This document discusses the SQL query language and database concepts. It covers the basic structure of SQL queries including the SELECT, FROM, and WHERE clauses. It describes how to define schemas and relations using the SQL data definition language including data types, primary keys, and foreign keys. It also discusses operations to modify databases such as INSERT, DELETE, ALTER TABLE, and DROP TABLE.
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 4 of the textbook "Database System Concepts". It discusses join operations between relations, including outer joins. It also covers views, transactions, integrity constraints, SQL data types, indexes, and authorization. Specific topics covered include view definitions and updates, materialized views, referential integrity constraints, and built-in data types like date and timestamp.
The document provides an overview of database systems and concepts. It discusses how database management systems (DBMS) are used to store and manage data in an organized way. A DBMS contains data about an enterprise, programs to access the data, and provides a convenient environment. It also describes common data models like relational and object-oriented models, database design approaches, and core components of a database system like storage management, query processing, and transaction management.
The document discusses key concepts of relational databases and relational algebra. It defines what a relation is as a set of tuples with attributes, and covers attribute types, keys, relations schemas and instances. It also summarizes the core relational algebra operations of selection, projection, join, union, difference and Cartesian product and how they are used to manipulate and query relations.
This document discusses the SQL query language and database concepts. It covers the basic structure of SQL queries including the SELECT, FROM, and WHERE clauses. It describes how to define schemas and relations using the SQL data definition language including data types, primary keys, and foreign keys. It also discusses operations to modify databases such as INSERT, DELETE, ALTER TABLE, and DROP TABLE.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 3 of the textbook "Database System Concepts". It discusses the following topics in SQL:
1. Data definition language allows specification of schemas, integrity constraints, and authorization information for relations.
2. Basic queries in SQL involve SELECT, FROM, and WHERE clauses that correspond to projection, Cartesian product, and selection in relational algebra.
3. SQL supports data types, integrity constraints, insertion and deletion of tuples, and modification of tables through DROP, ALTER, and CREATE statements.
4. Advanced query features include aggregation, null values, subqueries, joins, views and modification of the database.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 3 from the textbook "Database System Concepts, 7th Ed." by Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan. It covers the history and components of SQL, data definition and manipulation languages, basic query structure, predicates, null values, and set operations in SQL. Key topics include the CREATE TABLE statement, data types, integrity constraints, SELECT statements, joins, ordering results, and aggregate functions.
The document discusses SQL database concepts including:
- The SQL data definition language allows specification of schemas, integrity constraints, and other metadata.
- Relations are defined using CREATE TABLE statements which specify attributes and their data types.
- Basic queries use SELECT, FROM, and WHERE clauses to retrieve and filter tuples from one or more relations.
- Integrity constraints like PRIMARY KEY and NOT NULL can be defined to enforce data validity.
- SQL supports operations like JOIN, aggregation, sorting, and more.
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 4 of the textbook "Database System Concepts". It discusses join operations between relations, including outer joins. It also covers views, transactions, integrity constraints, SQL data types, indexes, and authorization. Specific topics covered include view definitions and updates, materialized views, referential integrity constraints, and built-in data types like date and timestamp.
The document provides an overview of database systems and concepts. It discusses how database management systems (DBMS) are used to store and manage data in an organized way. A DBMS contains data about an enterprise, programs to access the data, and provides a convenient environment. It also describes common data models like relational and object-oriented models, database design approaches, and core components of a database system like storage management, query processing, and transaction management.
The document discusses key concepts of relational databases and relational algebra. It defines what a relation is as a set of tuples with attributes, and covers attribute types, keys, relations schemas and instances. It also summarizes the core relational algebra operations of selection, projection, join, union, difference and Cartesian product and how they are used to manipulate and query relations.
This document discusses the SQL query language and database concepts. It covers the basic structure of SQL queries including the SELECT, FROM, and WHERE clauses. It describes how to define schemas and relations using the SQL data definition language including data types, primary keys, and foreign keys. It also discusses operations to modify databases such as INSERT, DELETE, ALTER TABLE, and DROP TABLE.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 3 of the textbook "Database System Concepts". It discusses the following topics in SQL:
1. Data definition language allows specification of schemas, integrity constraints, and authorization information for relations.
2. Basic queries in SQL involve SELECT, FROM, and WHERE clauses that correspond to projection, Cartesian product, and selection in relational algebra.
3. SQL supports data types, integrity constraints, insertion and deletion of tuples, and modification of tables through DROP, ALTER, and CREATE statements.
4. Advanced query features include aggregation, null values, subqueries, joins, views and modification of the database.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 3 from the textbook "Database System Concepts, 7th Ed." by Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan. It covers the history and components of SQL, data definition and manipulation languages, basic query structure, predicates, null values, and set operations in SQL. Key topics include the CREATE TABLE statement, data types, integrity constraints, SELECT statements, joins, ordering results, and aggregate functions.
The document discusses SQL database concepts including:
- The SQL data definition language allows specification of schemas, integrity constraints, and other metadata.
- Relations are defined using CREATE TABLE statements which specify attributes and their data types.
- Basic queries use SELECT, FROM, and WHERE clauses to retrieve and filter tuples from one or more relations.
- Integrity constraints like PRIMARY KEY and NOT NULL can be defined to enforce data validity.
- SQL supports operations like JOIN, aggregation, sorting, and more.
The document describes the relational model used in database systems. It defines key concepts like relations, relation schemas, tuples, attributes, domains, keys, and foreign keys. It also explains the basic relational algebra operations like select, project, join, union, difference etc. and provides examples of how to write queries using these operations on sample relations like customer, account, loan etc. to retrieve required information from the database.
The document introduces common data types in SQL such as char, varchar, int, numeric, and date. It describes how to create databases and tables using SQL statements like CREATE DATABASE, CREATE TABLE, INSERT INTO, and ALTER TABLE. It also covers SQL queries using SELECT, FROM, WHERE, ORDER BY, LIKE and other clauses to retrieve and filter data from one or more tables.
This document discusses SQL commands for defining and manipulating database tables. It covers creating tables with columns, primary keys, and foreign keys. It also covers SQL commands for data manipulation, including select statements, order by, aggregate functions, group by, subqueries, and joins. It emphasizes the importance of learning SQL through practice and provides references for further reading.
This document discusses relational database design and informal guidelines for designing good relational schemas. It covers four main guidelines: 1) ensuring attribute semantics are clear, 2) reducing redundant information and update anomalies, 3) reducing null values, and 4) avoiding spurious tuples. It also discusses functional dependencies, which specify constraints on how attributes relate to each other and can be used to measure schema quality. Functional dependencies must hold for all possible instances of a relation.
The document summarizes key concepts in SQL, including:
1) SQL allows defining schemas, inserting/deleting tuples, and modifying databases through commands like CREATE TABLE, INSERT, DELETE.
2) Basic queries use SELECT, FROM, WHERE clauses to project, join and filter relations similarly to relational algebra.
3) SQL supports additional features like aggregation, null values, subqueries and views.
Database Design and Normalization TechniquesNishant Munjal
The document discusses database normalization and its goals. It defines various normalization forms including first, second, third normal forms and Boyce-Codd normal form. It explains concepts like functional dependencies, transitive dependencies and multi-valued dependencies. Examples are given to illustrate anomalies like update, deletion and insertion anomalies that can occur without normalization. The benefits of normalization in removing redundancy and ensuring data integrity are also highlighted.
SQL is a programming language used to manage data in relational database systems. It can be used to create, query, update, and modify relational databases. SQL comprises both data definition and data manipulation languages that allow users to define and modify database schemas as well as store, retrieve, and manage data within databases. Some key advantages of SQL include high speed for retrieving large amounts of data, adherence to well-defined standards, and not requiring coding to manage database systems.
The document discusses the relational model for databases including:
1) The structure of relational databases including relations, tuples, attributes, domains, relation schemas, and relation instances.
2) Relational algebra which is a procedural query language using operators like select, project, join, and set operations.
3) Additional concepts like keys, normalization, and an example banking schema to demonstrate relational queries.
The document discusses the relational model for databases including:
1) The structure of relational databases including relations, tuples, attributes, domains, relation schemas, and relation instances.
2) Relational algebra which is a procedural query language using operators like select, project, join, and set operations.
3) Additional concepts like keys, normalization, and an example banking schema to demonstrate relational queries.
SQL is a language used to create, access, and manipulate data in databases. SQL statements are categorized into data definition language, data manipulation language, data control language, transaction control language, and embedded SQL statements. Data definition language statements define, alter, or drop database objects. Data manipulation language statements query or manipulate data in existing database objects. Data control language statements grant and revoke privileges to users. Transaction control language statements manage transactions of data manipulation language statements. Embedded SQL statements incorporate other SQL statements into procedural programs.
The document provides an overview of the basic structure and features of the SQL language, including: select, from, where clauses; aggregate functions; set operations; null values; and more. It describes the typical components of an SQL query, how they map to relational algebra operations, and provides examples to illustrate various SQL concepts and capabilities.
The document discusses Structured Query Language (SQL). It introduces SQL and provides information on its architecture, commands, data types, and use for data warehousing. SQL is described as a language for storing, manipulating, and retrieving data in relational database management systems. Common SQL commands are listed as CREATE, SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and DROP.
This document defines SQL data definition statements and basic SQL query structure. It discusses DDL statements like CREATE, ALTER, and DROP that are used to define and manage database structures. It also explains the typical components of an SQL query including the SELECT, FROM, and WHERE clauses. Finally, it outlines several set operations in SQL like UNION, UNION ALL, INTERSECT, and MINUS.
This chapter discusses the SQL (Structured Query Language) which is used for managing data in relational database management systems. It covers key topics in SQL including data definition, basic query structure using SELECT, FROM and WHERE clauses, set operations, aggregate functions, null values, nested subqueries, views, data modification and joined relations. The document provides examples of SQL statements for creating tables, defining domains, inserting data, querying, and modifying data.
The document provides information about Structured Query Language (SQL) including its basic concepts, data types, CREATE TABLE and INSERT commands, constraints, operators and data modifications. It defines key SQL concepts such as relations, attributes, tuples, primary keys, foreign keys and discusses SQL's capabilities for data definition, manipulation, queries and transaction control. Examples are given for creating a table and inserting records into the table.
This document provides an overview of SQL and relational database concepts. It discusses how SQL is used to interact with relational database management systems like MySQL, including inserting and querying data. The summary also provides a brief history of SQL and explains some basic SQL syntax. Examples are given to demonstrate creating tables and relating data between tables to represent real-world entities and their relationships.
This document provides an overview of SQL and relational database concepts. It describes the history and standards of SQL, data definition and domain types in SQL, basic query structure including the SELECT, FROM, and WHERE clauses, and DML operations like INSERT, DELETE, and ALTER TABLE. Examples of table schemas and queries involving joins, aggregation, and renaming are provided to illustrate SQL syntax and capabilities.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 3 from the textbook "Database System Concepts, 6th Ed." by Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan. The chapter introduces SQL, including its history, data definition language, data types, basic query structure using SELECT, FROM, and WHERE clauses, and additional query capabilities like aggregation, subqueries and string operations. It also covers modifying the database using INSERT, DELETE, ALTER and DROP statements.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 3 from the textbook "Database System Concepts, 6th Ed." by Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan. It discusses the history and standards of SQL, the data definition language for creating tables with attributes and constraints, basic query structure using SELECT, FROM, and WHERE clauses, and examples of joins, renaming, and self joins.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 3 from the textbook "Database System Concepts, 6th Ed." by Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan. The chapter introduces SQL, including its history, data definition language, data types, basic query structure using SELECT, FROM, and WHERE clauses, and additional query capabilities like aggregation, subqueries, string operations and more. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate SQL concepts and syntax.
The document describes the relational model used in database systems. It defines key concepts like relations, relation schemas, tuples, attributes, domains, keys, and foreign keys. It also explains the basic relational algebra operations like select, project, join, union, difference etc. and provides examples of how to write queries using these operations on sample relations like customer, account, loan etc. to retrieve required information from the database.
The document introduces common data types in SQL such as char, varchar, int, numeric, and date. It describes how to create databases and tables using SQL statements like CREATE DATABASE, CREATE TABLE, INSERT INTO, and ALTER TABLE. It also covers SQL queries using SELECT, FROM, WHERE, ORDER BY, LIKE and other clauses to retrieve and filter data from one or more tables.
This document discusses SQL commands for defining and manipulating database tables. It covers creating tables with columns, primary keys, and foreign keys. It also covers SQL commands for data manipulation, including select statements, order by, aggregate functions, group by, subqueries, and joins. It emphasizes the importance of learning SQL through practice and provides references for further reading.
This document discusses relational database design and informal guidelines for designing good relational schemas. It covers four main guidelines: 1) ensuring attribute semantics are clear, 2) reducing redundant information and update anomalies, 3) reducing null values, and 4) avoiding spurious tuples. It also discusses functional dependencies, which specify constraints on how attributes relate to each other and can be used to measure schema quality. Functional dependencies must hold for all possible instances of a relation.
The document summarizes key concepts in SQL, including:
1) SQL allows defining schemas, inserting/deleting tuples, and modifying databases through commands like CREATE TABLE, INSERT, DELETE.
2) Basic queries use SELECT, FROM, WHERE clauses to project, join and filter relations similarly to relational algebra.
3) SQL supports additional features like aggregation, null values, subqueries and views.
Database Design and Normalization TechniquesNishant Munjal
The document discusses database normalization and its goals. It defines various normalization forms including first, second, third normal forms and Boyce-Codd normal form. It explains concepts like functional dependencies, transitive dependencies and multi-valued dependencies. Examples are given to illustrate anomalies like update, deletion and insertion anomalies that can occur without normalization. The benefits of normalization in removing redundancy and ensuring data integrity are also highlighted.
SQL is a programming language used to manage data in relational database systems. It can be used to create, query, update, and modify relational databases. SQL comprises both data definition and data manipulation languages that allow users to define and modify database schemas as well as store, retrieve, and manage data within databases. Some key advantages of SQL include high speed for retrieving large amounts of data, adherence to well-defined standards, and not requiring coding to manage database systems.
The document discusses the relational model for databases including:
1) The structure of relational databases including relations, tuples, attributes, domains, relation schemas, and relation instances.
2) Relational algebra which is a procedural query language using operators like select, project, join, and set operations.
3) Additional concepts like keys, normalization, and an example banking schema to demonstrate relational queries.
The document discusses the relational model for databases including:
1) The structure of relational databases including relations, tuples, attributes, domains, relation schemas, and relation instances.
2) Relational algebra which is a procedural query language using operators like select, project, join, and set operations.
3) Additional concepts like keys, normalization, and an example banking schema to demonstrate relational queries.
SQL is a language used to create, access, and manipulate data in databases. SQL statements are categorized into data definition language, data manipulation language, data control language, transaction control language, and embedded SQL statements. Data definition language statements define, alter, or drop database objects. Data manipulation language statements query or manipulate data in existing database objects. Data control language statements grant and revoke privileges to users. Transaction control language statements manage transactions of data manipulation language statements. Embedded SQL statements incorporate other SQL statements into procedural programs.
The document provides an overview of the basic structure and features of the SQL language, including: select, from, where clauses; aggregate functions; set operations; null values; and more. It describes the typical components of an SQL query, how they map to relational algebra operations, and provides examples to illustrate various SQL concepts and capabilities.
The document discusses Structured Query Language (SQL). It introduces SQL and provides information on its architecture, commands, data types, and use for data warehousing. SQL is described as a language for storing, manipulating, and retrieving data in relational database management systems. Common SQL commands are listed as CREATE, SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and DROP.
This document defines SQL data definition statements and basic SQL query structure. It discusses DDL statements like CREATE, ALTER, and DROP that are used to define and manage database structures. It also explains the typical components of an SQL query including the SELECT, FROM, and WHERE clauses. Finally, it outlines several set operations in SQL like UNION, UNION ALL, INTERSECT, and MINUS.
This chapter discusses the SQL (Structured Query Language) which is used for managing data in relational database management systems. It covers key topics in SQL including data definition, basic query structure using SELECT, FROM and WHERE clauses, set operations, aggregate functions, null values, nested subqueries, views, data modification and joined relations. The document provides examples of SQL statements for creating tables, defining domains, inserting data, querying, and modifying data.
The document provides information about Structured Query Language (SQL) including its basic concepts, data types, CREATE TABLE and INSERT commands, constraints, operators and data modifications. It defines key SQL concepts such as relations, attributes, tuples, primary keys, foreign keys and discusses SQL's capabilities for data definition, manipulation, queries and transaction control. Examples are given for creating a table and inserting records into the table.
This document provides an overview of SQL and relational database concepts. It discusses how SQL is used to interact with relational database management systems like MySQL, including inserting and querying data. The summary also provides a brief history of SQL and explains some basic SQL syntax. Examples are given to demonstrate creating tables and relating data between tables to represent real-world entities and their relationships.
This document provides an overview of SQL and relational database concepts. It describes the history and standards of SQL, data definition and domain types in SQL, basic query structure including the SELECT, FROM, and WHERE clauses, and DML operations like INSERT, DELETE, and ALTER TABLE. Examples of table schemas and queries involving joins, aggregation, and renaming are provided to illustrate SQL syntax and capabilities.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 3 from the textbook "Database System Concepts, 6th Ed." by Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan. The chapter introduces SQL, including its history, data definition language, data types, basic query structure using SELECT, FROM, and WHERE clauses, and additional query capabilities like aggregation, subqueries and string operations. It also covers modifying the database using INSERT, DELETE, ALTER and DROP statements.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 3 from the textbook "Database System Concepts, 6th Ed." by Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan. It discusses the history and standards of SQL, the data definition language for creating tables with attributes and constraints, basic query structure using SELECT, FROM, and WHERE clauses, and examples of joins, renaming, and self joins.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 3 from the textbook "Database System Concepts, 6th Ed." by Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan. The chapter introduces SQL, including its history, data definition language, data types, basic query structure using SELECT, FROM, and WHERE clauses, and additional query capabilities like aggregation, subqueries, string operations and more. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate SQL concepts and syntax.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 3 from the textbook "Database System Concepts, 6th Ed." by Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan. The chapter introduces SQL, including its history, data definition language, data types, basic query structure using SELECT, FROM, and WHERE clauses, and additional query capabilities like aggregation, subqueries and string operations. The document is made up of multiple slides that cover these SQL topics at a high-level.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 3 from the textbook "Database System Concepts, 6th Ed." by Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan. It introduces SQL, covering its history, data definition language, data types, CREATE TABLE statement, integrity constraints, updating tables, basic query structure using SELECT, FROM, and WHERE clauses, and examples of joins, renaming, and self joins.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 3 from the textbook "Database System Concepts, 6th Ed." by Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan. It introduces SQL, covering its history, data definition language, data types, CREATE TABLE statement, integrity constraints, updating tables, basic query structure using SELECT, FROM, and WHERE clauses, and examples of joins, renaming, and self joins.
This document summarizes the contents of Chapter 3 from the textbook "Database System Concepts, 5th Ed." by Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan. The chapter covers the basics of the SQL language, including data definition, query structure, set operations, aggregate functions, null values, views and modification of databases. Key SQL concepts are explained such as creating tables, inserting and deleting tuples, integrity constraints, joins, and aggregation. Examples are provided to illustrate SQL statements and relational algebra translations.
This chapter discusses SQL (Structured Query Language), the most popular language for interacting with relational database management systems. The chapter covers SQL's data definition language for defining schemas, domains, and integrity constraints. It also covers the basic SELECT statement structure for queries with FROM, WHERE, and JOIN clauses. Additional topics include views, data modification, and aggregation functions.
The document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 2 of the textbook "Database System Concepts". It introduces the relational model and relational algebra. The relational model uses relations (tables) to store data and relational algebra contains operations like select, project, join etc. to manipulate these relations. Some key points covered are the structure of relational databases, database schema, keys, relational query languages like SQL, and the core operators of relational algebra.
This document provides an overview of SQL (Structured Query Language) including its history, data definition and manipulation capabilities. Key topics covered include SQL's data types, basic queries using SELECT, FROM and WHERE clauses, joins, aggregation, null values, triggers and indexes. The document also discusses SQL standards over time and commercial database implementations of SQL features.
This document summarizes key aspects of SQL (Structured Query Language) covered in Chapter 3:
1) SQL is used to define the schema of database relations, perform queries on those relations, and modify the data. It is based on relational algebra operations.
2) The basic structure of an SQL query includes SELECT, FROM, and WHERE clauses to project attributes, specify relations, and apply selection predicates respectively.
3) Data definition language (DDL) commands like CREATE TABLE define relations and their attributes. Integrity constraints can also be specified.
4) Queries return relations and can use operators, expressions, and aggregation functions on attributes in the SELECT clause.
This document provides an introduction to SQL (Structured Query Language). SQL is a language used to define, query, modify, and control relational databases. The document outlines the main SQL commands for data definition (CREATE, ALTER, DROP), data manipulation (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE), and data control (GRANT, REVOKE). It also discusses SQL data types, integrity constraints, and how to use SELECT statements to query databases using projections, selections, comparisons, logical conditions, and ordering. The FROM clause is introduced as specifying the relations involved in a query.
This document summarizes key concepts relating to the relational model in database systems, including:
- The structure of relational databases and examples of relations and tuples.
- Relational algebra as a procedural query language consisting of operations like selection, projection, join, union and set differences.
- Nonprocedural query languages like tuple and domain relational calculus.
- Examples of relational algebra operations like selection, projection, join, union and set differences applied to relations.
The document discusses key concepts of the relational database model from Chapter 2 of the textbook "Database System Concepts, 6th Edition". It describes the structure of relations, which are tables made up of rows and columns. It defines entity types like attributes and tuples, and explains primary keys, foreign keys, and relationship types like one-to-one and one-to-many. It also introduces the algebraic operations of the relational algebra, which provides a declarative query language for relational databases including selection, projection, join, union and set differences.
This document provides an overview of SQL and relational database concepts. It begins with a brief history of SQL and standards. It then covers data definition language to define database schemas, basic query structure using SELECT, FROM, and WHERE clauses, and additional SQL features like joins, null values, aggregate functions, and modifying databases. It provides examples of creating tables, inserting and deleting data, and performing various types of queries.
This document contains lecture slides about Chapter 4 of the textbook "Database System Concepts, 7th Ed." by Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan. The chapter covers intermediate SQL topics like join expressions, integrity constraints, SQL data types and schemas, views, transactions, indexes and authorization. Specific topics discussed include natural joins, outer joins, integrity constraints, user-defined types, schemas and views.
Relational Algebra and relational queries .pptShahidSultan24
This document describes chapter 6 of the textbook "Database System Concepts, 6th Ed." which covers formal relational query languages. It introduces relational algebra as a procedural query language with basic operators like select, project, union, set difference, cartesian product, and rename. It also covers tuple and domain relational calculus. Examples of relational algebra queries are provided to find the largest salary or names of instructors and courses taught. Additional relational algebra concepts like composition of operations, set intersection, natural join, assignment, and outer join are also summarized.
The document describes features supported by Data Definition Language (DDL) in SQL, including:
- Specifying the schema, domain values, integrity constraints, indices, security information, and physical storage for each relation.
- Defining SQL relations using the CREATE TABLE command and specifying attribute names, data types, and integrity constraints.
- Deleting and altering relations using DROP TABLE and ALTER TABLE commands.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.