Vyadhi & Disorders .pptx

VYADHI &
DISORDERS WITH
EXAMPLES
Dr Akshay Shetty
Associate Professor
SSRAMCH Inchal

CONTENTS
Objectives
Adibala/Sahaja &
Hereditary disorders
Janmabala/Garbaja
& Congenital
disorders
Dosha bala/Jataja &
Acquired disorders
Sangata bala
/Peedaja &
Traumatic disorders
Daivabala/Prabhavaj
& Iatrogenic
disorders
Kalabala/ Kalaja &
Environmental
disorders
Swabhava &
Geriatric disorders
02/11/2023 VYADHI & DISORDERS WITH EXAMPLES (Dr Akshay Shetty) 2

Objectives
By the end of the presentation the students must be able to –
1. Explain Adibala/Sahaja & Hereditary disorders
2. Explain Janmabala/Garbaja & Congenital disorders
3. Explain Dosha bala/Jataja & Acquired disorders
4. Explain Sangata bala /Peedaja & Traumatic disorders
5. Explain Daivabala/Prabhavaj & Iatrogenic disorders
6. Explain Kalabala/ Kalaja & Environmental disorders
7. Explain Swabhava & Geriatric disorders

TYPES तच्च दुःखं त्रित्रिधम्-
आध्यात्मिकम्, आत्रधभौत्रतकम्, आत्रधदवत्रिक
त्रमत्रत |
तत्त सप्तत्रिधे व्याधािपत्रिपतत्रत |
ते पिुः सप्तत्रिधा व्याधयुः; तद्यथा-
आत्रदबलप्रिृत्ताुः, जन्मबलप्रिृत्ताुः, दोषबलप्रिृ
त्ताुः, सङ्घातबलप्रिृत्ताुः, कालबलप्रिृत्ताुः, दविब
लप्रिृत्ताुः, स्वभािबलप्रिृत्ता इत्रत ||४||

VYADHI
ADYATMIKA
ADIBALA
MATRUJA
PITRUJA
JANMABALA
RASAKRUTA
DUAHRIDAYA
DOSHABALA
SHAREERA
MANASA
ADIDAIVIKA
KALABALA
VYAPANA
AVYAPANA
DAIVABALA
VIDYTUTA
PISHACHA
SWABHAVABALA
KALAKRUTA
AKALAKRUTA
ADHIBHAUTIKA
SANGATABALA
SHASTRA
VYALA

ADIBALA/ SAHAJA
आत्रदबलप्रिृत्ता ये शक्रशोत्रितदोषान्वयाुः कष्ठाशशुःप्रभृतयुः; तेऽत्रप त्रित्रिधाुः- मातृजाुः, त्रपतृजाश्च | Su Su
24
मातृजा इत्रत मातुः शोत्रितजाुः, त्रपतृजाश्चेत्रत त्रपतुः शक्रजाुः|
It is attributed to defect inherent in either Shukra (male reproductive element) Shonita or
Bija (female reproductive element) which forms the primary factors of being disease
included under susceptibility to disease like Kushta , Arsha , Prameha.

An inheritable disease
happens when a mutation
affects the genes in the body
or when the person has the
wrong quantity of inheritable
material.
Genes are made of
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA),
which contain instructions
for cell functioning and the
characteristics that make the
person unique.

CONT..
• SINGLE gene mutations, following classical MENDELIAN inheritance
patterns the most
• MULTIFACTORIAL inheritance
• CHROMOSOMAL disorders

CONT…
• AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT
• AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE
• SEX-LINKED (recessive), involving “X” chromosome

AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT
• Disease is in HETEROZYGOTES
• NEITHER parent may have the disease (NEW mut.)
• REDUCED PENETRANCE (environment?, other genes?)
• VARIABLE EXPRESSIVITY (environment?, other genes?)
• May have a DELAYED ONSET
• Usually result in a REDUCED PRODUCTION or INACTIVE protein

• HUNTINGTON DISEASE
• NEUROFIBROMATOSIS
• MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY
• TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS
• POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY
• HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS
• VON WILLEBRAND DISEASE
• MARFAN SYNDROME
• EHLERS-DANLOS SYNDROMES
(some)
• OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
• ACHONDROPLASIA
• FAMILIAL
HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
• ACUTE INTERMITTENT
PORPHYRIA

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE
• Disease is in HOMOZYGOTES
• More UNIFORM expression than AD
• Often COMPLETE PENETRANCE
• Onset usually EARLY in life
• NEW mutations rarely detected clinically
• Proteins show LOSS of FUNCTION
• Include ALL inborn errors of metabolism
• MUCH more common that autosomal dominant

• THALASSEMIAS
• CONG. ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA
• EHLERS-DANLOS (some)
• ALKAPTONURIA
• NEUROGENIC MUSC. ATROPHIES
• FRIEDREICH ATAXIA
• SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY
• HOMOCYSTINURIA
• LYSOSOMAL STORAGE
• Α-1 ANTITRYPSIN
• WILSON DISEASE
• HEMOCHROMATOSIS
• GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASES

• DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
• HEMOPHILIA , A and B
• G6PD DEFICIENCY
• AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA
• WISKOTT-ALDRICH SYNDROME
• DIABETES INSIPIDUS
• LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME
• FRAGILE-X SYNDROME

MULTIFACTORAL DISORDERS
• Cleft lip, palate
• Congenital heart disease
• Coronary heart disease
• Hypertension
• Gout
• Diabetes
• Pyloric stenosis

CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES
• AUTOSOMES
• TRISOMY-21 (DOWN SYNDROME)
• 8, 9, 13 (Patau), 18 (Edwards), 22
• 22q.11.2 deletion
• SEX CHROMOSOMES
•KLINEFELTER: XXY, XXXY, etc.
•TURNER: XO

JANMABALA/GARBAJA
जन्मबलप्रिृत्ता ये मातरपचारात् पङ
् गजात्यन्धबत्रधरमूकत्रमत्मन्मििामिप्रभृत
यो जायन्ते; तेऽत्रप त्रित्रिधाुः रसक
ृ ताुः, दौहृदापचारक
ृ ताश्च |
त्रितीयं व्यात्रधभेदं दशशयन्नाह-
जन्मबलप्रिृत्ता इत्यात्रद| जन्मबलप्रिृत्ता इत्रत शक्रशोत्रितदत्रटं त्रििाऽत्रप मा
तरपचारबलजाताुः; अपचार इत्रत दटाहाराचारािपचारुः| मूका अिाचुः, त्रम
त्मन्मिाुः साििात्रसकाुः, िामिा अत्यन्तह्रस्वशरीराुः

It is attributed to errors in conduct of the mother during
period of pregnancy.
It includes various defects and maladies such as congenital
blindness, deafness, dumbness, nasal voice and dwarfism.
This variety admits of two types according as condition
• Rasakruta (Nutritional)
• Dauhradya (full cravings of the mother during period of pregnancy).

CONGENITAL DISORDERS
The World Health Organization defined congenital disorders as “any
potential pathological conditions arising before birth, whether evident
at birth or manifesting later in life” (World Health
Organization 2000, 2005, 2006)
Congenital disorders fall into
two main groups:
Environmental congenital disorders due
to maternal exposure to infection,
malnutrition, or harmful environmental
agents (Wittenburg 2009)
congenital disorders with principally endogenous
causes. This second group, here collectively
called constitutional congenital disorders,
includes chromosomal disorders, the majority of
congenital malformations, single gene disorders,
and disorders due to genetic risk factors.

DOSHA BALA/JATAJA
दोषबलप्रिृत्ता ये आतङ्कसमत्पन्ना त्रमथ्याहाराचारक
ृ ताश्च; तेऽत्रप त्रित्रिधाुः आ
माशयसमत्ाुः, पक्वाशयसमत्ाश्च; पिश्च त्रित्रिधाुः- शारीरा, मािसाश्च |
आमाशयसमत्ा िाभेरुपररजाुः कफत्रपत्तजन्या िा| पक्वाशयसमत्ा
िाभ्यधोगता िातजन्या िा’ इत्रत चक्रुः|

• Disease belonging to this class is engendered by the action of anyone of the tridosha
• The cause of disorder is faulty diet and behavior or due to up heaves of the two
manasika dosha rajas and tamas.
• The group of disease included under this is subdivided into
Amashayasamutana (Jwara,Shwasa)
Pakwashayasamutana(Gridhrasi,Pakshagata)
Further divided into--
Sharirika(Grahani,Raktapitta)
Manasika(Apasmara,Atatvabhinvesha)

ACQUIRED DISORDERS
Acquired Diseases :These disease are acquired by an organism after
birth and are not inheritable i.e., do not pass on from one generation
to another. These are further classified into two categories:
• Communicable or Infectious diseases: These diseases are caused by
pathogens/infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans,
worms, etc. These diseases can spread from diseased person to healthy
person by means of air (droplet method), water, food, insects, physical
contact, etc., e.g. tuberculosis, malaria, diarrhoea etc.
• Non-Communicable or Non-Infectious diseases: These diseases can't be
spread through infected persons to healthy persons. e.g. Scurvy

SANGATA BALA /PEEDAJA
सङ्घातबलप्रिृत्ता य आगन्तिो दबशलस्य बलित्रिग्रहात्; तेऽत्रप त्रित्रिधाुः-
शस्त्रक
ृ ता, व्यालक
एते आत्रधभौत्रतकाुः ||६||
Disease belonging to this category caused by
• Aabhighata (trauma), such as external and internal injuries due to
blows or inflicted by sharp instruments (shastrakrutaa); due to
overstrain such as wrestling with an opponent of superior strength
• Disease caused by external injury by bite of wild animal
(vyaalakruta)or Poisonous reptile like snake etc.

TRAUMATIC DISORDERS
Physical trauma is a serious injury to the body. Two main types of
physical trauma are:
• Blunt force trauma—when an object or force strikes the body, often causing
concussions, deep cuts, or broken bones.
• Penetrating trauma—when an object pierces the skin or body, usually
creating an open wound.

DAIVABALA/PRABHAVAJ
दविबलप्रिृता ये देिद्रोहादत्रभशप्तका अथिशिक
ृ ता उपसगशजाश्च; तेऽत्रप त्रित्रिधाुः-
त्रिद् यदशत्रिक
ृ ताुः, त्रपशाचात्रदक
ृ ताश्च; पिश्च त्रित्रिधाुः-
संसगशजा , आकत्मिकाश्च |
अत्रभशप्तका इत्रत ऋषीिामाक्रोशजाुः| आथिशिक
ृ ता अथिशिेदप्रिीतात्रभचाररकम
न्त्वुः क
ृ ता मारिािका व्याधयुः| उपसगशजा इत्रत उपसृज्यन्त इत्यपसगाशुः पीत्रितज
िसमीपोत्पन्ना ज्वरादयुः| उपसगशजसंसगशजयोरयं त्रिशेषुः-
उपसगशजा ज्वरात्रदरोगपीत्रितजिसम्पकाशद्भित्मन्त

• Supernatural are those which are caused by god’s wrath, curse of
sages Atharvan’s (magic spell) and calamities;
they also two type –
 Lightning and thunderbolt
 Evil spirit (demons)
• Again are of two type –
 Contagious (or infectious)
 Accidental

IATROGENIC DISORDERS
• Iatrogenic (of a disease or symptoms) induced in a patient by the
treatment or comments of a physician
• Mechanical procedures
• Diagnostic aspiration of fluids may lead to hemorrhage, secondary
infection, etc. Rapid pleural or peritoneal fluid aspiration and needle
biopsies may lead to shock and even death. Endoscopic procedure
may cause perforation of hollow viscus.

• Diagnostic radiology
• Reactions to contrast media injected intravenously or intra-arterially
may be mild, moderate or severe, and some are potentially fatal.
Intravascular contrast media may have a nephrotoxic reaction.
Cerebral angiography may cause transient or permanent neurological
deficits. Radioisotopes are safe except in pregnant mothers or in
newborn

• Adverse drug reactions (ADR)
• ADR is defined by World Health Organization as any response for a
drug which is noxious, unintended and which occurs at doses
normally used for prophylaxis, diagnosis and therapy of disease [3].
ADR can be classified as predictable (side effects, toxicity, super
infection, drug interactions) and unpredictable (intolerance,
idiosyncrasy, allergy or pseudo allergy)

KALABALA/ KALAJA
कालबलप्रिृत्ता ये शीतोष्णिातिषाशतपप्रभृत्रतत्रित्रमत्ताुः; तेऽत्रप त्रित्रिधाुः-
व्यापन्नतशक
ृ ताुः, अव्यापन्नतशक
कालुः शीतोष्णिषशलक्षिुः षिृतकुः| क
े पिस्त इत्याह-
शीतोष्णिातिषाशतपप्रभृत्रतत्रित्रमत्ताुः; ते पिजाशड्यदाहकम्पादयुः, तथा व्रिज्वराश्च|

• This group includes diseases, which are caused by meteorological
changes such as variation in the atmospheric temperature like hot or
cold, humidity or dryness, rain and wind, incidental change in season.
• These disease can be classified under two subheadings as exhibit
either their natural or normal traits or abnormal, such normal or
perverse traits the former is responsible for the causation of disorder
arising out of the usual adaptive reaction of the body
• They are known as avyaappannakruta (caused by abnormal seasons)
and Vyapanakruta (caused in normal season) disease consequent on
inability of the body to adapt itself to sudden and abnormal climatic
and seasonal variation

ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
• Environmental diseases (ENVDs) are non-communicable diseases that
result when people are chronically exposed to toxic environmental
chemicals. Other contributory causes of ENVDs include radiation,
pathogens, allergens and psychological stress

Underlying Determinants Possible Adverse Health and Safety Consequences
Inadequate water (quantity and quality), sanitation and solid waste disposal, improper hygein
(handwashing)
Diarrhea and vector-related diseases (for example, malaria, schistosomiasis, and dengue)
Improper water resource managment, uncluding poor drainage Vector-related diseases
Crowded housing and poor ventialtion of smoke Acute and chronic respiratory disease, including lung cancer from coal and tobacco inhalation
Exposures to vehicular and industrial air pollution Respiratory diseases, some cancers, and loss of IQ in children
Population movement and encroachment and construction, which affect feeding and breeding
grounds of vectors, such as mosquitoes
Vector-related diseases
May also spread other infectious diseases (for example, HIV/AIDS, Ebola)
Exposure to naturally ocurring toxic substances Poising from substances such as arsenic, manganese, and fluorides
Natural resources degradation (for example, landslides, poor drainage, erosion) Injury and death from landslides and flooding
Climate change, partly from combustion of fossil fuel and release of greenhouse gases in
transportation, industry, and poor energy conservation in housing, fuel, commerce, and
industry
Injury/death from extreeme heat/cold, sotres, floods, and fires
Indirect effects spread of vectorbrone diseases, aggravation of respriatory diseases, population
dislocation, water pollution from sea level rise, etc.
Ozone depletion from industrial and commercial actvitiy
Skin cancer, cataracts
Indirect effect: compromised food production

• Biological hazards are infectious (communicable) diseases caused
by pathogens (disease-causing organisms or infectious particles) such
as bacteria, fungi, parasitic worms, protozoa, viruses, and prions
Sl.no ORGANISM DISEASE
01 Bacteria tuberculosis, cholera, bacterial pneumonia, and
dysentery
02 Virus COVID-19, influenza, measles, the common cold,
ebola viral disease (Ebola hemorrhagic fever),
and human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome
(AIDS)

• Chemical hazards are toxic substances, which cause damage to living
organisms. Air pollutants (such as secondhand smoke or carbon monoxide),
heavy metals, and pesticides are a few examples. We can be exposed to
these contaminants from a variety of residential, commercial, and
industrial sources
• Physical hazards may arise naturally such as natural disasters (earthquakes,
wildfires, landslides, etc.) or extreme weather
• Others may arise from human structures or activities (traffic accident,
building collapse, injury from mechanical equipment, strain on the body
from repeated movements, etc.)
• Some physical hazards, such as explosions or radiation, can arise from
natural or human sources

SWABHAVA BALA
स्वभािबलप्रिृत्ता ये क्षत्मत्पपासाजरामृत्यत्रिद्राप्रभृतयुः; तेऽत्रप त्रित्रिधाुः-
कालजा, अकालजाश्च; ति परररक्षिक
ृ ताुः कालजाुः, अपरररक्षिक
ृ ता अकाल
जाुः |
एते आत्रधदवत्रिकाुः |
अि सिशव्याध्यिरोधुः ||७||

• This type includes disease which arise due to natural organic and
functional changes in the body and mind such as due to senility,
death hunger thirst, sleep brought about in person who have strictly
adhere to or followed prescribed rules of health in the normal course
of events due to efflux of time. These conditions are known as
kalakruta (timely).
• On the other hand occurrence of changes in body and mind
prematurely are classed under heading akalkruta (untimely). These
occur largely due to leading of unhealthy modes of life

GERIATRIC DISORDERS
• Geriatric syndrome include a number of conditions typical of ,if not
specific to, aging such as dementia, depression delirium ,incontinence
,vertigo falls spontaneous bone fractures which leads to reduced life
expectancy
• Classify on the basis of
(1) PROBLEMS DUE TO THE AGEING PROCESS
(2) PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH LONG-TERM ILLNESS
(3) PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS

PROBLEMS DUE TO THE AGEING PROCESS
• Senile cataract
• Glaucoma
• Nerve deafness
• Osteoporosis
• Emphysema
• Failure of special senses
• Change in mental outlook

PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH LONG-TERM
ILLNESS
• Degenerative diseases -OA
• Cancer
• Accidents
• Diabetes
• Diseases of loco-motor system
• Respiratory illness
• Genitourinary system-BPH
• Stroke
• HTN

PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
• Senile Dementia
• Alzheimer’s
• Parkinson’s Disease
• MENTAL CHANGES Impaired memory, rigidity of outlook, dislike of
change are some of them.
• SEXUAL ADJUSTMENT
• EMOTIONAL DISORDERS Social maladjustment leads to bitterness,
inner withdrawal, depression, weariness of life, and even suicide.

SUMMARY
1.Explain
Adibala/Sahaja &
Explain
Janmabala/Garbaja
& Congenital
disorders
Explain Dosha
bala/Jataja &
Acquired disorders
Explain Sangata bala
/Peedaja &
Traumatic disorders
Explain
Daivabala/Prabhavaj
& Iatrogenic
disorders
Explain Kalabala/
Kalaja &
Environmental
disorders
Explain Swabhava &
Geriatric disorders

REFERENCES
1. Sushruta Samhita
2. Bernadette Modell et.al CONGENITAL DISORDERS: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL
METHODS FOR ANSWERING CALLS FOR ,2018ACTION, Journal of Community
Genetics, 2018.
3. NR Krishnan, (Retd),and AS Kasthuri, (Retd), Iatrogenic Disorders,
Med J Armed Forces India.2005 Jan
4. https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Ecology/Environmental_Scie
nce_(Ha_and_Schleiger)/04%3A_Humans_and_the_Environment/4
.04%3A_Environmental_Health/4.4.01%3A_Types_of_Environment
al_Hazards

THANK YOU

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