A database management system (DBMS) is software that facilitates the creation and management of databases, involving data, the database engine, and the schema. There are several types of databases, including relational, flat, object-oriented, and hierarchical, each with distinct advantages and disadvantages such as ease of data management, security, and cost. Relational databases offer ease of updates and security, whereas flat databases are simpler but have limitations in data consistency and search efficiency.

1. DatabaseManagement Systemand it’s Pros and Cons
A database managementsystem(DBMS) is asoftware throughwhichdatabase iscreatedand managed.
DBMS isa way through whichusers andprogrammersto create,retrieve,updateand managedata.
The DBMS manages three things:the data,the database engine andthe database schema.
Typesof database organization:
1) Relational Database:RelationshipDatabase presentsinformationintableswithrowsandcolumns.
Advantages:
 Data can be easilychanged.
 Securitycan be maintainedeasily
 Data duplicationisavoided
 Updationinthe data can be done easily
Disadvantages:
 Data Complexity
 settingupand maintainingthe database systemisexpensive
2) Flat Database:Inthis database consistof one large table insteadof several interconnected
tables.
Advantages:
 Hardware and software requirementsisminimal
 Suitedbestforsmall databases.
 Easy to understandandimplementationisalsoeasy.
Disadvantages:
 Time consumingsearchingprocess.
 Data is notconsistent
 Lesssecurity
 Sharingof informationislittle difficulttask
3) ObjectOrientedDatabase: Inthiskindof Database informationisrepresentedinthe formof objects.
Advantages:

2.  Maintenace isreduced.
 Model the real world
Disadvantages:
 Do not provide adequate security
 Lack of standards
4) Hierarchical Database: Inthis, data is organizedintoatree-likestructure .Itusesa one-to-many
Relationship
Advantages:
 Navigationprocessgetfaster.
 Ease of understanding.
Disadvantage:
 Rigidstructure.