This document outlines the agenda and key topics for a breakout session on mapping the developer and CfD lifecycles for marine and tidal technologies. The agenda covers introducing the developer lifecycle by technology, pre-development, development, financing, construction and commissioning stages. Key CfD issues like strike price visibility, budget allocation, substantial financial commitment, target commissioning windows and long-stop dates are discussed across the different stages. Feedback is solicited from participants on how well the CfD policy maps to developer lifecycles and where improvements could be made.
This document outlines the agenda and key topics for a breakout session on offshore wind. It discusses mapping the developer and CfD lifecycles, including the stages of pre-development, development, financing, and construction and commissioning. It seeks feedback on how well the CfD policy maps to the different stages of the developer lifecycle for offshore wind. Key CfD issues like strike price visibility, budget allocation, and meeting milestones are examined through each stage of the lifecycle.
This document outlines the agenda and key topics for a breakout session on mapping the developer and CfD lifecycles for onshore wind projects over 50MW. The agenda covers introducing the developer lifecycle, pre-development, development, financing, construction and commissioning stages. It also discusses how CfD policy relates to the different stages, including issues like strike price visibility, budget allocation, application processes, and potential allocation mechanisms like first-come-first-served and constrained allocation rounds. Feedback from developers is sought on how well CfD policy maps to the onshore wind lifecycle.
This document provides an agenda and background information for a breakout session on the developer and CfD lifecycles for onshore wind and solar projects between 10-15 MW. The agenda covers introducing the developer lifecycle by technology, and discussing key issues across pre-development, development, financing, construction and commissioning. It also presents DECC's current thinking on aspects of the CfD process like budget allocation, application mechanisms, reaching substantial financial commitment, target commissioning windows and long-stop dates. Feedback is sought from developers on making the CfD policy map appropriately to technology lifecycles and on specific policy design questions.
This document provides an agenda and discussion points for a breakout session on mapping the developer and CfD lifecycles for biomass conversions. The agenda covers introducing the developer lifecycle by technology, and discussing various stages including pre-development, development, financing, construction and commissioning. Key issues around the CfD policy at each stage are also outlined, such as strike price visibility, budget allocation, eligibility criteria, and conditions for payment start dates. Attendees are asked for feedback on ensuring the CfD policy logically maps to the developer lifecycle for biomass conversions and other technologies.
This document provides an agenda and overview for a simulation exercise on the Contracts for Difference (CfD) investor scheme being conducted by the UK Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC). The agenda outlines presentations on welcoming remarks, introducing the session and scope, views from the renewable energy sector, and breakout sessions by technology. The introduction section describes the aim of gaining understanding of developer lifecycles and how the CfD policy maps to these. Key issues to be covered in breakout sessions include CfD strike prices, budgets, eligibility, and obligations around construction windows. Final observations will provide next steps such as upcoming consultations and delivery plan publications.
The document discusses confidence level estimating and budgeting policies. It provides a recap of the joint confidence level (JCL) policy, which requires programs to be baselined at a 70% JCL and projects to be baselined/budgeted at a JCL that supports the program's approved level. It discusses the status of JCL calculations for various programs and projects, issues learned from implementing JCLs, and actions taken to address lessons learned to improve the process.
World Finance Review Sep_2014 KazakhstanRobert Jutson
This document discusses tools for evaluating capital investment projects. It outlines essential traits for successful projects, including proven resources, creditworthy offtakers, reliable contractors, and efficient plants. It also provides an overview of qualitative and quantitative ways to assess macro risks, such as currency and regulations, and project-specific risks like resource availability and construction delays. Examples are given of how these tools were applied to rank competing solar and cement projects. Applying such systematic evaluation methods can help management improve investment decisions under uncertain market conditions.
WSARA: Baselining Programs Early Compounds the ProblemsPete Modigliani
The document discusses issues with section of the Weapon System Acquisition Reform Act (WSARA) that requires major defense acquisition programs to establish cost and schedule baselines early at Milestone A. [1] Baselining programs so early compounds problems as estimates at Milestone A are developed years before technologies are mature or requirements are solidified. [2] Exceeding the initial baseline estimates by 25% now triggers a Nunn-McCurdy breach, which could terminate the program. [3] This motivates program managers to inflate estimates and increases costs, risks, and bureaucracy.
This document outlines the agenda and key topics for a breakout session on offshore wind. It discusses mapping the developer and CfD lifecycles, including the stages of pre-development, development, financing, and construction and commissioning. It seeks feedback on how well the CfD policy maps to the different stages of the developer lifecycle for offshore wind. Key CfD issues like strike price visibility, budget allocation, and meeting milestones are examined through each stage of the lifecycle.
This document outlines the agenda and key topics for a breakout session on mapping the developer and CfD lifecycles for onshore wind projects over 50MW. The agenda covers introducing the developer lifecycle, pre-development, development, financing, construction and commissioning stages. It also discusses how CfD policy relates to the different stages, including issues like strike price visibility, budget allocation, application processes, and potential allocation mechanisms like first-come-first-served and constrained allocation rounds. Feedback from developers is sought on how well CfD policy maps to the onshore wind lifecycle.
This document provides an agenda and background information for a breakout session on the developer and CfD lifecycles for onshore wind and solar projects between 10-15 MW. The agenda covers introducing the developer lifecycle by technology, and discussing key issues across pre-development, development, financing, construction and commissioning. It also presents DECC's current thinking on aspects of the CfD process like budget allocation, application mechanisms, reaching substantial financial commitment, target commissioning windows and long-stop dates. Feedback is sought from developers on making the CfD policy map appropriately to technology lifecycles and on specific policy design questions.
This document provides an agenda and discussion points for a breakout session on mapping the developer and CfD lifecycles for biomass conversions. The agenda covers introducing the developer lifecycle by technology, and discussing various stages including pre-development, development, financing, construction and commissioning. Key issues around the CfD policy at each stage are also outlined, such as strike price visibility, budget allocation, eligibility criteria, and conditions for payment start dates. Attendees are asked for feedback on ensuring the CfD policy logically maps to the developer lifecycle for biomass conversions and other technologies.
This document provides an agenda and overview for a simulation exercise on the Contracts for Difference (CfD) investor scheme being conducted by the UK Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC). The agenda outlines presentations on welcoming remarks, introducing the session and scope, views from the renewable energy sector, and breakout sessions by technology. The introduction section describes the aim of gaining understanding of developer lifecycles and how the CfD policy maps to these. Key issues to be covered in breakout sessions include CfD strike prices, budgets, eligibility, and obligations around construction windows. Final observations will provide next steps such as upcoming consultations and delivery plan publications.
The document discusses confidence level estimating and budgeting policies. It provides a recap of the joint confidence level (JCL) policy, which requires programs to be baselined at a 70% JCL and projects to be baselined/budgeted at a JCL that supports the program's approved level. It discusses the status of JCL calculations for various programs and projects, issues learned from implementing JCLs, and actions taken to address lessons learned to improve the process.
World Finance Review Sep_2014 KazakhstanRobert Jutson
This document discusses tools for evaluating capital investment projects. It outlines essential traits for successful projects, including proven resources, creditworthy offtakers, reliable contractors, and efficient plants. It also provides an overview of qualitative and quantitative ways to assess macro risks, such as currency and regulations, and project-specific risks like resource availability and construction delays. Examples are given of how these tools were applied to rank competing solar and cement projects. Applying such systematic evaluation methods can help management improve investment decisions under uncertain market conditions.
WSARA: Baselining Programs Early Compounds the ProblemsPete Modigliani
The document discusses issues with section of the Weapon System Acquisition Reform Act (WSARA) that requires major defense acquisition programs to establish cost and schedule baselines early at Milestone A. [1] Baselining programs so early compounds problems as estimates at Milestone A are developed years before technologies are mature or requirements are solidified. [2] Exceeding the initial baseline estimates by 25% now triggers a Nunn-McCurdy breach, which could terminate the program. [3] This motivates program managers to inflate estimates and increases costs, risks, and bureaucracy.
Portfolio management and the ppbe process at the department of energy white p...p6academy
This document discusses using portfolio management tools to improve the Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Evaluation (PPBE) process for the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA). It describes how NNSA implemented Primavera Portfolio Management (PPM) to better track budgets at lower levels and make more informed decisions. PPM allows NNSA to group work into portfolios based on scope, location, and appropriation. This provides transparency into total costs and helps justify budget requests to Congress. The new system addresses issues found in a government audit and recommendations to better account for infrastructure and production costs across the nuclear security enterprise.
Portfolio management and the ppbe process at the department of energy pptp6academy
This document discusses the implementation of portfolio management at the Department of Energy (DOE) and National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) to improve budget transparency and justification. It describes how the Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Evaluation (PPBE) process was strengthened by developing a work breakdown structure and implementing a portfolio management system called the Objective Portfolio Planning and Management (OPPM) tool. The OPPM tool collects project data, allows for analysis of costs, dependencies and risks, and supports management reviews to provide full visibility and justification of budget requests. This enhanced transparency addresses prior Government Accountability Office findings about unknown total facility costs and unidentified stockpile services costs.
The document provides a preliminary evaluation of Bangladesh's Aid Effectiveness Project, finding that while the project has experienced delays and inefficiencies, important milestones have been achieved including developing an aid management information system (AIMS), conducting capacity assessments, and drafting an aid policy outline. The evaluation rates the project's effectiveness positively but notes the long-term nature of aid effectiveness requires sustained commitment beyond the life of the project.
3_Logframe, problem and objectives, indicators, assumptionscsdialogue
How to write effective EU project proposals: Introduction to Full application preparation. Application Package for Applicants. Common mistakes.
Natasa Gospodjinacki
Kiev, 3-4 September 2015
This document outlines the key components and objectives of a feasibility study for public-private partnership road and highway projects. It recommends that a "full" feasibility study be conducted for most PPP projects to identify and allocate risks, provide sufficient information for government and private partners, and minimize transaction costs. The key sections of a full PPP feasibility study include: a technical evaluation including demand forecasts and preliminary design; a socio-economic cost-benefit analysis; a financial analysis including financial modeling and identification of needed fiscal support; and a risk assessment and allocation. The feasibility study should culminate in a "PPP Business Case" that defines the project requirements and evaluates delivery options to identify the preferred public-private partnership structure.
The PPBE process involves 4 concurrent and overlapping phases: Planning establishes long-term strategic priorities, Programming translates priorities into programs within budget constraints, Budgeting prices programs and develops the budget submission, and Execution monitors program spending. The process links strategic vision to resource allocation and ensures programs balance capabilities with available funds.
This document outlines the Project Cycle Implementation Plan (PC-1) for the Southern Punjab Poverty Alleviation Project (SPPAP) funded by the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). The SPPAP aims to reduce poverty in four districts in Southern Punjab through vocational training, entrepreneurship programs, and other community initiatives. The PC-1 details the project location, objectives, implementation structure, management plan, budget, and metrics to monitor progress. Key aspects include job creation, skills development, increasing incomes, and mobilizing local communities and organizations to support poverty reduction efforts in the target regions.
Project Controls Technician Apprentice - Joining the puzzle together by "Shan...Project Controls Expo
Project Controls Technician Apprentice - Joining the puzzle together by Shane Forth - Director of PMO for Costain Natural Resources, UK
Anil Godhawale - Programme Director for Project Controls Institute, UK
Catherine Lambert - Product Development Manager for ECITB, UK at at Project Controls Expo 2017, Arsenal Stadium, London
Windpower Engineering Webinar - Vortex Generators on Wind TurbinesUpWind Solutions
This document discusses vortex generators (VGs) that can be installed on wind turbine blades to improve their aerodynamic performance and energy production. It describes Smart Blade GmbH and UpWind Solutions' process for developing, testing, installing and analyzing the impact of customized VG solutions. Their VG design, installation procedure and testing aims to maximize energy production through stall delay and lift enhancement while minimizing noise and structural loads on the turbine. Case studies show VGs can increase annual energy production by 2-3% providing a strong return on investment.
Generate clean, green, renewable electricity from rivers and canals with the Hydrokinetic Power Barge. The Power Pontoon requires no construction or civil engineering works, does not need dam walls, and is an environmentally friendly, low impact technology which can be implemented in days instead of months or years.
The document summarizes a student project analyzing the Tesla turbine, an alternative energy device that extracts energy from fluid flowing tangentially between flat disks. The students tested a prototype turbine, measuring its rotational speed, power output, and efficiency. Initial tests found issues with disk flatness, which were addressed. Flow and RPM tests showed a maximum speed of 4000 RPM and flow of 5 pounds per minute. Power calculations were done using kinetic energy equations from sensor data. Modifications to decrease gaps and internal space were made, and further power testing showed performance improvements.
Design & Analysis of a Helical Cross Flow TurbineAnish Anand
We investigate the flow past a cross flow hydrokinetic turbine (CFHT)in which a helical blade turns around a shaft perpendicular to the free stream under the hydrodynamic forces exerted by the flow. The ability of a cross flow turbine to rotate in the same direction independent of the water flow direction gives an advantage for hydrokinetic applications.
This type of turbine, while very different from the classical horizontal axis turbine commonly used in the wind energy field, presents advantages in the context of hydro kinetic energy harvesting, such as independence from current direction, including reversibility, stacking, and self-starting without complex pitch mechanisms.
The document summarizes the design and working of Tesla's bladeless turbine. It discusses that the turbine consists of a rotor with smooth discs mounted on a shaft and a cylindrical stator housing it. Fluid enters through inlet nozzles and exits via exhaust ports on the discs. Due to adhesion and viscosity, the boundary layer of fluid sticking to disc surfaces transfers rotational motion to the discs from the linear motion of the fluid. The turbine has advantages like simple design, low cost, and high efficiency. However, its torque output is low and further research is needed to optimize its design.
CFD has become a mainstream engineering tool with various applications in the offshore industry. It is used to study complex fluid dynamics problems that are difficult to analyze using theory or experimentation alone. Examples include vortex-induced vibration of risers and motions of floating platforms, wave slamming loads, tank sloshing, and wind forces on structures. Validation against experimental data and benchmark cases is important to verify CFD models are solving equations correctly.
Offshore wind turbine performance assessment using CFDAhmed Maklid, Msc
This document outlines a presentation on assessing offshore wind turbine performance using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It discusses conducting various CFD case studies including 2D airfoil simulations, a full 3D turbine simulation, and a fluid-structure interaction study of a turbine blade and foundation. Verification and validation studies were performed and the results were compared to experimental data. The conclusions were that CFD is a useful tool for wind turbine design when conducted with verification and validation, and that future work could include more advanced simulations such as transient fluid-structure interaction and floating offshore foundations.
This document discusses different types of airfoils and their characteristics:
1) Airfoils are designed for different speeds, with some generating more lift but also more drag at medium speeds.
2) Attributes like camber, nose radius, and thickness determine stall characteristics, with a rounded nose and high camber providing a smooth stall.
3) Paraglider airfoils produce a lot of lift even at high angles of attack but also have high drag as speed increases.
4) Stalls occur when the boundary layer separates too far forward on the wing due to a high angle of attack. Maintaining the proper angle of attack is important to avoid stalls.
This document summarizes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of flow over a NACA 0012 airfoil at attack angles of 2 and 14 degrees. Meshes with 15,000 and 40,000 elements were tested, with lift and drag coefficients increasing with higher mesh resolution and attack angle. Pressure contours, velocity vectors, and other flow visualizations were obtained from the CFD simulations in ANSYS. While mesh independence was achieved at 2 degrees, it was not at 14 degrees, which is above the airfoil's stall angle.
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a numerical method used to analyze and solve fluid flow problems. CFD uses the mathematical equations that govern fluid motion and heat transfer to simulate the behavior of fluids. It provides a comprehensive examination of systems through modeling of velocity, pressure, temperature, and other properties without extensive physical testing. CFD has advantages of being relatively low cost, fast, and able to simulate real conditions. Limitations include accuracy depending on physical models and numerical errors from discretization. CFD is commonly used in engineering applications like aerodynamics, automotive, and electronics design.
TIDAL POWER , Generation of Electricity Using Tidal EnergyNishant Kumar
Tidal power is a proven technology and has the potential to generate significant amounts of electricity at certain sites around the world.
Although, our entire electricity needs could never be met by tidal power alone, it can be invaluable source of renewable energy.
Portfolio management and the ppbe process at the department of energy white p...p6academy
This document discusses using portfolio management tools to improve the Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Evaluation (PPBE) process for the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA). It describes how NNSA implemented Primavera Portfolio Management (PPM) to better track budgets at lower levels and make more informed decisions. PPM allows NNSA to group work into portfolios based on scope, location, and appropriation. This provides transparency into total costs and helps justify budget requests to Congress. The new system addresses issues found in a government audit and recommendations to better account for infrastructure and production costs across the nuclear security enterprise.
Portfolio management and the ppbe process at the department of energy pptp6academy
This document discusses the implementation of portfolio management at the Department of Energy (DOE) and National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) to improve budget transparency and justification. It describes how the Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Evaluation (PPBE) process was strengthened by developing a work breakdown structure and implementing a portfolio management system called the Objective Portfolio Planning and Management (OPPM) tool. The OPPM tool collects project data, allows for analysis of costs, dependencies and risks, and supports management reviews to provide full visibility and justification of budget requests. This enhanced transparency addresses prior Government Accountability Office findings about unknown total facility costs and unidentified stockpile services costs.
The document provides a preliminary evaluation of Bangladesh's Aid Effectiveness Project, finding that while the project has experienced delays and inefficiencies, important milestones have been achieved including developing an aid management information system (AIMS), conducting capacity assessments, and drafting an aid policy outline. The evaluation rates the project's effectiveness positively but notes the long-term nature of aid effectiveness requires sustained commitment beyond the life of the project.
3_Logframe, problem and objectives, indicators, assumptionscsdialogue
How to write effective EU project proposals: Introduction to Full application preparation. Application Package for Applicants. Common mistakes.
Natasa Gospodjinacki
Kiev, 3-4 September 2015
This document outlines the key components and objectives of a feasibility study for public-private partnership road and highway projects. It recommends that a "full" feasibility study be conducted for most PPP projects to identify and allocate risks, provide sufficient information for government and private partners, and minimize transaction costs. The key sections of a full PPP feasibility study include: a technical evaluation including demand forecasts and preliminary design; a socio-economic cost-benefit analysis; a financial analysis including financial modeling and identification of needed fiscal support; and a risk assessment and allocation. The feasibility study should culminate in a "PPP Business Case" that defines the project requirements and evaluates delivery options to identify the preferred public-private partnership structure.
The PPBE process involves 4 concurrent and overlapping phases: Planning establishes long-term strategic priorities, Programming translates priorities into programs within budget constraints, Budgeting prices programs and develops the budget submission, and Execution monitors program spending. The process links strategic vision to resource allocation and ensures programs balance capabilities with available funds.
This document outlines the Project Cycle Implementation Plan (PC-1) for the Southern Punjab Poverty Alleviation Project (SPPAP) funded by the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). The SPPAP aims to reduce poverty in four districts in Southern Punjab through vocational training, entrepreneurship programs, and other community initiatives. The PC-1 details the project location, objectives, implementation structure, management plan, budget, and metrics to monitor progress. Key aspects include job creation, skills development, increasing incomes, and mobilizing local communities and organizations to support poverty reduction efforts in the target regions.
Project Controls Technician Apprentice - Joining the puzzle together by "Shan...Project Controls Expo
Project Controls Technician Apprentice - Joining the puzzle together by Shane Forth - Director of PMO for Costain Natural Resources, UK
Anil Godhawale - Programme Director for Project Controls Institute, UK
Catherine Lambert - Product Development Manager for ECITB, UK at at Project Controls Expo 2017, Arsenal Stadium, London
Windpower Engineering Webinar - Vortex Generators on Wind TurbinesUpWind Solutions
This document discusses vortex generators (VGs) that can be installed on wind turbine blades to improve their aerodynamic performance and energy production. It describes Smart Blade GmbH and UpWind Solutions' process for developing, testing, installing and analyzing the impact of customized VG solutions. Their VG design, installation procedure and testing aims to maximize energy production through stall delay and lift enhancement while minimizing noise and structural loads on the turbine. Case studies show VGs can increase annual energy production by 2-3% providing a strong return on investment.
Generate clean, green, renewable electricity from rivers and canals with the Hydrokinetic Power Barge. The Power Pontoon requires no construction or civil engineering works, does not need dam walls, and is an environmentally friendly, low impact technology which can be implemented in days instead of months or years.
The document summarizes a student project analyzing the Tesla turbine, an alternative energy device that extracts energy from fluid flowing tangentially between flat disks. The students tested a prototype turbine, measuring its rotational speed, power output, and efficiency. Initial tests found issues with disk flatness, which were addressed. Flow and RPM tests showed a maximum speed of 4000 RPM and flow of 5 pounds per minute. Power calculations were done using kinetic energy equations from sensor data. Modifications to decrease gaps and internal space were made, and further power testing showed performance improvements.
Design & Analysis of a Helical Cross Flow TurbineAnish Anand
We investigate the flow past a cross flow hydrokinetic turbine (CFHT)in which a helical blade turns around a shaft perpendicular to the free stream under the hydrodynamic forces exerted by the flow. The ability of a cross flow turbine to rotate in the same direction independent of the water flow direction gives an advantage for hydrokinetic applications.
This type of turbine, while very different from the classical horizontal axis turbine commonly used in the wind energy field, presents advantages in the context of hydro kinetic energy harvesting, such as independence from current direction, including reversibility, stacking, and self-starting without complex pitch mechanisms.
The document summarizes the design and working of Tesla's bladeless turbine. It discusses that the turbine consists of a rotor with smooth discs mounted on a shaft and a cylindrical stator housing it. Fluid enters through inlet nozzles and exits via exhaust ports on the discs. Due to adhesion and viscosity, the boundary layer of fluid sticking to disc surfaces transfers rotational motion to the discs from the linear motion of the fluid. The turbine has advantages like simple design, low cost, and high efficiency. However, its torque output is low and further research is needed to optimize its design.
CFD has become a mainstream engineering tool with various applications in the offshore industry. It is used to study complex fluid dynamics problems that are difficult to analyze using theory or experimentation alone. Examples include vortex-induced vibration of risers and motions of floating platforms, wave slamming loads, tank sloshing, and wind forces on structures. Validation against experimental data and benchmark cases is important to verify CFD models are solving equations correctly.
Offshore wind turbine performance assessment using CFDAhmed Maklid, Msc
This document outlines a presentation on assessing offshore wind turbine performance using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It discusses conducting various CFD case studies including 2D airfoil simulations, a full 3D turbine simulation, and a fluid-structure interaction study of a turbine blade and foundation. Verification and validation studies were performed and the results were compared to experimental data. The conclusions were that CFD is a useful tool for wind turbine design when conducted with verification and validation, and that future work could include more advanced simulations such as transient fluid-structure interaction and floating offshore foundations.
This document discusses different types of airfoils and their characteristics:
1) Airfoils are designed for different speeds, with some generating more lift but also more drag at medium speeds.
2) Attributes like camber, nose radius, and thickness determine stall characteristics, with a rounded nose and high camber providing a smooth stall.
3) Paraglider airfoils produce a lot of lift even at high angles of attack but also have high drag as speed increases.
4) Stalls occur when the boundary layer separates too far forward on the wing due to a high angle of attack. Maintaining the proper angle of attack is important to avoid stalls.
This document summarizes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of flow over a NACA 0012 airfoil at attack angles of 2 and 14 degrees. Meshes with 15,000 and 40,000 elements were tested, with lift and drag coefficients increasing with higher mesh resolution and attack angle. Pressure contours, velocity vectors, and other flow visualizations were obtained from the CFD simulations in ANSYS. While mesh independence was achieved at 2 degrees, it was not at 14 degrees, which is above the airfoil's stall angle.
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a numerical method used to analyze and solve fluid flow problems. CFD uses the mathematical equations that govern fluid motion and heat transfer to simulate the behavior of fluids. It provides a comprehensive examination of systems through modeling of velocity, pressure, temperature, and other properties without extensive physical testing. CFD has advantages of being relatively low cost, fast, and able to simulate real conditions. Limitations include accuracy depending on physical models and numerical errors from discretization. CFD is commonly used in engineering applications like aerodynamics, automotive, and electronics design.
TIDAL POWER , Generation of Electricity Using Tidal EnergyNishant Kumar
Tidal power is a proven technology and has the potential to generate significant amounts of electricity at certain sites around the world.
Although, our entire electricity needs could never be met by tidal power alone, it can be invaluable source of renewable energy.
This document provides an overview of basic aerodynamic principles and aircraft flight theory. It covers key topics such as the atmosphere, Newton's laws of motion, Bernoulli's principle, airfoils, the four forces of flight, stability and control surfaces. The presentation introduces fundamental concepts including pressure, density, humidity, inertia, lift, drag, thrust, weight, angles of attack and incidence, and the three axes of movement. It also explains how stability is achieved through aircraft design elements like dihedral wings, sweepback, and keel effect.
The document provides an overview of the basic components and structures of aircraft, including the fuselage, wings, empennage, power plant, and landing gear. It describes the typical materials used in aircraft construction and gives examples of different structural designs for the fuselage, wings, empennage, and landing gear. Key terms related to aircraft components and structures are also defined.
The document discusses the UK government's plans to replace Renewable Obligation Certificates (ROCs) with Contracts for Difference (CfDs) as the main policy mechanism for supporting renewable energy projects. CfDs are 15-year contracts that pay generators the difference between the market price of electricity and a guaranteed strike price. The document outlines eligibility requirements for CfDs and the allocation process, including indicative budgets, application deadlines, and obligations for projects before commissioning. CfDs are intended to provide long-term price stability for renewable projects while allowing generators flexibility in their power purchase agreements.
The document summarizes key discussions from a climate change expert group meeting on developing common reporting tables for greenhouse gas inventories and ensuring a sustainable COVID-19 economic recovery. Some of the main points discussed include: using the existing reporting framework as a starting point but ensuring all countries can engage; developing the reporting tables and software together; allowing flexibility in reporting for developing countries; and monitoring economic recovery plans to support measures that meet both short-term economic and long-term climate and sustainability goals.
Renewable Energy Feed-in Tarriff presentationJerry Sakala
The Energy Regulation Board (ERB), with the support of the USAID Trade Hub Southern Africa (SATH) has developed the draft Renewable Energy Feed in Tariffs (REFiT) Regulatory Framework. The REFiT Regulatory Framework was developed in line with REFiT Policy of 2015 developed by the Ministry of Mines Energy and Water Development. The REFiT regulatory framework was presented to stakeholders on Tuesday 22nd September 2015.
The REFiT Regulatory framework outlines the following:
REFiT Indicative Tariffs for solar projects;
Rules and Guidelines for RE projects to be implemented under the REFiT Policy of 2015; and
Guidelines for REFiT Power Purchase Agreements, and application procedures for project developers.
These rules and guidelines are only applicable to small scale renewable energy systems as defined in the REFiT Policy of 2015.
Refit rules guidelines license & Power Purchase AgreementJerry Sakala
The Energy Regulation Board (ERB), with the support of the USAID Trade Hub Southern Africa (SATH) has developed the draft Renewable Energy Feed in Tariffs (REFiT) Regulatory Framework. The REFiT Regulatory Framework was developed in line with REFiT Policy of 2015 developed by the Ministry of Mines Energy and Water Development. The REFiT regulatory framework was presented to stakeholders on Tuesday 22nd September 2015.
The REFiT Regulatory framework outlines the following:
REFiT Indicative Tariffs for solar projects;
Rules and Guidelines for RE projects to be implemented under the REFiT Policy of 2015; and
Guidelines for REFiT Power Purchase Agreements, and application procedures for project developers.
These rules and guidelines are only applicable to small scale renewable energy systems as defined in the REFiT Policy of 2015.
This document provides a structured methodology for developing projects from initial idea through construction and commissioning. It outlines 7 phases: feasibility study, concept definition, funds & permits, tendering, construction, commissioning, and operations. For each phase it lists the key disciplines involved (e.g. engineering, permitting, finance), activities to be completed, and expected deliverables. The methodology is intended to help develop projects in the $25-250 million range, with a focus on industrial facilities like tank terminals. It aims to provide realistic plans, budgets, and accelerate decision making through a systematic multi-disciplinary approach.
This document provides a structured methodology for developing projects from initial idea through construction and commissioning. It outlines 6 phases: feasibility study, concept definition, funds & permits, tendering, construction, and commissioning. For each phase, it lists the key disciplines involved (e.g. engineering, permitting, finance), activities to be completed, and expected deliverables. The goal is to develop projects in a realistic, cost-effective manner by thoroughly addressing each discipline in each phase before moving to the next.
Your approach to the on-going use of S106 and S278 impacts on: Viability evidence, Infrastructure evidence and the Regulation 123 list - so it's very important!
Realizing the promise of high-integrity REDD at scaleCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Kevin Brown (WCS) at "Bonn Climate Change Conference (SB58) side event: High-integrity forest carbon markets: from global stock-taking to advancing science" on 8 Jun 2023
Transnet is undertaking a large capital expansion program worth R300 billion over 7 years known as the Market Demand Strategy. This provides opportunities to accelerate economic transformation through supplier development. Transnet aims to leverage its procurement spend to develop local suppliers and manufacturing capabilities. It has achieved successes in past programs and aims to further supplier development ambitions through its new strategy and supplier development plan aligned with the Market Demand Strategy goals.
CCXG Global Forum March 2018, Common timeframes by Diana BarbaOECD Environment
Common timeframes for Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement are important to ensure its architecture functions properly and ambition is regularly ramped up. Two main options are 5-year and 10-year timeframes. While 10 years allows more time for consultation and adjustment, it risks locking in low ambition and widening the lag between communication and implementation. A 5-year timeframe aligned with the Agreement's periodic elements like the Global Stocktake is preferable as parties build capacity and reference long-term strategies to streamline the NDC process over time. The focus should be delivering the Agreement's goals rather than past practices.
CCXG Global Forum March 2018, Common Timeframes by Diana Carolina BarbaOECD Environment
Common timeframes for Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement are important to ensure its architecture functions properly and ambition is regularly ramped up. Two main options are 5-year and 10-year periods. While 10 years allows more time for consultation and adjustment, it risks locking in low ambition and widening the gap between communication and implementation. A 5-year cycle aligned with other key elements like the Global Stocktake is preferable as parties build capacity and reference long-term strategies to streamline the process. The focus should be delivering the Agreement's goals rather than past practices.
The document discusses two case studies that utilized integrated project delivery (IPD) and virtual design and construction (VDC) methods:
1) The Stutter Medical Centre Castro Valley project in California was a $320 million hospital project delivered using IPD. The IPD approach reduced structural design time from 15 to 8 months and resulted in better design quality and lower overall costs compared to traditional methods.
2) A museum project in Europe faced many challenges due to its complex design and international team. Adopting VDC improved communication, facility performance, safety, and quality. A cloud-based model management system effectively organized large amounts of data.
The document advocates establishing quantitative objectives and metrics in planning to systematically track
LOAN SCHEME FOR FINANCING GRID CONNECTED ROOFTOP SOLAR PV POWER PROJECTS Harish Sharma
IREDA Loan scheme is for all Solar rooftop power projects having minimum aggregate/Individual installed capacity 1000 kWp. Finance is available upto 75% of project cost with very Low interest rates range from 9.9% to 10.75%.
Infrastructure Levy Technical Consultation (Workshop 2 Spending the levy and ...PAS_Team
Infrastructure Levy Technical Consultation (Workshop 2 Spending the levy and delivering infrastructure) - A copy of the presentation given by DLUHC at a PAS workshop
Capacity Development (CapDev) in the Humidtropics CRP: Key Strategy and Eleme...ILRI
Presented by Iddo Dror (ILRI) and Zoumana Bamba (IITA) at the CGIAR Research Program on the Humidtropics Extension Proposal Development Workshop, Nairobi, Kenya, 18-20 March 2014
Larsen & Toubro - Outthink 2017 (Strategy Case Competition) - Grand FinaleAnupreet Choudhary
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1) The document summarizes the OECD guidance on transition finance, which aims to ensure the credibility of corporate climate transition plans. It outlines key challenges in transition finance and elements that make transition plans credible.
2) Over half of global greenhouse gas emissions come from energy and industry. Transition finance is mainly provided through sustainability-linked bonds and loans to help companies implement net-zero plans.
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This document discusses applying earned value management (EVM) techniques to monitor production facility projects. It identifies key challenges with using EVM in these types of technology-intensive projects, which involve major equipment and complex schedules. Specifically, it addresses how contractors can manipulate EVM data by accelerating early tasks. The document proposes calculating a modified earned value index (mEV) that excludes early work not done according to plan. It also recommends forecasting completion dates using schedule performance indices for contractors or activity types. The aim is to provide unbiased progress information and motivate contractors to adhere to plans and reduce dates through real improvements rather than data manipulation.
Similar to Decc discussion slides investor simulation workshop breakout_marine and tidal_v 1 0 (20)
The Government will publish the draft EMR Delivery Plan in July 2013. This sets out the Government’s proposed draft strike prices for renewable projects and the plans for a capacity market. Everyone with an interest will have the opportunity to respond to the consultation before final strike prices are set at the end of the year.
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More from Department of Energy and Climate Change (9)
1. Mapping the developer and CfD
lifecycles
Breakout session:
Marine and tidal
21 May 2013
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
2. Agenda for the breakout session
2
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
Time Topic
Indicative time
available
10:55am Introduction 10 minutes
Developer lifecycle by
technology
30 minutes
Pre-development 15 minutes
Development 15 minutes
Financing 15 minutes
Construction and
Commissioning
15 minutes
12:40pm Collate feedback 15 minutes
3. Agenda
3
1. Introduction and session organisation
2. Development lifecycle by technology
3. Pre-development
4. Development
5. Financing
6. Construction and Commissioning
7. Collate feedback
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
4. Introduction
4
• Recap objectives for this session:
1. To understand the developer lifecycle for different low carbon technologies,
2. To explain the current CfD policy position across the developer lifecycle, as
well as present some additional options for discussion,
3. To take on board views on the degree to which the CfD policy logically
maps with the developer lifecycle for different low carbon technologies
• At the end of the session we will collate views and then feedback to
the wider group
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
5. Key CfD issues to be covered across the
developer lifecycle
5
Pre-
development
Development Financing
Construction
and
commissioning
• CfD strike price
visibility
• CfD allocation
budget
• Statement of how
much allocation
budget remains
• Conditions
Precedent for CfD
payment start
• TCW and LSD
• Force majeure and
other exceptions
• Substantial financial
commitment (SFC)
• Contractual
obligations, and
consequences
• CfD eligibility
process
• Allocation
mechanisms
• Constrained
allocation process
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
6. Agenda
6
1. Introduction and session organisation
2. Development lifecycle by technology
3. Pre-development
4. Development
5. Financing
6. Construction and Commissioning
7. Collate feedback
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
7. Comparing DECC and Roadmap lifecycle assumptions
Marine and tidal
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
5-6 years 3 years
Pre-development ConstructionSource: DECC (2012)
Source: Renewable Roadmap
Applicable for offshore wind (as
an example)
8. Spend profile:
Marine and tidal
8
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
Note: Grid and other infrastructure costs assumed to be part of pre-development
Pre-development Construction
Overall, does our
assumed spend
profile look accurate
for your technology?
If not, why not?
Assumed incremental spend 0.5% 0.9% 1.4% 1.8% 2.3% 2.3% 13.7% 31.9% 45.5%
Assumed cumulative spend 0.5% 1.4% 2.7% 4.5% 6.8% 9.0% 22.7% 54.5% 100.0%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
Assumed incremental spend
Assumed cumulative spend
9. Agenda
9
1. Introduction and session organisation
2. Development lifecycle by technology
3. Pre-development
4. Development
5. Financing
6. Construction and Commissioning
7. Collate feedback
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
10. CfD strike price visibility
10
CfD strike price visibility
• NG will provide analysis to inform the Government’s CfD strike price decisions in the Delivery Plan
• At the time of CfD allocation, strike prices are locked in for the year of commissioning
• Strike price setting for the second Delivery Plan may involve some competitive elements
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
11. CfD budget allocation
11
CfD budget availability by technology
• The LCF will increase to £7.6b in 2020 (real 2012 terms)
• This covers the costs of the CfD as well as existing policies (including the RO, small-scale FiT and the
Warm Home Discount)
• Ahead of allocation commencing, developers can expect to know the annual CfD budget as well as any
constraints applying to their technology
• Set by DECC, managed by NG
• Single budget ‘pot’ for all renewable
technologies
• Potential minimum/maximum
constraints for individual
technologies (e.g. maximum for
technologies deemed capable of
ramping up deployment
quickly, such as solar and biomass
conversions)
• Strike prices remain the main driver
of investment by technology
CfD allocation
budget for
renewables
(non-FID)
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
CfD allocation budget by technology
Wider LCF
(managed by
DECC)
12. Forecasting budget headroom
12
CfD budget headroom forecast
• The CfD allocation budget constraint will apply on an annual basis, subject to the total period budget
• The SO will be responsible for publishing CfD budget updates throughout the year:
Taking into account the changing value of existing contracts
Could be real-time available data if CfDs are allocated on a First Come First served (FCFS) basis
• Any underspends in a given year will be available in the following year’s CfD budget
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2020/212019/20
CfD Budget by
year between
2014/15 and
2020/21
CfD budget will be allocated
on a forward-looking basis for
the anticipated
commissioning year
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
13. Questions for consideration
13
• How often should NG provide information on CfD budget availability?
How should the information be provided and how often should the assumptions be
consulted on?
How should progress against any technology-specific CfD budget constraints be
communicated?
• Is there sufficient visibility of CfD strike prices?
When do developers need to know DECC’s decision on whether administrative pricing will
continue beyond 2020?
How will developers deal with a situation in which later phases are forecast to occur
outside the window of CfD strike price visibility (e.g. offshore wind)?
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
14. Agenda
14
1. Introduction and session organisation
2. Development lifecycle by technology
3. Pre-development
4. Development
5. Financing
6. Construction and Commissioning
7. Collate feedback
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
15. Applying for a CfD
15
Eligibility criteria Requirement
Eligible technology? Detail of the type of generation intended to be built (with appropriate
confirmation that it will be a form of generation eligible for the CfD).
Eligible company? Company registration and VAT number.
Planning permission? Copy of the planning permission decision note, as given by a competent authority
(SoS or Council Planning). Can be subject to conditions.
Grid connection? Copy of a grid connection acceptance letter which has been signed by both
National Grid (or DNO if applicable) and the developer.
Target commissioning date? Grid connection acceptance letter must include a connection date no later than
Target Commissioning Date (TCD)
Intended generation capacity? Details on the intended MW size of the of the project
CfD application process
• Developers will be assessed by the SO against eligibility criteria at the time of applying for a CfD
• Two key requirements: signed grid connection offer, and planning permission
• Period between CfD allocation and Target Commissioning Date (TCD) will be left to developers, but is
constrained by visibility of strike prices or competitive process
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
16. CfD allocation mechanisms
16
CfD allocation
• We have committed to a period of First-Come-First Served (FCFS), to avoid unnecessary costs
and constraints on development timings
• Once a pre-defined threshold is passed, allocation rounds will commence and then remain in
place (on either an unconstrained or constrained basis)
First-Come-First-Served
Applications submitted when
developer chooses, and considered
in order of receipt
Unconstrained Allocation Rounds
Application window, within which
all applications are assessed
equally, but no expectation of
rationing
Constrained Allocation Rounds
Application window, within which
all applications are assessed
equally, but with an expectation of
rationing
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
17. Application of triggers
17
Application of triggers to move from FCFS to allocation rounds
What level should the trigger be set at?
Our current working assumption is that the trigger will be set at a conservative level
This would imply circa 40% - 60% allocated through FCFS
An additional trigger may apply for the move to constrained allocation rounds (see next slide)
How should progress towards the trigger be calculated?
Our current working assumption is that the trigger would be met when actual applications
show a specified percentage of the CfD Budget has been allocated
Can allocation return to FCFS once a trigger has been activated (e.g. if electricity prices increase)?
No, moving through the various allocation mechanisms will be a ‘one-way street’
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
18. Constrained allocation
18
Constrained allocation windows
• Once a significant portion of the CfD allocation budget has been committed and DECC is a long way
towards achieving its targets, more projects may come forward in a particular round than can be
supported
• In such situations CfDs may need to be rationed through constrained allocation windows
• The rules for rationing must be defined upfront to enable visibility for developers
• Developers will need to submit additional information ahead of a constrained allocation window
• Two rationing options are currently being considered: price-based and discount-based
Rationing option Description Advantages Disadvantages
Price-based Stack projects by the price they
would be willing to accept
Least cost overall
deployment
Reduced diversity
of generation
Discount-based Stack projects by the % discount
on the relevant strike price that
they would be prepared to offer
Allows for least cost
projects by
technology,
enabling diversity
May result in
greater cost of
deployment
overall
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
19. Questions for consideration
19
• Are the suggested eligibility criteria appropriate? Are there any additional criteria you would
recommend?
• What conditions could be applied alongside ‘planning permission’?
For example, how to determine whether the condition detracts from readiness (i.e. radar / MOD)?
Should environmental consents also be required at this stage?
What flexibility could be applied in cases where permission is classed as ‘pre-approval’?
Are separate planning consents required for generation and grid?
• What type of contingencies may be contained in the grid offer?
Does the grid offer need to be firm for all phases of the project?
How should interdependencies and conditionality in offers be taken into account in the CfD application
process?
• How often should allocation windows take place? Is twice annually often enough?
• In the context of allocation under constraint, would you prefer projects to offer the price they would
be prepared to accept via sealed bid process or via a descending clock auction process?
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
20. Agenda
20
1. Introduction and session organisation
2. Development lifecycle by technology
3. Pre-development
4. Development
5. Financing
6. Construction and Commissioning
7. Collate feedback
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
21. Substantial Financial
Commitment [1]
21
Reaching the SFC milestone
• Within 1 year of signing the CfD, the developer must demonstrate to the Counterparty Body
(CpB) that it has made a Substantial Financial Commitment (SFC)
• Failure to meet the SFC within the prescribed timeframe after CfD allocation will constitute an
early termination event in favour of the CpB
No termination payment shall be due by either party
The generator can reapply for a later CfD
• The evidence required to demonstrate SFC may differ according to the financing structure of the
project in question, for example:
Project
Finance
• ‘Financial Close’
• Evidence required: Firm contractual commitment to undertake
expenditure (i.e. with equivalent milestone or termination
payments if the commitment is breached)
Balance
Sheet
• Actual or approved Board expenditure
• Evidence required: Invoices or Directors’ certificate for
expenditure
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
22. Substantial Financial
Commitment [2]
22
Minimum spend threshold
• SFC will be defined according to a minimum spend threshold, which is yet to be
determined
• The SFC milestone is intended to represent ‘the point of no return’ for a project
After this point, either construction proceeds or the developer will have incurred significant
unrecouped costs
• We recognise that the minimum spend threshold may differ by technology, for
example depending on:
Capex profile pre-commissioning
Extent of development costs as a proportion of total spend
Extent of phasing and treatment of anticipatory investment
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
23. Questions for consideration
• What does Substantial Financial Commitment (SFC) mean for different investors?
Project finance?
Balance sheet financed?
• What do you regard as the best means of providing evidence of SFC?
• What minimum spend threshold is appropriate by technology?
How can we relate this to the spend profiles by technology?
• How should phased projects be treated?
For example, if separate CfDs are allocated to individual phases, but financing of the
whole project is completed upfront
23
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
24. Agenda
24
1. Introduction and session organisation
2. Development lifecycle by technology
3. Pre-development
4. Development
5. Financing
6. Construction and Commissioning
7. Collate feedback
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
25. Payment start date
25
Conditions Precedent
• Eligibility for CfD payment can commence once the Conditions Precedent are satisfied
• Actual payments then commence on the basis of eligible metered output (MWh)
Condition Requirement
Passed eligibility test? Evidence of compliance with the published eligibility criteria at the time of CfD
allocation
Planning permission
remains valid?
Copy of the detailed planning permission and confirmation that it has not lapsed,
expired or been terminated, revoked or withdrawn and any conditions have been so
satisfied
Authorisations obtained? Copies of all required licenses, accreditations, permits, consents etc required to
operate the facility
Grid Code compliant? Confirmation from SO that Grid Code Compliance process has been satisfied (or from
DNO – Distribution Code) – includes commissioning acceptance tests
Settlement ready? Confirmation from the Settlement Agent that it has received information it requires to
undertake settlement (includes metering) – includes collateral
Installed generation
capacity?
Confirmation from generator that installed capacity is not less than a pre-specified
[85%] of the adjusted contracted quantity
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
26. Building to schedule [1]
26
Target Commissioning Window (TCW) and Long-Stop Date (LSD)
• Generator will receive full duration of CfD support if the Conditions Precedent are met within the TCW
• Clock starts ticking once outside the TCW
• CfD is terminated if the Conditions Precedent are not met by the Long-Stop Date
CfD
grant
Evidence of Substantive
Financial Commitment:
Obligation to demonstrate
financial commitment by reaching
financial investment decision, or
reaching a minimum spend
Target Commissioning
Window:
Window within which the developer
must commission the generator to
secure full support of the CfD.
Long-Stop
Date
Target Commissioning
Date
The CfD is terminated
if construction
surpasses a specified
long-stop date
15 year right to payment
automatically begins at
end of TCW
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
27. Building to schedule [2]
27
Indicative TCW and LSD, by technology
• We would like to explore some indicative timeframes by technology:
Technology TCD TCW
LSD
(following end
of TCW)
Biomass conversion
Specified by
developer
1-2 years 6-18 months
Onshore wind 6-12 months 6-18 months
Offshore wind 1-3 years 1-3 years
Solar PV 6-12 months 6-18 months
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
28. Capacity delivered
28
• As explained, we are currently exploring the potential to allow a limited
degree of flexibility on the contract quantity
• We would like to test this thinking for different technologies
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
CfD
grant
Evidence
of SFC TCW
CfD may be terminated if capacity
delivered is below a pre-defined
threshold (e.g. 85%).
Potential strike price reduction for
under-delivery (e.g. between 95 and
85% of adjusted capacity), s.t. FM
Initial
Application:
100%
Obligation to deliver:
100-95% (of adjusted
capacity)
Can
Adjust:
100-95%
Delivered
capacity
(before strike
price reductions)
29. Force majeure and other
exceptions
29
Exceptional circumstances affecting build timeframes
• The Long Stop Date may only be extended in limited circumstances:
1) The generator is affected by a Force Majeure event, or
2) Grid connection works are not delivered on time (except if due to the fault or negligence of
the generator)
• Force Majeure: “any event or circumstance that is beyond the reasonable control of
the generator which could not reasonably have been avoided or overcome and which
is not due to the fault or negligence of the generator or its contractors, sub-
contractors or agents.”
• Is bad weather covered?
Current thinking is that extreme one-off weather events would be covered (e.g. a
hurricane), but a rainy summer would not be covered (i.e. this would be picked up by the
TCW)
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
30. Questions for consideration
30
• Do the suggested TCWs and LSDs look acceptable for each technology?
• Do you agree with our proposed approach to enabling flexibility in the delivered capacity at the
time of SFC as well as commissioning?
• What feasible scenarios could be envisaged in which delivered capacity is less than contracted?
• Force majeure and other exceptions:
How should weather-related risks to commissioning be captured?
Are there any other events that should be considered as exceptional warranting an extension to the
LSD?
• As a whole, does the suggested approach mitigate developer / investor risk?
• If there are other risks you feel should be covered in this approach, please explain why would
Government or the consumer be best placed to bear or manage them?
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
31. Agenda
31
1. Introduction and session organisation
2. Development lifecycle by technology
3. Pre-development
4. Development
5. Financing
6. Construction and Commissioning
7. Collate feedback
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
33. Timing assumptions
33
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
Technology Pre-development
Period (years)
Construction
Period (years)
Biomass Conversion 2 1
Offshore wind (~1000 MW) 5-6 3
Onshore wind and solar (10-15 MW) 4 2
Onshore >5 MW 4 2
Marine (~20 MW)* 5-6 3
Pre-development and construction timings per technology
(Annex 1, DECC , Electricity Generation Cost, Oct 2012)
*In the absence of specific information, we have assumed that marine and tidal will have similar timelines to offshore wind
34. Capital cost breakdown across Pre-development
and Construction phases
34
Capital cost item Onshore
wind >5MW
Offshore
wind
Dedicated
Biomass
Biomass
Conversion
Marine*
Pre-development 3% 2% 1% 3% 2%
Construction 87% 91% 95% 68% 91%
Grid costs 5% 2% 2% 0% 2%
Other infrastructure 5% 5% 2% 29% 5%
Source: DECC/ARUP, Review of the generation costs and deployment potential of renewable electricity technologies in the UK, Oct 2011)
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy
• Pre-development costs include: public enquiries, licensing, radar mitigation, design
consultancy and habitat enforcement measures
• We have assumed that ‘Grid Costs’ includes the cost of use commitment payments –
securities and liabilities
*In the absence of specific information, we have assumed that marine and tidal will have similar timelines to offshore wind
35. Drawn-down profile assumptions
35
# of Pre-
development
years
Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 Yr4 Yr5 Yr6
1 100.00%
2 50.00% 50.00%
3 15.00% 35.00% 50.00%
4 5.00% 10.00% 35.00% 50.00%
5 5.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 35.00%
6 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 25.00%
Draw-down profile – Pre-development
(Baringa starting assumptions – to be discussed)
# of
Construction
years
Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 Yr4 Yr5 Yr6
1 100.00%
2 50.00% 50.00%
3 15.00% 35.00% 50.00%
4 5.00% 10.00% 35.00% 50.00%
5 5.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 35.00%
6 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 25.00%
Draw-down profile - Construction
(Baringa starting assumptions – to be discussed)
We recognise that
these profiles may
vary significantly
by technology.
DRAFT – This should not be taken to represent DECC Policy