Data Warehouse

                               Concepts
                                   &
                              Architecture



© Principle Partners, Inc.
Info@PrinciplePartners.Com
                              Page 1
                                         PP I
Data Warehouse Concepts


  Topics To Be Discussed:

       •        Why Do We Need A Data Warehouse ?

       •        The Goal Of A Data Warehouse ?

       •        What Exactly Is A Data Warehouse ?

       •        Comparison Of A Data Warehouse And
                  An Operational Data Store.

       • Data Warehouse Trends.

© Principle Partners, Inc.
Info@PrinciplePartners.Com
                                   Page 2
                                                     PP I
Data Warehouse Concepts

           Why Do We Need A Data Warehouse ?



                              We Can Only
                              See - What We
                               Can See !




© Principle Partners, Inc.
Info@PrinciplePartners.Com
                                   Page 3
                                                   PP I
Data Warehouse Concepts

           Why Do We Need A Data Warehouse ?




    BETTER !
     FASTER !                         FUNCTIONALLY COMPLETE !
      CHEAPER !




© Principle Partners, Inc.
Info@PrinciplePartners.Com
                                   Page 4
                                                        PP I
Data Warehouse Concepts
     Data Warehouse Development Perspective



            Data Driven               Vs.     Function Driven



                             A/P
          O/P
                                                 Order
                                               Processing
                   Data
                               EIS
                                                 Data
        DSS




© Principle Partners, Inc.
Info@PrinciplePartners.Com
                                     Page 5
                                                            PP I
Data Warehouse Concepts

                             What Do We Need To Do ?

 Use Operational Legacy Systems’ Data:
  To Build Operational Data Store,
  That Integrate Into Corporate Data Warehouse,
   That Spin-off Data Marts.




                             Some May Tell You To Develop These In Reverse!



© Principle Partners, Inc.
Info@PrinciplePartners.Com
                                                Page 6
                                                                              PP I
Data Warehouse Concepts

                 Our Goal for A Data Warehouse ?


• Collect Data-Scrub, Integrate & Make It Accessible

• Provide Information - For Our Businesses

• Start Managing Knowledge

• So Our Business Partners Will Gain Wisdom !




© Principle Partners, Inc.
Info@PrinciplePartners.Com
                                   Page 7
                                                   PP I
Data Warehouse Concepts

                         Data Warehouse Definition
A Data Warehouse Is A Structured Repository
of Historic Data.

It Is Developed in an Evolutionary Process
By Integrating Data From Non-integrated
Legacy Systems.

It Is Usually:
                             •   Subject Oriented
                             •   Integrated
                             •   Time Variant
                             •   Non-volatile

© Principle Partners, Inc.
Info@PrinciplePartners.Com
                                     Page 8
                                                     PP I
Data Warehouse Concepts

                             Subject Oriented
                    Data is Integrated and Loaded by Subject


                  Cust         2001

                               2003
                  Prod                           D/W
                                                 Data
                               2002

                   O/P
                               2002

                   A/R


© Principle Partners, Inc.
Info@PrinciplePartners.Com
                                      Page 9
                                                               PP I
Data Warehouse Concepts
                               Time Variant


       Operational System                    Data Warehouse


• View of The Business                  • Designated Time Frame
  Today                                   (3 - 10 Years)

• Operational Time Frame                • One Snapshot Per Cycle

• Key Need Not Have Date • Key Includes Date




© Principle Partners, Inc.
Info@PrinciplePartners.Com
                                   Page 10
                                                              PP I
Data Warehouse Concepts

                                       Integrated

                             Operational Systems

           Order Processing             Order ID = 10
                                                           D/W
           Accounts Receivable Order ID = 12
                                                        Order ID = 16
           Product Management Order ID = 8



           HR System                    Sex = M/F
                                                           D/W
           Payroll                      Sex = 1/2
                                                        Sex = M/F
           Product Management Sex = 0/1

© Principle Partners, Inc.
Info@PrinciplePartners.Com
                                            Page 11
                                                                    PP I
Data Warehouse Concepts

                               Non-Volatile

          Operational System                          Data Warehouse


  • “CRUD” Actions                                 • No Data Update



                              Insert
                                                                       Read
                                                   Load
  Create
                                  Read                                  Read

   Update                         Replace                               Read


                                Delete                                 Read




© Principle Partners, Inc.
Info@PrinciplePartners.Com
                                         Page 12
                                                                       PP I
Data Warehouse Concepts
   Data Warehouse Environment Architecture
  Contains Integrated Data From Multiple Legacy Applications

                                                                     Update
    A/P
                                                                                            Insert               Data
                                               Load                                                              Mart
    O/P
                             Integration                                                         Read
                                                                ODS
                                                                                             Replace
   Pay                                                                                                    Data
                              Criteria                                                                    Mart
                                                All Or Part                                      Delete
                                               Of System of
  Mktg                                                                                           ria
                                                 Record Data
                                                                                      C   rite
                                                                                  d
                                                                           L   oa
   HR                                                                  e
                                                                o   us                                       Data
                                                        a   reh                                              Mart
    A/R                                             W                             D/W Load                   Loads
                                               a ta
                                           D
Best System of                                              Read                                           D/W
 Record Data

© Principle Partners, Inc.
Info@PrinciplePartners.Com
                                                 Page 13
                                                                                                           PP I
Data Warehouse Concepts
                    Meta Data - Map of Integration
            The Data That Provides the “Card Catalogue” Of
            References For All Data Within The Data Warehouse



                                                          System of Record
              Data Source

                                                          D/W Structure
  Source Data Structure

                                                        Definition

                       Allowable
                       Domains                          Aliases

                                   Data Relationships




© Principle Partners, Inc.
Info@PrinciplePartners.Com
                                        Page 14
                                                                     PP I
Data Warehouse Concepts

                             ODS Vs. Data Warehouse


                                Operational Data Store      Data Warehouse

         Characteristics:   Data Focused Integration     Subject Oriented
                            From Transaction Processing Integrated
                            Focused Systems              Non-Volatile
                                                         Tim Variant
                                                             e
         Age Of The Data:   Current, Near Term           Historic
                            (Today, Last W eek’s)        (Last M onth, Qtrly, Five
                                                         Years)
         Prim Use:
             ary            Day-To-Day Decisions         Long-Term Decisions
                            Tactical Reporting           Strategic Reporting
                            Current Operational Results Trend Detection
         Frequency Of Load: Twice Daily , Daily, W eekly W eekly, M onthly, Quarterly




© Principle Partners, Inc.
Info@PrinciplePartners.Com
                                              Page 15
                                                                                        PP I
Data Warehouse Concepts
                       Building The Data Warehouse

                   Tasks                     Deliverables

• Define Project Scope                   • Scope Definition
• Define Business Reqmts                 • Logical Data Model
• Define System of Record                • Physical Database Data
  Data                                     Model
• Define Operational Data                • Operational Data Store
  Store Reqmts                             Model
• Map SOR to ODS                         • ODS Map
• Acquire / Develop                      • Extract Tools and
  Extract Tools                            Software
• Extract Data & Load ODS                • Populated ODS


© Principle Partners, Inc.
Info@PrinciplePartners.Com
                                   Page 16
                                                            PP I
Data Warehouse Concepts
                     Building The Data Warehouse
                                 (Continued)


                    Tasks                      Deliverables

• Define D/W Data Reqmts                • Transition Data Model
• Map ODS to D/W                        • D/W Data Integration Map
• Document Missing Data                 • To Do Project List
• Develop D/W DB Design                 • D/W Database Design
• Extract and Integrate D/W             • Integrated D/W Data
  Data                                    Extracts
• Load Data Warehouse                   • Initial Data Load
• Maintain Data Warehouse               • On-going Data Access
                                          and Subsequent Loads

© Principle Partners, Inc.
Info@PrinciplePartners.Com
                                   Page 17
                                                              PP I
Data Warehouse Concepts

           Relationship Among Data Warehouse Data Models

            Business                                                       Business
             Partner                Business Requirements                Requirements

            Knowledge                                                       Logical
             & Wisdom                                                        Model
                                      Data
                                    Warehouse             Strategic
          Validation                                      Business
                                                                            Structured
          of Current                Physical              Requirements
                                      Model                                 Requirements
            Data

                                           Operational
                                           Data Store
                                           Physical        Tactical Business
                             Data           Model          Reqmts & Structures
                             Load

        Current                                                             Data Whse
        Database                                                          Requirements
                                     Current Structure
        Physical                                                            Transition
         Model                                                                Model




© Principle Partners, Inc.
Info@PrinciplePartners.Com
                                                Page 18
                                                                                      PP I
Data Warehouse Concepts
                 Sources of Data Warehouse Data

                               Archives
                                (Historic Data)


                             Current Systems
                               of Record
                                (Recent History)


                                                      Enterprise
                                                    Data Warehouse
                              Operational
                                Transactions
                             (Future Data Source)



© Principle Partners, Inc.
Info@PrinciplePartners.Com
                                      Page 19
                                                              PP I
Data Warehouse Concepts

       Appropriate Uses of Data Warehouse Data



   •       Produce Reports For Long Term Trend Analysis

   •       Produce Reports Aggregating Enterprise Data

   •       Produce Reports of Multiple Dimensions
            (Earned revenue by month by product by branch)




© Principle Partners, Inc.
Info@PrinciplePartners.Com
                                      Page 20
                                                       PP I
Data Warehouse Concepts

Inappropriate Uses of Data Warehouse Data




  •       Replace Operational Systems

  •        Replace Operational Systems’ Reports

  •        Analyze Current Operational Results




© Principle Partners, Inc.
Info@PrinciplePartners.Com
                                   Page 21
                                                   PP I
Data Warehouse Concepts

 Levels of Granularity of Data Warehouse Data



                             •Atomic (Transaction)



                             •Lightly Summarized



                             •Highly Summarized


© Principle Partners, Inc.
Info@PrinciplePartners.Com
                                   Page 22
                                                     PP I
Data Warehouse Concepts

                             Options for Viewing Data


                             •              Text

                                 9   0
                                 8   0
                                 7   0
                                 6   0
                                 5   0


                             •   4
                                 3
                                 2
                                 1
                                     0
                                     0
                                     0
                                     0
                                     0
                                         1 s t   2 n d     3 rd   4 th
                                         Q tr     Q tr     Q tr   Q tr




                             •

© Principle Partners, Inc.
Info@PrinciplePartners.Com
                                                 Page 23
                                                                         PP I
Data Warehouse Concepts

      Next Steps In Data Warehouse Evolution

       • Use It - Analyze Data Warehouse Data

       • Determine Additional Data Requirements

       • Define Sources For Additional Data

       • Add New Data (Subject Areas) to
            Data Warehouse


© Principle Partners, Inc.
Info@PrinciplePartners.Com
                                   Page 24
                                                   PP I
Data Warehouse Concepts

                Future Trends In Data Warehouse

  • Increased Data Mining
        Exploration
        Prove Hypothesis

  • Increase Competitive Advantage
        (i.e., Identify Cross-selling Opportunities)

  • Integration into Supply Chain & e-Business



© Principle Partners, Inc.
Info@PrinciplePartners.Com
                                   Page 25
                                                   PP I
Data Warehouse Concepts
                                  Summary

  A Data Warehouse Is A Structured Repository
  of Historic Data.

  It Is:      •              Subject Oriented
              •              Integrated
              •              Time Variant
              •              Non-volatile
   It Contains:
              •               Business Specified Data,
                             To Answer Business Questions

© Principle Partners, Inc.
Info@PrinciplePartners.Com
                                    Page 26
                                                       PP I
Data Warehouse Concepts

                         Questions and Answers




© Principle Partners, Inc.
Info@PrinciplePartners.Com
                                     Page 27
                                                       PP I

Data warehouseconceptsandarchitecture

  • 1.
    Data Warehouse Concepts & Architecture © Principle Partners, Inc. Info@PrinciplePartners.Com Page 1 PP I
  • 2.
    Data Warehouse Concepts Topics To Be Discussed: • Why Do We Need A Data Warehouse ? • The Goal Of A Data Warehouse ? • What Exactly Is A Data Warehouse ? • Comparison Of A Data Warehouse And An Operational Data Store. • Data Warehouse Trends. © Principle Partners, Inc. Info@PrinciplePartners.Com Page 2 PP I
  • 3.
    Data Warehouse Concepts Why Do We Need A Data Warehouse ? We Can Only See - What We Can See ! © Principle Partners, Inc. Info@PrinciplePartners.Com Page 3 PP I
  • 4.
    Data Warehouse Concepts Why Do We Need A Data Warehouse ? BETTER ! FASTER ! FUNCTIONALLY COMPLETE ! CHEAPER ! © Principle Partners, Inc. Info@PrinciplePartners.Com Page 4 PP I
  • 5.
    Data Warehouse Concepts Data Warehouse Development Perspective Data Driven Vs. Function Driven A/P O/P Order Processing Data EIS Data DSS © Principle Partners, Inc. Info@PrinciplePartners.Com Page 5 PP I
  • 6.
    Data Warehouse Concepts What Do We Need To Do ? Use Operational Legacy Systems’ Data: To Build Operational Data Store, That Integrate Into Corporate Data Warehouse, That Spin-off Data Marts. Some May Tell You To Develop These In Reverse! © Principle Partners, Inc. Info@PrinciplePartners.Com Page 6 PP I
  • 7.
    Data Warehouse Concepts Our Goal for A Data Warehouse ? • Collect Data-Scrub, Integrate & Make It Accessible • Provide Information - For Our Businesses • Start Managing Knowledge • So Our Business Partners Will Gain Wisdom ! © Principle Partners, Inc. Info@PrinciplePartners.Com Page 7 PP I
  • 8.
    Data Warehouse Concepts Data Warehouse Definition A Data Warehouse Is A Structured Repository of Historic Data. It Is Developed in an Evolutionary Process By Integrating Data From Non-integrated Legacy Systems. It Is Usually: • Subject Oriented • Integrated • Time Variant • Non-volatile © Principle Partners, Inc. Info@PrinciplePartners.Com Page 8 PP I
  • 9.
    Data Warehouse Concepts Subject Oriented Data is Integrated and Loaded by Subject Cust 2001 2003 Prod D/W Data 2002 O/P 2002 A/R © Principle Partners, Inc. Info@PrinciplePartners.Com Page 9 PP I
  • 10.
    Data Warehouse Concepts Time Variant Operational System Data Warehouse • View of The Business • Designated Time Frame Today (3 - 10 Years) • Operational Time Frame • One Snapshot Per Cycle • Key Need Not Have Date • Key Includes Date © Principle Partners, Inc. Info@PrinciplePartners.Com Page 10 PP I
  • 11.
    Data Warehouse Concepts Integrated Operational Systems Order Processing Order ID = 10 D/W Accounts Receivable Order ID = 12 Order ID = 16 Product Management Order ID = 8 HR System Sex = M/F D/W Payroll Sex = 1/2 Sex = M/F Product Management Sex = 0/1 © Principle Partners, Inc. Info@PrinciplePartners.Com Page 11 PP I
  • 12.
    Data Warehouse Concepts Non-Volatile Operational System Data Warehouse • “CRUD” Actions • No Data Update Insert Read Load Create Read Read Update Replace Read Delete Read © Principle Partners, Inc. Info@PrinciplePartners.Com Page 12 PP I
  • 13.
    Data Warehouse Concepts Data Warehouse Environment Architecture Contains Integrated Data From Multiple Legacy Applications Update A/P Insert Data Load Mart O/P Integration Read ODS Replace Pay Data Criteria Mart All Or Part Delete Of System of Mktg ria Record Data C rite d L oa HR e o us Data a reh Mart A/R W D/W Load Loads a ta D Best System of Read D/W Record Data © Principle Partners, Inc. Info@PrinciplePartners.Com Page 13 PP I
  • 14.
    Data Warehouse Concepts Meta Data - Map of Integration The Data That Provides the “Card Catalogue” Of References For All Data Within The Data Warehouse System of Record Data Source D/W Structure Source Data Structure Definition Allowable Domains Aliases Data Relationships © Principle Partners, Inc. Info@PrinciplePartners.Com Page 14 PP I
  • 15.
    Data Warehouse Concepts ODS Vs. Data Warehouse Operational Data Store Data Warehouse Characteristics: Data Focused Integration Subject Oriented From Transaction Processing Integrated Focused Systems Non-Volatile Tim Variant e Age Of The Data: Current, Near Term Historic (Today, Last W eek’s) (Last M onth, Qtrly, Five Years) Prim Use: ary Day-To-Day Decisions Long-Term Decisions Tactical Reporting Strategic Reporting Current Operational Results Trend Detection Frequency Of Load: Twice Daily , Daily, W eekly W eekly, M onthly, Quarterly © Principle Partners, Inc. Info@PrinciplePartners.Com Page 15 PP I
  • 16.
    Data Warehouse Concepts Building The Data Warehouse Tasks Deliverables • Define Project Scope • Scope Definition • Define Business Reqmts • Logical Data Model • Define System of Record • Physical Database Data Data Model • Define Operational Data • Operational Data Store Store Reqmts Model • Map SOR to ODS • ODS Map • Acquire / Develop • Extract Tools and Extract Tools Software • Extract Data & Load ODS • Populated ODS © Principle Partners, Inc. Info@PrinciplePartners.Com Page 16 PP I
  • 17.
    Data Warehouse Concepts Building The Data Warehouse (Continued) Tasks Deliverables • Define D/W Data Reqmts • Transition Data Model • Map ODS to D/W • D/W Data Integration Map • Document Missing Data • To Do Project List • Develop D/W DB Design • D/W Database Design • Extract and Integrate D/W • Integrated D/W Data Data Extracts • Load Data Warehouse • Initial Data Load • Maintain Data Warehouse • On-going Data Access and Subsequent Loads © Principle Partners, Inc. Info@PrinciplePartners.Com Page 17 PP I
  • 18.
    Data Warehouse Concepts Relationship Among Data Warehouse Data Models Business Business Partner Business Requirements Requirements Knowledge Logical & Wisdom Model Data Warehouse Strategic Validation Business Structured of Current Physical Requirements Model Requirements Data Operational Data Store Physical Tactical Business Data Model Reqmts & Structures Load Current Data Whse Database Requirements Current Structure Physical Transition Model Model © Principle Partners, Inc. Info@PrinciplePartners.Com Page 18 PP I
  • 19.
    Data Warehouse Concepts Sources of Data Warehouse Data Archives (Historic Data) Current Systems of Record (Recent History) Enterprise Data Warehouse Operational Transactions (Future Data Source) © Principle Partners, Inc. Info@PrinciplePartners.Com Page 19 PP I
  • 20.
    Data Warehouse Concepts Appropriate Uses of Data Warehouse Data • Produce Reports For Long Term Trend Analysis • Produce Reports Aggregating Enterprise Data • Produce Reports of Multiple Dimensions (Earned revenue by month by product by branch) © Principle Partners, Inc. Info@PrinciplePartners.Com Page 20 PP I
  • 21.
    Data Warehouse Concepts InappropriateUses of Data Warehouse Data • Replace Operational Systems • Replace Operational Systems’ Reports • Analyze Current Operational Results © Principle Partners, Inc. Info@PrinciplePartners.Com Page 21 PP I
  • 22.
    Data Warehouse Concepts Levels of Granularity of Data Warehouse Data •Atomic (Transaction) •Lightly Summarized •Highly Summarized © Principle Partners, Inc. Info@PrinciplePartners.Com Page 22 PP I
  • 23.
    Data Warehouse Concepts Options for Viewing Data • Text 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 • 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 s t 2 n d 3 rd 4 th Q tr Q tr Q tr Q tr • © Principle Partners, Inc. Info@PrinciplePartners.Com Page 23 PP I
  • 24.
    Data Warehouse Concepts Next Steps In Data Warehouse Evolution • Use It - Analyze Data Warehouse Data • Determine Additional Data Requirements • Define Sources For Additional Data • Add New Data (Subject Areas) to Data Warehouse © Principle Partners, Inc. Info@PrinciplePartners.Com Page 24 PP I
  • 25.
    Data Warehouse Concepts Future Trends In Data Warehouse • Increased Data Mining Exploration Prove Hypothesis • Increase Competitive Advantage (i.e., Identify Cross-selling Opportunities) • Integration into Supply Chain & e-Business © Principle Partners, Inc. Info@PrinciplePartners.Com Page 25 PP I
  • 26.
    Data Warehouse Concepts Summary A Data Warehouse Is A Structured Repository of Historic Data. It Is: • Subject Oriented • Integrated • Time Variant • Non-volatile It Contains: • Business Specified Data, To Answer Business Questions © Principle Partners, Inc. Info@PrinciplePartners.Com Page 26 PP I
  • 27.
    Data Warehouse Concepts Questions and Answers © Principle Partners, Inc. Info@PrinciplePartners.Com Page 27 PP I