Workshop on Alignment & implementation of National Action programmes with the UNCCD 10-year Strategy in the Arab Region League of Arab States (18- 20 June 2014), Dubai - UAE IUCN, Mrs Fidaa Haddad

1. Setting Up
International Union for Conservation of Nature

2. Setting Up
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Between 10 and 20% of drylandsaresubject to
desertification
Desertification exacerbatespoverty, createsfood
and water insecurity and aggravatesconflict
Global cost of desertification: 42 billion USD
annually
Estimated cost of preventing it: 2.4 billion USD
DESERTIFICATION IS DEFINEDBY UNCCDAS:
LANDDEGRADATION IN THEDRYLANDS

3. Setting Up
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Overgrazing of rangeland,
Inappropriateland management that encourages
soil erosion by wind and water,
Inappropriateirrigation management leading to
salinization,
Degradation of thenatural vegetativediversity.
 In addition to land usechange.
Degradation of the natural vegetative diversity.
NATURALLY ANDHUMAN
ACTIVITIES.

4. DRIVERS OFDESERTIFICATION
 Poor understanding of dryland ecology
 Weak consultation with resourcemanagers
 Weak communal tenurearrangementsand governance
 Unsupportivepoliciesand investments
 Human poverty and population dynamics
 Climatechangeand climatic uncertainty
 Fragmentation of landscapes
Desertification is one of today’s
greatest environmental challenges,
and is a majorimpediment to
meeting basic human needs in
drylands and elsewhere

5. Setting Up
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Different initiativesto restoreland and managed biodiversity:
 Researches
Infrastructure
Protected Areas
AwarenessCampaigns
………………….
………….
…………………
RESPONDING TO CHALLENGES IN DRYLANDS

6. Setting Up

7. Setting Up
International Union for Conservation of Nature
GOVERNANCEANDMANAGEMENT
What is thedifferencebetween management and governance!!!!!!!!
what is donein pursuit of
conservation objectives the
means and actions to achieve
such objectives
...is about...Management
who decides what to do
how those decisions are
taken
who holds power, authority
and responsibility
who is (or should be) held
accountable
...is about...Governance

8. Setting Up
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Governancetypesaredefined on:
Basisof “who holdsmanagement authority and responsibility
and can beheld accountable” for aspecific protected area
IUCN RECOGNIZEFOURBROADTYPES OF
GOVERNANCE
TheFour Typesare:
A. Governanceby government
B. Shared governance
C. Privategovernance
D. Governanceby indigenouspeoplesand local
communities

9. Setting Up
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Different
Perspectives
Governance Type A
Governance by Government
Governance Type B
Shared Governance
Governance Type C &
D
Private governance
and
By local Community
Government
Agency
Enforcing rulesand repressing
violations
Negotiating specific
agreement
Sharing responsibility
informal way
Recognizing transferring
authoritiesand
responsibilities
Local
Community
Losing all control on land
resources
Letting government takemost
of decisions
Negotiating agreement
to shareformally or
informally the
management authority
and responsibility
Conserving or talking on
full management
authority and
responsibility and
remaining independents
NGO Let thegovernment dealing with
that alone
Support government to
communicatewith local
actorsand achievetheir
support
Facilitating the
negotiation of specific
management agreement
Letting thelocal actors
deal with that alone
HOWDIFFERENTACTORS ASSESS THE
GOVERNANCETYPES ???

10. International Union for Conservation of Nature
SO GOOD
GOVERNANCEIS
It isInteraction between theStateand itsCitizens
 Rules– lawsand other norms
 Institutions
 Processes
 Principles
GOVERNANCE
IS MORETHAN
GOVERNMENT

11. ◘
◘
◘
◘
Transparency
Predictability/
“Rule of Law”
Accountability
Participation
Laws and other norms
Institutions
Processes
Tonle Sap exercise

12. Setting Up

13. International Union for Conservation of Nature
ITIS A
COMMUNITY
CONSERVEDAREA
ITIS IN PRACTICE
PA CATEGORY 5
HIMA /AGDAL= GOVERNANCEHIMA /AGDAL= GOVERNANCE
MODELMODEL

14. Setting Up
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Indicative guide to restoration in different IUCN categories
Ia
Strict
Nature
Reserve
Lb
Wilderness
areas
ii. National
Park
iii
Natural
Monumen
t
Iv
Habitat/
Species
Manag
ement
V
Protected
Landscap
e/
Seascape
Vi
Managed
Resourc
e
Restoration through natural processes as a result of protection
Active time- limited restoration
Continuous restoration
Continuous Restoration for
biodiversity and human needs
CAN TOPDOWN BEWISEFORCAN TOPDOWN BEWISEFOR
RESTORATION ????!!!!!!!RESTORATION ????!!!!!!!

15. Setting Up
International Union for Conservation of Nature
SOSO
HIMA IN A MANAGEMENTANDGOVERNANCEHIMA IN A MANAGEMENTANDGOVERNANCE
MATRIXMATRIX

16. Setting Up
CONSERVE= RESERVE
WILLSHAREWITHYOU WHATWEOBSERVE!!!!!!

17.  TheZarqaRiver Basin representsa
transitional area between the semi
arid high lands in thewest to thedry
desert in theeast.
 Biodiversity is being lost and improper
land use and heavy ground water
extraction areimportant causesof
degradation of land and vegetation.
3,900 Km2
area
A CASEFROMZARQA RIVERBASIN!!!!!!A CASEFROMZARQA RIVERBASIN!!!!!!

18. International Union for Conservation of Nature
Strengthening Local Government:
- To reach thestageof full decentralization
thecapacity building
Empowerment local level:
- Empowering thelocal community to beable
to participatein thedecision making process
concerning their natural resources.
It will probably gives furtherinsights in decision-making and concerted actions processes, while
deepening understanding on attitudes and believes of
related Stakeholders
Through building theiraccountability
STRENGTHEN GOVERNANCE

19. LEGITIMISING HIMA
 Legal avenuesidentified and political
dialogueto identify acceptableapproaches
 Land for protection identified by communities
 Allocation of land approved by government
 Dept. rangelands and Badiadevelopment
 Dept tourism and antiquities
Rulesand regulationsdeveloped by
communities
Inter-community dialogueto enforce
rules: enforcement iskey

20. WHATWEDIDNOTDO
 Investment in infrastructure
 Fencing
 Extensivetechnical advice
The key is community autonomy and
leadership with government support

21. Setting Up

22.  4 plotsunder improved management
and conservation (approx. 1000 ha)
 Running 4 yearsso end-resultsare
modest
 Major changein attitudeand
behaviour amongst communities
 Significant support from Jordanian
Ministry of Agriculture
 Updating RangeLand strategy
RESULTS

23.  Biodiversity benefits: recovery of
floral species
 Defacto IUCN Protected Area
Category 5
 Built on local knowledgeand
expertisein conservation and
rangeland management
 Dual development and conservation
impacts
RESULTS

24. RESULTS
 Return of plantswith medicinal
values(e.g. artemesia spp.)
 Return of wildlifeand possible
hunting concessions(e.g. partridge)

25. Setting Up

26. International Union for Conservation of Nature
Women’suniqueknowledgeand skillsareessential
for effectivecombating and conservation measuresand
policies.
Women areimportant agentsof changeasmanagers
of natural resources
Supporting economic and incomegenerating options
for rural communities.

27. International Union for Conservation of Nature
BANIHASHEM HIMA SITEBANIHASHEM HIMA SITE

28. International Union for Conservation of Nature
Year
2013 2014 2015 2016
HBH 1
Grazing
HBH 1
No Grazing
HBH 1
Grazing
HBH 1
No Grazing
HBH 2
Grazing
HBH 2
Grazing
HBH 2
No Grazing
HBH 2
Grazing
HBH 3
No Grazing
HBH 3
Grazing
HBH 3
Grazing
HBH 3
Grazing
Grazing plan 2013 - 2016 of Hima Bani Hashem range site.
BANIHASHEM HIMA SITEBANIHASHEM HIMA SITE

29. International Union for Conservation of Nature
BANIHASHEM HIMA SITEBANIHASHEM HIMA SITE

30. International Union for Conservation of Nature
BANIHASHEM HIMA SITEBANIHASHEM HIMA SITE

31. International Union for Conservation of Nature
The sustainability of specific NRMmeasures are atThe sustainability of specific NRMmeasures are at
riskriskwhen thosedirectly concerned in local communities
arenot involved and haveno ownership over theresource
or theway it isused and managed.

32. Setting Up
POSSIBILITIES AREENDLESS

33. Setting Up

34. International Union for Conservation of Nature
Thestarting point for restoring rangelandsand reviving Himaisto address
social rather than technological constraints.
Reviving Himaisthereforeaprocessrather than an action and whilst it is
highly cost-effective.
A number of examplesof reviving Himaexist in theArab region,
demonstrating common principlesaswell aslocal adaptations.
 Evidenceshowsthat Himaisaway to optimisemanagement of the
rangelandsto deliver economic and environmental benefits,
Associated social benefits, and contributeto relevant international targets.

35. International Union for Conservation of Nature
TO MOVEFROMSCATTEREDGOOD
PRACTICES TOWARDS MORESYSTEMATIC
SCALEUPOFHIMA
Strengthen land stewardship and communal tenure;
Strengthen scientific and economic evidenceand local knowledgeto providesystematic
monitoring for quality assurance;
Createan enabling environment of policy and institutional support and addressthe
cross-sectoral natureof Hima;
Develop incentivesand rewardsfor themultipleand diversebenefitsof Hima;
Build capacity and awarenessin public institutionsand communities, with particular
focuson theskillsof participation, empowerment and monitoring;
Build partnershipsand networksfor experiencesharing, knowledgeand capacity
building, and to maximisethetrans-boundary and international benefitsof Hima;
Initiateappropriatestepsfor resourcemobilisation.

36. Setting Up