R has several main data types including vectors, lists, matrices, data frames, and factors. Vectors store elements of the same type and can contain integers, numbers, characters, or logicals. Lists are similar to vectors but can contain elements of different types. Matrices arrange data into a two-dimensional rectangular layout. Data frames store data tables with each column as a vector and rows containing the data. Factors represent categorical variables that can only take on a predefined set of values.

1. Prof. Neeraj Bhargava
Pramod Singh Rathore
Department of Computer Science
School of Engineering & System Sciences,
MDS University Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
1
Data types in R

2. Session Objectives
 What is data type in R ?
 How to handle data types in R
2

3. Data types in R
3
Data types can be listed as
• Vectors
• Lists
• Matrices
• Data Frames
• Factors

4. Vectors
4
Vectors is a list of main components which have same data types
Vectors can be define by using c() in R
Members in a vectors are officially called components
Vectors scan be of integer, numeric, character or logical types.

5. Vectors Index
5
Values in a vector can be retrieved by declaring an index inside a single
square bracket[]
Eg
If 3rd element Is retrieved
C[3]
C[3:5]
If the index is negative , it would strip the member whose position has the
same absolute value a s the negative index

6. Vectors Index
6
Numeric vector index: A new vector can be sliced from a give n vector with a
numeric index, vector, which consist of member positons of the original vector
to be retrieved
Eg
Name of vector[2,3]
Logical vector index : A new vector can be sliced from a given vector with a
logical index vector, which ahs the same is length as the original vector. Its
members are TRUE if the corresponding members in the original vector are to
be includes in the slice, and FALSE if otherwise

7. Matrics
7
A Matrix is a collection of data elements arranged in a two dimensional
rectangular layout. The following is an example of a matrix with 2 rows and 3
columns
[2 34 6]
All the elements of matrices has to be af same type

8. Lists
8
List is similar as vector
It is a data structure have components of mixed data types

9. Data frames
9
A data frame is used fro storing data tables
It is a special case of list which as each components of equal length
Each component form the column and contents of the components form the
rows
Data frame can be define by data.frame() function

10. Factors
10
Factor is a data structure used for fields that takes only predefined, finite
number of values (catergorialc data)
Factor variable will always have levels
While using data.frame() all the character data are converted into factor

11. How to handle vector in R
11
c(2,3,4) output : 2 3 4
Class(c(2,3,4)) numeric
C(2,3,”pramod”) “2” “3” “pramod”
class(C(2,3,”pramod”)) character
Length(c(2,3,4)) 3
a = c(2,3,4)
b= c(“a”,”b”,”c”)
vec=c(a,b) “2”,”3”,”4”,”a”,”b”,”c”
class(vec) character
Class(a) numeric

12. How to handle vector in R
12
A= c(1,2,3,4)
b= c(-1,-2,-3,-4)
Vect=a+b 0 0 0 0
v1=c(1,2,3)
v2=c(4,5,6,7)
v3=v1+v2 warning message
5 7 9 8 recycling rule

13. How to handle vector in R
13
v4= c(1:10)
v4[5] 5
V4[-5] 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10
V4(3:5) 3 4 5
V4[c(3:5),10] 3 4 5 10 range indexing

14. Assignment 1
 What is data types in R?
 Explain each data type with suitable example
14

15. Queries ????
15

16. 16