2. NAME: DHVANI RAJYAGURU
PAPER CODE: 22416
PAPER NO.:209
PAPER NAME: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PRESENTATION TOPIC :PLAGIARISM: CONCEPT,TYPES AND
SOLUTION
ROLL NO:04
EMAIL ID: dhvanirajyaguru22@gmail.com
DEP NAME:DEP OF ENGLISH,MKBU UNIVERSITY,BHAVNAGAR.
5. Introduction
According to Bertram Gallant:
❏ Important Issue
❏ Increasing Plagiarism
Acc to Hart and Friesner:
❏ It has acquired new and different methods compared to the past
❏ Ben Jonson was the first one to sue the term plagiarism in the
early 17th century.
❏ It was hard for authors to protect their writings before devising.
❏ copyright laws. But as plagiarism increased in the 18th century
and copyright laws were consequently clearly defined and devised
by the middle of the century, plagiarists faced a change in the
public opinion and strong ethical viewpoints towards
plagiarism.(Mallon)
6. ❏ Lauren Mechling quotes statistics offered by a university-sponsored
consortium: “According to a recent article in The New York Times, Duke
University’s Center for Academic Integrity says 40% of college students
admit to plagiarizing off the Internet, up from 10% in 1999.”
❏ The BBC News, meanwhile, alludes to an “epidemic” of plagiarism, invoking
the metaphor of disease—disease spreading uncontrollably—as a frame for
understanding plagiarism. (Jstore)
7. Terminology, Definitions and
Idioms of Plagiarism:
According to the Persian dictionary of Dehkhoda,
which is mentioned by Bahadori :
The word “steal” means “taking away somebody’s possession with deception and
tricks” or “to take hold of something without the right to do so”
The word plagiarism comes from the word “plagarius”, meaning kidnapper, robber,
misleader, and literary thief.
In Webster’s Dictionary, a plagiarist is defined as:
“ascribing others’ ideas, processes, results and words to oneself without due
acknowledgement”(“Rules of the Game of Scientific Writing: Fair Play and
Plagiarism.”)
“when we steal an idea from one author, it will be called plagiarism, but when
we do it from a few authors, it is called research” (Bartlett and Kaplan)
Vessal and Habibzadeh take plagiarism to be
Wilson Mizner states that
According Barnhart and Steinmetz mentions in
article:
“One who plagiarizes, or purloins the words, writings, or ideas of another, and
passes them off as his own; a literary thief”(Austin)
8. Factors of Plagiarism
According to Dordoy,
❏ The most important factors influencing
plagiarism include laziness or
mismanagement of time, easy access to
materials on the Internet, unawareness of
rules and regulations and unwitting
plagiarizing. (Bahadori)
❏ Some other factors causing plagiarism are
low commitment to the learning process
and focusing on getting an academic
degree, the student life style, family
pressures, etc. make students try to achieve
the best results with the least efforts and in
the least time (Macdonald)
9. Recognizing Plagiarism
❏ Recognizing plagiarism faces a number of problems.
❏ One problem is recognizing the amount of plagiarism
because it can cover a wide scope.
❏ The second problem is the question as to how much
change in the original material can make for
plagiarism.
Roig argues that many students struggle between
rewording and summarizing because they cannot
distinguish between them.
❏ The third issue is that most authors believe that there
is no need to reference common knowledge, but we
may ask what common knowledge is and who defines
it? (Roig)
10. 01
1. Genuine lack of
understanding
02
Efficiency gain Time management
06
Students’
attitudes towards
teachers and class
Denial or
neutralization
Reasons of Plagiarism:
PAGE
NUMBER
PROJECT
TIMELINE
03
04
05
Personal
values/attitudes Defiance
07
09
08
Temptation and
opportunity
Lack of
deterrence
12. Types of Plagiarism:
Intentional or Unintentional:
❏ Intentional plagiarism occurs when the author deliberately, intentionally or knowingly copies entire
text, paragraph or data and presents as its own.
❏ Unintentional occurs when the author either is not aware of such research, is unaware of the ethics in
writing or does not know how to cite and thus presents similar article.
Mosaic Writing:
❏ This happens when a new author uses the previous article text by replacing, reordering or rephrasing
the words or sentences to give it new look without acknowledging the original author.
❏ In this case, the plagiarist intertwines his or her own ideas and opinions with those of the original
author, creating a confused, plagiarized mass.
Self Plagiarism:
❏ This happens when the author has added research on a previously published article, book, contributed
chapter, journal, and presents it as a new without acknowledging the first article or taking
permission from the previous publisher.
Ghost writing:
❏ Ghostwriting is the process of writing a piece of copy under someone else's name. Example: a
freelancer,
13. Types of Plagiarism: (Chatgpt)
Plagiarism is the act of using someone else's work without giving proper credit to the original
author or source. There are several types of plagiarism, including:
Direct plagiarism: This occurs when a person copies word-for-word from a source without using
quotation marks or giving proper credit.
Self-plagiarism: This occurs when a person submits their own work for credit more than once,
without acknowledging that it has been previously published or submitted for credit elsewhere.
Mosaic plagiarism: This occurs when a person takes phrases or sentences from a source and uses
them in their own work without proper citation, leading to a mix of copied and original content.
Accidental plagiarism: This occurs when a person unintentionally fails to give proper credit to
the original source, often due to a lack of knowledge or confusion about citation rules.
Paraphrasing plagiarism: This occurs when a person rewrites someone else's work in their own
words, without giving proper credit to the original source.
Patchwork plagiarism: This occurs when a person takes ideas or information from multiple
sources and combines t
14. Why does Plagiarism Matter?
As Spratt writes:
❏ It is a principle of intellectual honesty.
❏ Passing off another’s work as your own is not only poor scholarship, but also
means that you have failed to complete the learning process.
❏ Unethical and can have serious consequences for your future career; it also
undermines the standards of your institution and of the degrees it issues.
(Oxford )
15. Strategies to Avoid Plagiarism:
1. Read the instructions for authors provided by the journal.
2. Always acknowledge the contributions of others and the source of ideas and words, regardless of whether paraphrased
or summarized.
3. Use of verbatim text/material must be enclosed in quotation marks.
4. Acknowledge sources used in the writing.
5. When paraphrasing, understand the material completely and use your own words.
6. When in doubt about whether or not the concept or fact is common knowledge, reference it.
7. Make sure to reference and cite references accurately.
8. Become familiar with the basic elements of copyright law
16. REFERENCES
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Caroline Eisner and Martha Vicinus, University of Michigan Press, 2008, pp. 231–46. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv65sxk1.23.
Accessed 9 Mar. 2023.
Austin, M.Jill. “Internet Plagiarism: Developing Strategies to Curb Student Academic Dishonesty.” The Internet and Higher Education, vol. 2, no. 1,
1999, p. 3. Science Direct, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1096751699000044?via%3Dihub. Accessed 9 March 2023.
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17. Macdonald, R. “Talking Shop: Why don't we turn the tide of plagiarism to the learners' advantage?” Times Higher Education, 24 November
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Mechling, Lauren. “‘Plagiarism Is the Sin Du Jour.’” New York Sun, New York The Sun, 30 Sept. 2004,
https://www.nysun.com/article/2386.
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Scientific Research, https://scirp.org/reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1172869. Accessed 9 March 2023.
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