The document outlines the 4 stages of the demographic transition model: Stage 1 has high birth and death rates with a low rate of natural increase due to short lifespans and large families for survival. Stage 2 sees a declining death rate and increasing natural rate of increase due to improved lifespans. Stage 3 begins declining birth rates as social changes reduce family sizes. Stage 4 has low birth and death rates and a low natural rate of increase due to accessible education, employment, and standards of living for women.

1. The Demographic
Transition - REDUX

3. Stage 1
•High birth and death
rates
•Low rate of natural
increase
•Socioeconomic factors:
• Short life expectancy
•People have more
kids to increase
survival of some
children

4. Stage 2
•High birth rate; death rate
starts declining
•High rate of natural
increase
•Socioeconomic factors:
• Increasing life
expectancy as death
rate declines
•Medical advances,
sanitation
improvements, access
to food and clean water

5. Stage 3
Late Industrial
•Birth rate starts declining;
death rate continues to
decline
•Declining rate of natural
increase
•Socioeconomic factors:
• Social changes as
people realize don’t
need large families
•Population growth
starts to decline as
result

6. Stage 4
Post Industrial
•Birth rates and death
rates both low
•Low rate of natural
increase (RNI)
•Socioeconomic factors:
• Access of education
and employment for
women is associated
with low birth rates,
as is a higher standard
of living.

7. Rate of Natural
Increase

8. The Result
 The country will transition from high birth and death rates
to low birth and death rates.
 The RNI transitions from low, high, declining, to low.
 The population of a country transitions from low at the
start of the demographic transition to high at the end.

9. Summary
 The demographic transition explains the transition of a
population from high birth and death rates to low birth
and death rates.
 The changes we see are a result of urbanization and
industrialization.
 The two big socioeconomic changes are:
 Technological advances – drops in death rates showing
everywhere.
 Changes in social customs resulting in declining birth
rates…still waiting.