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Democratization in Libya
- 1. Democratization in Libya Pastrana, Mary Grace B. IV-BSITE
- 2. HISTORY • Howand when it started? • When Muammar Gaddafi’s Administration (1969 to 2011) brought down. • Died on October 20, 2011 during the Battle at Sirte
- 3. HISTORY ANTI-GADAFFI FORCES • National Transitional Council - Feb. 27, 2011 • NATO forces intervened - March 21, 2011
- 4. HISTORY • InJuly 2012, Libyans voted in its first national election • Turnout at 62% of registered voters • 2.8 million registered voters from around 3-3.5 million eligible • 374 party lists • 559 women registered for party seats (44%) (source: The UN and the Libyan Electoral High Commission)
- 5. HISTORY Most powerful forces: • National Forces Alliance, led by ex-interim Prime MinisterMahmoud Jibril Justice and Construction Party Libyan Muslim Brotherhood of Mohamed Sawan National Front Party a liberal group led by an intellectual Mohamed el-Magariaf
- 6. HISTORY • AliZeidan, Prime Minister of Libya ( a former diplomat who abandoned Gaddafi’s forces in the 1980s) • Mohammed Magarief, Libya's head of state
- 7. DEMOGRAPHICS • TotalArea: 1,759,540 sq km • Population: 6,002,347 (July 2013 est) • Religon: Sunni Muslim 97% Other 3%
- 8. Location: Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt Egypt and Tunisia DEMOGRAPHICS
- 9. DEMOGRAPHICS Who arethe parties involved? Muammar Guaddafi Anti-Gaddafi Forces NATO Forces International Criminal Court
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- 11. ECONOMIC FACTORS •Libya sits on the biggest reserves of oil in Africa. • Oil and gas production account for: 65 % of the country’s GDP, 96 % of exports, and 98 % of government revenues
- 12. ECONOMIC FACTORS •Current Unemployment Rate: 30% • Majority of those employed are working in the public sector and the government hopes to reduce this by relocating workers into the private sector.
- 13. POLITICAL GROUPS •National Forces Alliance • Justice and Construction Party (Libyan Muslim Brotherhood) • National Front Party
- 14. POLITICAL FACTORS •(Election was held ) General National Congress to replace NTC. • NTC officially dissolved. • July 7, 2012 • August 8, 2012
- 15. POLITICAL FACTORS •National Transitional Council issued a Constitutional Declaration. • August 3, 2011 (37 articles) • A 01-06 : Libya as a State • A 07-15: Civil rights and Public Freedom • A 16-29: Operation of the Government • A 30-32: Judiciary • A 33-37: Conclusive Provisions
- 16. PSYCHOCULTURAL FACTORS Relationship between Libya and UK Higher Education • TVET UK signed an Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Libyan Board. “to help build the necessary and appropriate industrial trades and technical skills capability and capacity for current and future of Libya”
- 17. PSYCHOCULTURAL FACTORS Relationship between Libya and UK Higher Education • Training for Libya’s young population. (70 percent are under the age of 30)
- 18. PSYCHOCULTURAL FACTORS Rewriting of Curriculum • Includes 160 Libyan experts o Get rid of subjects like Al-Mujtama Al Jamahariya (studying of “green book”) o Changes in geography subject o Add Islamic Consciosness Subject
- 19. PSYCHOCULTURAL FACTORS •Language Training • Libyans Studying Abroad 7,009 Libyans studying overseas at the tertiary level in 2010 (UK, Malaysia, US, France, Canada)
- 20. PSYCHOCULTURAL FACTORS Scholarship Programs Overseas scholarship program (Libyan Committee for Higher Education) Libyan-North American Scholarship Program (Canadian Bureau for International Education )
- 21. PSYCHOCULTURAL FACTORS •Libya is also developing information technology infrastructures: o to better connect universities, and o provide access to academic research databases.
- 22. RELIGION • ReligiousFreedom • Islam • Christians • Catholics • Anglicans
- 23. Thank you Pastrana, Mary Grace B. IV-BSITE