Data logging refers to collecting data over time using sensors. Sensors measure a property and send an analog signal to be converted into digital data by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for computer processing. Data logging systems are used for scientific experiments, weather stations, and environmental monitoring to gather data regularly about factors like temperature, rainfall, pollution levels, and more. The sensors take measurements that are converted and sent to a data logger for storage and later transmission to a computer for analysis and presentation.