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2. Deccan hemp
Botanical
description
Common names :
Kenaf, Indian hemp,
Deccan hemp
Botanical name:
Hibiscus cannabinus
L.
Family: Malvaceae
Root system: Deep-
penetrating tap root
system

3.  Kenaf is an annual, short-day, herbaceous plant.
 It is mainly cultivated for its stem fiber.
 Structure of fiber
 The outer fiber is called bast and comprises roughly
40% of the stalk dry weight.
 White inner fiber is called core and comprises 60%
of the dry weight.

6. History and origin
 Kenaf is originated from Eastern Africa and through
Egypt disseminated to India and China.
 From Asia was moved to USSR and then During the
Second World War disseminated to USA and then to
central and South America.

7. Economic importance
 Human nutrition
 Forage and making bedding material for animals
 Fiber; used in making ropes, clothes etc.
 Paper and pulp industry
 Medicinal use
 Phytoremediation
 Biomass
 Seed oil

8. Area and Production
 World Kenaf production is 1,300,000 MT per year.
 Almost 60% of the Kenaf production in Far East
countries is in India (140 thousand tones), with
china to contribute with 32% to the total production,
Pakistan with 5% and Indonesia with 1%.

9. Ecology
 Climate: warm and moist climate of Tropical and
subtropical regions, without excessively heavy
rains or strong winds.
 Photoperiod sensitive.
 Temperature: Grow best with annual
temperature of 20°C- 27.5°C but sensitive to frost.
It is salt tolerant but sensitive to water logging.
 Rainfall: 500-625 mm over 5-6 months.
 Soil type: sandy loam soil with pH 6-6.8

10. Cultivation
 Sowing time: In most areas, Kenaf can be planted
as early as April or May.
 Seeds are either sown manually or with a grain drill
 Land preparation is similar to other agronomic
crops e.g., cotton, etc.
 Seed rate: recommended seed rate is 15-17 kg/ha in
broadcast and 13-15kg/ha in line sowing.
 Recommended spacing: plant to plant distance
7-10 cm, row to row distance 20-30 cm.

11. Intercultural practices
 Initial weeding is necessary for the best production
of Kenaf. Weeds can be controlled by chemical
method.
 Use of insecticides and pesticides can be required.
 Application of fertilizers usually depends upon the
fertility of the soil.

12. Harvesting
 Kenaf is harvested in 4-5 months after sowing.
 Three methods are used;
 (1) hand-cut, (2) machine-cut and (3) pulled by
roots, as the lower stem contains the best fibre.
 Fibers are usually separated from the stalk
mechanically although retting is still done by hand
in some areas.
 Retting is the process by which the fiber got
loosened and separated from the woody stalk. Jute
and Kenaf fiber have almost same retting process.

13. Yeild and storage
 Maximum total yield averages 250kg/ha but yields
upto 500kg have been reported.
 Heat and drying method is used for storage of kenaf
care must be taken so that the temperature does not
exceed to 43°C

14. Process of
retting Separation of
fiber by water
Machine-
cutting

15. Diseases and insect pests
 Many fungi can attack Kenaf stem and cause rust in
stem.
 Most important insect pests are flea beetles, jassid
leaf, spiral borer, cotton bollworm and stink bug.
 Kenaf is particularly susceptible to root-knot
nematodes, especially light textured soils.