Flash memory, secure digital cards, micro SD cards, compact flash, multimedia cards, and USB flash drives are types of non-volatile storage that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. They vary in size and capabilities, with micro SD and USB flash drives being among the smallest, and were developed for use in portable electronic devices. Other storage media discussed include floppy disks, DVDs, tapes, CDs, and zip disks, which also vary in size, capabilities, and whether they can be rewritten or not.

1. DATA STORAGE DEVICES
Nicole Arias Elizondo
Instituto Benjamín franklin

2. FLASH MEMORY
 Flash memory is a non-volatile computer storage
chip that can be electrically erased and
reprogrammed. It was developed from
EEPROM(electrically erasable programmable read-
only memory) and must be erased in fairly large
blocks before these can be rewritten with new data.
The high density NAND type must also be
programmed and read in (smaller) blocks, or
pages, while the NOR type allows a single machine
word (byte) to be written or read independently.

3. SECURE DIGITAL (SD)
 Secure Digital (SD) is a non-volatile memory card
format developed by the SD Card Association
(SDA) for use in portable devices. The SD
technology is used by more than 400 brands across
dozens of product categories and more than 8,000
models.

4. TRANSFLASH O MICRO SD
 Las tarjetas microSD o Transflash corresponden a un
formato de tarjeta de memoria flash más pequeña que la
MiniSD, desarrollada por SanDisk; adoptada por la Asociación
de Tarjetas SDbajo el nombre de «microSD» en julio de 2005.
Mide tan solo 15 × 11 × 1 milímetros, lo cual le da un área de
165 mm². Esto es tres veces y media más pequeña que la
miniSD, que era hasta la aparición de las microSD el formato
más pequeño de tarjetas SD, y es alrededor de un décimo del
volumen de una tarjeta SD. Sus tasas de transferencia no son
muy altas, sin embargo, empresas como SanDisk han
trabajado en ello, llegando a versiones que soportan
velocidades de lectura de hasta 10 Mb/s. Actualmente, ya
existen tarjetas microSD fabricadas por Panasonic que
alcanzan los 90 Mb/s de lectura y los 80 Mb/s de
escritura, pero tienen unos precios todavía inalcanzables para
la gran mayoría del público.

5. COMPACT FLASH (CF)
 CompactFlash (CF) is a mass storage device
format used in portable electronic devices. Most
CompactFlash devices contain flash memory in a
standardized enclosure. The format was first
specified and produced by SanDisk in 1994. The
physical format is now used for a variety of devices.

6. MULTIMEDIA CARD (MMC)
 The MultiMediaCard (MMC) is a flash memory
memory card standard. Unveiled in 1997 by
SanDisk and Siemens AG, it is based on Toshiba's
NAND-based flash memory, and is therefore much
smaller than earlier systems based on Intel NOR-
based memory such as CompactFlash. MMC is
about the size of a postage stamp: 24 mm × 32 mm
× 1.4 mm. MMC originally used a 1-bit serial
interface, but newer versions of the specification
allow transfers of 4 or 8 bits at a time. It has been

7. SMART MEDIA (SM)
 SmartMedia is a flash memory card standard
owned by Toshiba, with capacities ranging from 2
MB to 128 MB. SmartMedia memory cards are no
longer manufactured.

8. MINI MMC
 A memory card or flash card is an electronic flash
memory data storage device used for storing digital
information. They are commonly used in many
electronic devices, including digital cameras, mobile
phones, laptop computers, MP3 players, and video
game consoles. They are small, re-recordable, and
able to retain data without power.

9. XD CARD
 xD-Picture Card is a flash memory card
format, used mainly in older digital cameras. xD
stands for Extreme Digital. xD cards are available in
capacities of 16 MiB up to 2 GiB.

10. MEMORY PEN (USB MASS STORAGE)
 A USB flash drive is a data storage device that
includes flash memory with an integrated Universal
Serial Bus (USB) interface. USB flash drives are
typically removable and rewritable, and physically
much smaller than a floppy disk. Most weigh less
than 30 g. As of January 2012 drives of 256GB
were available, 512GB and 1 terabytes (TB) drives
were in planning, and storage capacities as large as
2 terabytes are planned, with steady improvements
in size and price per capacity expected. Some allow
up to 100,000 write/erase cycles (depending on the
exact type of memory chip used) and 10 years shelf
storage time.

11. 3.5- INCH FLOPPY DISK
 A floppy disk is a disk storage medium composed
of a disk of thin and flexible magnetic storage
medium, sealed in a rectangular plastic carrier lined
with fabric that removes dust particles. They are
read and written by a floppy disk drive (FDD).
 Floppy disks, initially as 8-inch (200 mm) media and
later in 5.25-inch (133 mm) and 3.5-inch (89 mm)
sizes, were a ubiquitous form of data storage and
exchange from the mid-1970s well into the first
decade of the 21st century

12. DVD-RW
 A DVD-RW disc is a rewritable optical disc with
equal storage capacity to a DVD-R, typically 4.7
GB. The format was developed by Pioneer in
November 1999 and has been approved by the
DVD Forum. The smaller Mini DVD-RW holds 1.46
GB, with a diameter of 8 cm

13. TAPE DRIVE
 A tape drive is a data storage device that reads
and performs digital recording, writes data on a
magnetic tape. Magnetic tape data storage is
typically used for offline, archival data storage. Tape
media generally has a favorable unit cost and long
archival stability.

14. CD-R
 A CD-R (Compact Disc-Recordable) is a variation
of the Compact Disc invented by Philips and Sony.
CD-R is a Write Once Read Many (WORM) optical
medium, although the whole disk does not have to
be entirely written in the same session.
 CD-R retains a high level of compatibility with
standard CD readers, unlike CD-RW which can be
re-written, but is not capable of playing on many
readers.

15. CD-RW
 A CD-RW (Compact Disc-ReWritable) is a
rewritable optical disc. It was introduced in
1997, and was known as "CD-Writable" during
development. It was preceded by the CD-
MO, which was never commercially released.

16. ZIP DISK
 The Zip drive is a medium-capacity removable disk
storage system that was introduced by Iomega in
late 1994. Originally, Zip disks launched with
capacities of 100 MB, but later versions increased
this to first 250 MB and then 750 MB.

17. MINI DVD
 MiniDVD (Mini DVD or miniDVD) is a DVD disc
having 8 cm in diameter.
 The 8 cm optical disc format was originally used for
music CD singles, hence the commonly used
names CD single and miniCD. Similarly, the
manufactured 8 cm DVDs were originally used for
music videos and as such became known as DVD
single.
 MiniDVD is known also as "3 inch DVD", referring
to its approximate diameter in inches.

18. MINI CD
 MiniDVD (Mini DVD or miniDVD) is a DVD disc
having 8 cm in diameter.
 The 8 cm optical disc format was originally used for
music CD singles, hence the commonly used
names CD single and miniCD. Similarly, the
manufactured 8 cm DVDs were originally used for
music videos and as such became known as DVD
single.
 MiniDVD is known also as "3 inch DVD", referring
to its approximate diameter in inches.