This document discusses databases and database management systems (DBMS). It defines a database as a collection of related records and files that can be accessed electronically. It notes that a DBMS is software that facilitates creating, organizing, and maintaining databases for various applications. Some key benefits of a DBMS mentioned include more efficient data management, centralized data control, consistency across data used in different parts of an organization, and easier data sharing and availability. The document also provides examples of traditional file systems and some of their limitations compared to DBMS, such as data redundancy, inconsistency, lack of sharing, and poor security. Finally, it briefly outlines some popular DBMS software and highlights both advantages and disadvantages of using a DBMS.

1. DATABASE
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM

2. What is database?
A database is an integrated and logical
collection of related records and files. It is
a collection of tables, schedules, reports,
queries and other objects. A database
can be made manually and also can be
computerized. The size of database may
vary according to the nature and amount
of information. It provides an easy
access to the user to review the
information.
• Database is a set of information and facts.
Database
Files/tables
records
characters
Collection of
Contains
Formed of

3. Examples of database
• Attendance sheets of our classes.
• Our report cards or mark sheets.
• A payroll prepared on Microsoft Excel.
• Student records with the college/university.
• Bank statements etc.

4. Traditional File System
•Each file is independent of other file and data in the
different file can be integrated only by writing an individual
program for each application.
•The data and application program that uses the data are
arranged that any change to data requires modification of all
the programs that use the data.
•All functional areas in the organization create, processes
its own files.

5. Traditional File System

6. Problems with the Traditional File
System
• Data redundancy: The presence of
duplicate data in multiple data files so
that the same data are stored in more
than one place or location
• Data inconsistency: The same attribute
may have different values.

7. Problems with the Traditional File
System (Continued)
•Poor security: Because there is little control or
management of data, management will have no
knowledge of who is accessing or even making
changes to the organization’s data.
• Lack of data sharing and availability:
Information cannot flow freely across different
functional areas or different parts of the
organization. Users find different values of the
same piece of information in two different systems,
and hence they may not use these systems
because they cannot trust the accuracy of the
data.

8. Database Management System
The database management system or DMBS is a general purpose
software system which facilitates the process of defining,
constructing, arranging and maintaining databases for various
applications. In other words it is managing the databases.
** one can also easily alter or update
databases easily with the help of
DMBS software.
DBMS = database + DBMS software

9. Database Management System

10. IMPORTANCE OF DBMS
•It makes data management more efficient and effective.
•It provides easy access to better managed data.
•It helps in maintaining centralized control over data.
•It maintains accuracy and consistency of data among different
units of organisation.
•DBMS is independent program, therefore , it supports many
programs and there is no need to collect different data for
different programs.

11. DBMS SOFTWARE
Some of the DMBS software are:
• Ocrale database
• Microsoft SQL server
• Microsoft Access
• SQLite
• MySQL
• PostgreSQL
• IBM Informix
• Microsoft Excel
• Ingres

12. Advantages of DBMS
✓ EASY TO ACCESS: Presenting data
in the easiest form is the motive of
DBMS. It is done with the help of
various kinds of tables, charts,
diagrams and reports.
✓ DATA SHARING: with the help of
DBMS any kind of data can be easily
shared to all the authorized users.
Furthermore new applications can be
used to share the data.
✓ IMPROVED SECURITY: the database
administrator ensures that proper
access procedure is followed, including
proper authentications schemes for
access of the database.

13. ✓ EASY TO REPRESENT : since the data is
available in the form of tables and
diagrams, it becomes easy for the user to
represent the data to other people.
✓ ECONOMICAL : centralizing all the
organizational data into one database
results in saving a lot of cost. It also saves
the time of the user due to very easy
access.
✓ IMPROVED BACKUP AND DATA
QUALITY : DMBS facilitates for recovery
of damaged hardware and software failure
with the help of restore and backup
subsystem.

14. Disadvantages of DBMS
✓ OVERHEAD COST : when the size of
the database is huge, it requires a
powerful hardware platform and a
software for database management
which is quite expensive.
✓ OWNERSHIP PROBLEMS: for any
change in the database a user needs
to seek permission from the managers
of the company which makes it a
individual resource but it should be a
corporate resource which can be used
by any of the member of the
organization.

15. ✓ COMPLEXITY: The functionality of the
DBMS is expected to be very good which
makes it quite complex to use. Failure to
understand the functions properly can lead
to bad decisions, which can have serious
consequences to the organization.
✓ SIZE : the complexity and breadth of
functionality makes the DMBS an extremely
large piece of software which requires a
substantial amounts
of memory to run
efficiently.

16. Traditional File System vs. Database
Management System

18. Thank you