การจัการข้อมูล

1. 1
3
ก F
F ( F 2 8 16)
ִก
ִ F 2 8 16
ก F
ก F BCD, EBCDIC,
ASCII
ก F

2. 2
( 2,8,10,16)
Place Value: F ก F ก
F ก F กก F
ก ก F
Least significant digit : F ก
F
Most significant digit : F ก
ก F F ก ก ก F 10

3. 3
F
2 0,1
8 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
10 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
16 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F

4. 4
ก
ก ˈ 10
ก 10 ˈ
ก 2 ˈ 8 16
ก 8 16 ˈ 2

5. 5
ก ˈ 10
F ก
F ก
F ก
. . 11012 = ( )10
F ก
23 22 21 20
(1*8)+(1*4)+(0*2)+(1*1) = 13

6. 6
ก 10 ˈ
ก
F ก MODULO
ִ 10 ˈ F ก
ִ F ก กก
ִ F ก F F
ִ ก F ก F ˈ Most significant

7. 7
F ก 10 ˈ
132
2 6 1
2 3 0
1 1
1310 = ( )2
11012
1310 = ( ) 4
4 13
3 1
314

8. 8
ก 10 ˈ
ก : ก F ˈ 2 F
F F F MODULO
F
ִ F ก F
ִ F F F
F ก

9. 9
F ก 10 ˈ
132
2 6 1
2 3 0
1 1
13.4 10 = ( )2
.4 * 2 = 0 .8
.8 * 2 = 1 .6
.6 * 2 = 1 .2
.2 * 2 = 0 .4
Ans: 1101.01102

10. 10
ก 2 ˈ 8 16
กก Fก ก F
ִ 2 ˈ 8 ก F 3
ִ 2 ˈ 16 ก F 4
ก F ก F กก F F F 0

11. 11
F ก 2 ˈ 8
111112 = ( 37 ) 8
0 1 1
(0*4)+(1*2)+(1*1)
3 7
1 1 1
(1*4)+(1*2)+(1*1)

12. 12
F ก 2 ˈ 16
0001.112 = (1.C ) 16
1 1 0 0
(1*8)+(1*4)+(0*2)+(0*1)(0*8)+(0*4)+(0*2)+(1*1)
1
12
C
0 0 0 1 0 0

13. 13
ก 8 16 ˈ 2
F กก ก F ก ก ˈ
8 ก ก ˈ 2 F 3
16 ก ก ˈ 2 F 4

14. 14
F ก 8 16 ˈ 2
ก
738 =( ) 2
7 3
1 1 1 0 1 1
A316 = ( ) 2
10 3
1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
Ans: 1110112
Ans: 1010000116

15. 15
F ก 8 16 ˈ 2
ก
7.38 =( ) 2
7 . 3
1 1 1 0 1 1
A3.B16 = ( ) 2
10 3 . 11
1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
Ans: 111 . 0112
Ans: 10100001.101116
1 0 1 1

16. 16
ก
ก ก
ก
ก Complement

17. 17
ก ก
ก ก
1101.112
+
0111.012
10101.00 2
5345
+
1235
F F
F
5 5
F31C16
+
235016
1266C16

18. 18
ก
ก
4325
-
1435
2345
1011.0112
-
0111.1012
0011.1102

19. 19
ก F (Complement)
Complement ( F R ) 2
Complement R Complement R-1
R-1’ Comp. R’ Comp
2 1’ Comp 2’ Comp.
8 7’ Comp 8’ Comp
10 9’ Comp 10’ Comp

20. 20
ก F F
ก F R-1
ִ F F
ִ F F
ִ 2910 F 99
9’ Comp : 99 -29 = 70
ִ 101.112 F 111.11
1 ‘Comp : 111.11 - 101.11 = 010.00

21. 21
ก F F
ก F R
ִ F ก F F ก ก ก
F F F ก
ִ 2910 F ˈ
 10 ‘ Comp : (99 + 1) - 29 = 71
ִ 101.112 ˈ
 2 ‘Comp: (111.11 + .01) - 101.11 = 0010.01

22. 22
F ก ก ก F
ก R-1 Complement ก
ก ก
1’ Complement 2 ก F
F F ก F
F R-1 Complement F F ก F R
Complement F 1 ก
ִ 2’Comp = 1’ Comp + 1 ก

23. 23
ก F
F
F F ก ก
F F F ก ก
ִก R’ Comp. F
ִก R-1’ Comp. F ก ก กก F
F

24. 24
F ก F
R-1’ Comp.
4325 - 1435 = ?
1) 444 - 143 = 301
2) 432 +
301
1 233 +
1
234
1011.011 2- 111.1012 = ?
1) 111.111 - 111.101= 000.010
2) 1011.011 +
1000.010
1 0011.101 +
1
0011.110
1 0 1

25. 25
F ก F
F R
4325 - 1435 = ?
1) 1000 - 143 = 302
2) 432 +
302
1 234
1011.011 2- 111.1012 = ?
1) 10000.000 - 0111.101=1000.011
2) 1011.011 +
1000.011
1 0011.110

26. 26
F F ˈ F
ִ ก F F
ִ ก ก ก F F ก ก
F ˈ F ก F ก
ִ ก F F F F
F ˈ F ก
F ก F
***ก F F ก F

27. 27
F ก F
***ก F F ก F
ตัวอยาง 10112-11002= ?
1011+
0011
1110
2
1111-1110 = 0001-3
1111-1100= 00111
F
R-1 complement
ขอแตกตางจาก R comp.

28. 28
F F ˈ F
ִ ก F F
ִ ก ก ก F F ก ก
F ˈ F ก F ก
ִ ก F F F F
F ˈ F ก
F ก F
***ก F F ก F

29. 29
F ก F
***ก F F ก F
ตัวอยาง 10112-11002= ?
1011+
0100
1111
2
10000-1111 = 0001-3
10000-1100= 01001
คําถาม : ใชวิธีลบแบบใดอยู
R-1 หรือ R complement ?
ดูจาก

30. 30
ก F F
Data Representation
ก F ˈ ก (Alphanumeric
Data Representation)
ก F ˈ (Numeric Data
Representation)
ִ (Integer Representation)
ִ (Floating Point Representation)

31. 31
ก F ˈ ก
BCD : Binary Coded Decimal Code
EBCDIC: Extended Binary Coded
Decimal Interchange Code
ASCII : American Standard Code for
Information Interchange

32. 32
BCD
F 6 ก 1
ก F 64 ( 26 )
C B A 8 4 2 1
Digit bit
Zone bit
Check bit/ Parity bit

33. 33
BCD
ก BCD
ִ ก (0 - 9) Zone Bit ˈ 00
ִ ก ก ก F Zone bit
ˈ 11

34. 34
EBCDIC
F 8 ก 1
ก F 256 ( 28 )
C B A 8 4 2 1
Digit bit
Zone bit
Check bit/ Parity bit

35. 35
EBCDIC
ก ก F EBCDIC 2
ִก ก Zone Decimal
ִก ก Packed Decimal
ก ก Zone bit F ˈ
1111 F F ( 15 ,F)
1100 ก (+,12 ,C)
1101 (-,13 ,D)

36. 36
ก F Packed Decimal
ˈ ก ก ก ก EBCDIC F F
ก
ก ก F F
F Fก ˈ

37. 37
ก PACK
“-123”
F Zone bit Digit bit F
Zone bit F
F ˈ Digit Bit F
ก F 16 (123D)16
Unpack ก F ก ก Pack
1101 0001 1101 0010 1101 0011

38. 38
ASCII
2 7 ก 8 ก F F F ก F
ก ˈ ˆ
ก F EBCDIC Zone bit ˈ
ִ 0101 011
ִ ก 1010 100

39. 39
Parity bit Check bit
ˈ F ก
2
Even Parity F
F ˈ 1
ˈ F
Odd Parity
F ˈ 1
ˈ
1 1 1 0 0 0 1
0 1 1 0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0 0 0 1
1 1 1 0 1 0 1

40. 40
ก F ˈ
ก F ก F
(Fixed length word) 1
half-word F 2 F
Full-word F 4 F
Double-word F 8 F

41. 41
ก
Sign Magnitude / Pure binary code
2’ Complement
1’ Complement

42. 42
Sign Magnitude
F ก F Sign bit
ก F Magnitude
Sign
bit Magnitude
MSB LSB
1
0 ก 1 Word = 4 Byte = 32 Bit

43. 43
ก F
Sign Magnitude
1 Word = 4 Byte = 32 bit
31 32 2 1 0
25=1100120 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1.........................
-251 0 0 ......................... 0 1 1 0 0 1

44. 44
ก F
2’ Complement
ˈ F
ก
ִ ก Sign Magnitude
ִ F F 2’ Complement

45. 45
F ก F 2’ Complement
F 28 = 111002
MSB LSB
0 000000.............0000000000 1 1 1 0 0
1 111111.............1111111111 0 0 0 1 1
+
1
1 111111.............1111111111 0 0 1 0 0

46. 46
Floating Point Representation
R = + - M * B+- E
Sign Exponent Mantissa
31 30 24 0
S Sign ก
E Exponent F กก
M Mantissa F

47. 47
ก Floating point
ˈ 16
Normalization 16 ( ก
ก )
Sign, Exponent, Mantissa ˈ 2
ִSign : 1 F 0 F ก
ִMantissa : ˈ 2 ก F
F

48. 48
ก Floating point
Exponent ˈ F F ก F F
Excess 64
ִexponent 16 = 4016 + true exponent16
ִexponent16 ----> exponent 2

49. 49
F Floating point
28 ----> 1C16
1C16 = (+.1C * 102)16
Sign ----> 0
Mantissa ----> 0001 11002
Exponent ----> 4016 + 216 = 42 16 -----> 100 00102
0 100 0010 0001 11000000..........................