The document discusses the critical role publishers play in data citation. It emphasizes the importance of publishers establishing clear guidelines for citing data, training copy editors to ensure data is properly cited, promoting the use of data papers to incentivize data sharing and reuse, and making data citations machine-readable through XML tagging or RDF to facilitate discovery and analysis of cited data.

1. Data Citation:
A Critical Role for Publishers
Brian Hole, Founder and CEO
SciDataCon 2014, Citing Data to Facilitate Multidisciplinary Research session
New Delhi, November 5 2014
brian.hole@ubiquitypress.com www.ubiquitypress.com / @ubiquitypress

2. Overview
 Why is data citation
important?
 Publisher guidelines
 Copyediting with data
in mind
 Data papers
 Machine readability
brian.hole@ubiquitypress.com www.ubiquitypress.com / @ubiquitypress

3. The Social Contract
of Science
• Dissemination
• Validation
• Further development
Scientific Malpractice
• Results
• Data
• Software
• Hardware, wetware…
#@%$#@
% #@%$#
Source: http://www.smbc-comics.com/index.php?db=comics&id=2015
brian.hole@ubiquitypress.com www.ubiquitypress.com / @ubiquitypress

4. brian.hole@ubiquitypress.com www.ubiquitypress.com / @ubiquitypress

5. 2. Publisher Guidelines
• No single way to cite data, but good guidelines
available (e.g. Force 11)
• Journal must have clear guidelines about how to
cite data, e.g.:
• Creators, date of publication, host repository,
version, persistent identifier
• Must be included in reference list
Alexander NS, Wint W (2013) Data from: Projected population
proximity indices (30km) for 2005, 2030 & 2050. Dryad
Digital Repository. http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.12734
brian.hole@ubiquitypress.com www.ubiquitypress.com / @ubiquitypress

6. 3. Copyediting with Data in Mind
• Publishers need to provide better guidelines for
copyeditors:
• Make sure journal guidelines for data
citation are being followed
• Go back to authors if no citation included
• Fix incorrect citations (e.g. simple hyperlinks
in text)
brian.hole@ubiquitypress.com www.ubiquitypress.com / @ubiquitypress

7. 4. Data papers
• Data papers incentivize authors to follow good
practice in releasing and citing data:
• Data professional is lead author
• Paper advertises work, encourages reuse,
collaboration, indicates impact
• Makes citation much easier:
• Data is automatically cited correctly in
data paper
• Data paper is naturally included in
reference list of research papers
• Citations etc. can be tracked
brian.hole@ubiquitypress.com www.ubiquitypress.com / @ubiquitypress

8. brian.hole@ubiquitypress.com www.ubiquitypress.com / @ubiquitypress

9. brian.hole@ubiquitypress.com www.ubiquitypress.com / @ubiquitypress

10. 5. Machine Readable Citations
• Many data reuse scenarios involve locating,
querying and recombining data from a large
number of sources
• This can be made significantly easier by
making data citations machine readable
• Enables locating of data via text mining of
relevant literature
• Two possible methods – XML and RDF
brian.hole@ubiquitypress.com www.ubiquitypress.com / @ubiquitypress

11. • Journal Article Tag
Suite (JATS)
maintained by
NISO used by most
publishers
brian.hole@ubiquitypress.com www.ubiquitypress.com / @ubiquitypress
XML
• JATS currently
recommends
tagging data
references as web
publications
<ref>
<element-citation publication-type="database"
publication-format="web">
<source>Database of Human Disease Causing
Gene Homologues in Dictyostelium Discoideum
[Internet] </source>
<publisher-loc>San Diego (CA)</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>San Diego Supercomputer
Center</publisher-name>
<year>2003</year>
<date-in-citation>cited 2007 Feb 2
</date-in-citation>
<comment>Available from: <uri>http://
dictyworkbench.sdsc.edu/HDGDD/</uri>.
</comment>
</element-citation>
</ref>
• Not ideal, but
available now

12. • Several proposals for improvements with more
suitable terms:
• NISO-JATS Data Citation Implementation Workshop
held at the British Library in June 2014
• Force11 Data Citation Implementation Group
• <JATS4R> publisher group
• E.g.:
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XML
<name> -> <collab collab-type="curators">
<source> -> <data-title>
<edition> -> <version>
<license>

13. • Can make data not only discoverable through citation,
but also the relationship of it to the research.
4. Oldenburg H (1665). "Epistle Dedicatory". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
of London 1: 0–0. doi:10 .1098/rstl.1665.0001.
brian.hole@ubiquitypress.com www.ubiquitypress.com / @ubiquitypress
RDF
• JATS to RDF provides a start for this, but publishers
still need to make data citations more specific
<rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-item-4"><co:index>4</co:index></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4"><dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
Oldenburg, H (1665). </dcterms:bibliographicCitation></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4"><rdf:type
rdf:resource="http://purl.org/spar/biro/BibliographicReference"/></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-
4"><dcterms:identifier>b4</dcterms:identifier></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4"><biro:references rdf:resource="reference-4-textual-entity"/></
rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="textual-entity"><cito:cites rdf:resource="reference-4-textual-entity"/></rdf:Description><rdf:Description
rdf:about="reference-4-textual-entity"><rdf:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Expression"/><frbr:realizationOf rdf:resource="reference-4-conceptual-work"/></
rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4-textual-entity"><rdf:type
rdf:resource="http://purl.org/spar/fabio/JournalArticle"/></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4-conceptual-work"><dcterms:creator
rdf:resource="reference-4-agent-1"/></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4-agent-1"><rdf:type
rdf:resource="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person"/></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4-agent-
1"><foaf:familyName>Oldenburg</foaf:familyName></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4-agent-
1"><foaf:givenName>H</foaf:givenName></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4-textual-entity"><
fabio:hasPublicationYear>1665</fabio:hasPublicationYear></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4-textual-entity"><dcterms:title>Epistle
Dedicatory</dcterms:title></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4-textual-entity-source"><dcterms:title>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
of London</dcterms:title></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4-textual-entity"><frbr:partOf rdf:resource="reference-4-textual-entity-source"/></
rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4-textual-entity"><frbr:partOf rdf:resource="periodical-volume-reference-4-textual-entity"/></
rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="periodical-volume-reference-4-textual-entity"><rdf:type
rdf:resource="http://purl.org/spar/fabio/PeriodicalVolume"/><prism:volume>1</prism:volume><frbr:partOf><rdf:Description><rdf:type
rdf:resource="http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Periodical"/></rdf:Description></frbr:partOf></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4-textual-entity"><
frbr:embodiment rdf:resource="digital-embodiment-d1e2589"/></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="digital-embodiment-d1e2589"><
prism:startingPage rdf:resource="0"/></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4-textual-entity"><
prism:doi>10.1098/rstl.1665.0001</prism:doi></rdf:Description>

14. • The Citation Typing Ontology (CiTO) is available
now, and makes the relationship explicit:
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RDF
<a about="http://dx.doi.org/10.5334 /jophd.ab"
rel="cito:Uses_Data_From"
href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.12734”>http://
dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.12734</a>

15. Summary
• Clear publisher guidelines.
• Copyediting with data in mind
• Using data papers
• Ensuring machine readability of citations
Any questions?
Please feel free to contact
brian.hole@ubiquitypress.com
brian.hole@ubiquitypress.com www.ubiquitypress.com / @ubiquitypress