wire ends to be connected shall be bright and clean. The electric
cap wires or leading wires shall be kept short-circuited until ready to fire.
All electric blasting caps shall be tested both singly and when connected to a circuit. Electrical blasting caps
made by more than one manufacturer or electric blasting caps of different design or function, even if made by
the same manufacturer, shall not be used in the same circuit. These shall not be fired by less than the minimum
current specified by the manufacturer.
Where energy for blasting is taken from power circuits, the voltage shall not exceed 220 V. A safety switch, the
same type as the blasting switch, shall be installed between the blasting switch and the firing circuit and lead
lines at a distance not exceeding 1800 mm from the blasting switch.
Both safety switch and blasting switch shall be locked in the open position immediately after firing the shot. Key
to the switches shall remain with the shotfirer at all times. Blasting shall be carried out using suitable exploder
with 25% excess capacity.
Rubber covered or other adequately insulated copper wires shall be used for firing lines; sufficient firing line
shall be provided. Single conductor lead lines shall be used. All holes loaded on a shift shall be fired on the same
shift.
In very cold weather, the safety fuse shall be slightly warmed before using. Short fuse shall not be used. The
length of a fuse shall be at least 1200 mm and the maximum burning rate 600 mm/min.
A fuse shall not be cut until the blasting cap is ready. The fuse shall be cut squarely across about 50mm with a
clean and sharp blade to ensure a dry end.
The fuse shall not be twisted after it has been seated lightly against the cap charge. Blasting caps shall not be
crimped except by a cap crimper designed for the purpose. The cap shall be squarely crimped to the face.
The fuse shall be lighted with a fuse lighter designed for the purpose. It shall not be lighted until sufficient
stemming has been placed over the explosives. The explosives shall not be held in hands when lighting the fuse.
In case of firing with safety fuse, the number of loud reports shall be counted; in the event of misfire, no person
shall be allowed to the blasting site for at least 30 minutes. An inspection for remaining of un-detonated
explosives shall be made; all misfired shot holes shall be marked.
If the misfire is due to faulty wiring or connection, the defect shall be remedied and the shot fired.
The stemming shall be floated out by using hose water until the hole has been opened to within 600 mm of the
charge; the water shall be siphoned out thereafter and a new charge placed or, a new hole drilled 600 mm away
from the old bore and parallel to it and about 300 mm less in depth and the new hole charged and duly fired.
9. Demolition Work Chapter 4
Bangladesh National Building Code 2012 7-65
4.4 LOWERING, REMOVAL AND DISPOSAL OF MATERIALS
4.4.1 General
No material shall be dropped or thrown on the ground or outside the exterior walls. They shall be lowered
either in containers or by ropes, tackles, properly designed wood or metal chutes etc.
When the removal of any material causes an excessive amount of dust, it shall be wet before lowering or
dropping, if feasible. Tag lines shall be used on all materials being lowered or hoisted up and a standard signal
system shall be used and the workmen instructed on the signals. No person shall be permitted to ride the load
line.
4.4.2 Use of Chutes
Chutes, if provided, shall be at the centre of the building. It shall have an angle of more than 45o with the
horizontal, and shall be entirely closed on all sides except at the opening for receiving the material. The chute
opening shall be kept locked. The top opening of chute shall be protected with guard rails.
Debris may be dropped through holes in the floor, if absolutely necessary. Precautions shall be taken to avoid
overloading of the floor with debris. The debris dropping area shall be protected by rails.
4.4.3 Removal of Debris
Temporary stacking of demolished materials at the site shall be done in a manner ensuring fire prevention and
orderly removal. Debris shall be removed from the site as soon as possible. Materials like glass, nails, etc. shall
not be strewn about. Standard precautions to prevent fire from debris shall be taken.
4.4.4 Disposal of Materials
Demolished materials shall be disposed off according to their salvage value. Materials, which can be re-used,
shall be salvaged and re-used with the approval of the owner.
Rubbish having no salvage value shall be removed from the site and disposed off according to the local statutory
rules and regulations. Rubbish of combustible materials shall be disposed off immediately. All such operations
shall have the approval of the owner.
4.4.5 Regularization of Plots
If there is no immediate construction planned on the plot vacant after demolition, it shall be filled, graded and
maintained in conformity to the established street grades at curb level. The plot shall be maintained free from
the accumulation of rubbish and water, and all other unsafe and hazardous conditions.
Provisions shall be made to prevent damage to any foundation on the premises or on the adjoining property. All
previous service connections shall be capped.