Racial Differences in Expectations Regarding Movement 4.17.09
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1) The document analyzes racial differences in expectations regarding movement (ERM) among older adults. 2) It finds that 34% of the sample was African American and they had significantly lower ERM scores than whites, indicating they were more likely to attribute health problems to normal aging. 3) However, after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and health factors, the racial differences in ERM were no longer significant, suggesting that education, financial burden, and the presence of parkinsonism better explained beliefs about normal aging.
![Racial differences in Expectations Regarding Movement (ERM) Nabila Dahodwala, MD, MS, 1,2 Jason Karlawish, MD, 2,3 Cynthia Zubritsky, PhD, 2,4 David S. Mandell, ScD 2,4 1 Department of Neurology, 2 Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, 3 Department of Medicine, 4 Department of Psychiatry University of Pennsylvania Table 1. Sample characteristics Table 3. Analysis of African American race and low Expectations Regarding Movement *Demographic factors = age and gender **Socioeconomic factors = education and financial burden ***Health factors = presence of parkinsonism, self-reported health and number of co-morbid conditions Figure 1. Association of demographic and clinical characteristics with low Expectations Regarding Movement Table 2. Independent factors associated with low Expectations Regarding Movement Superscript indicates the number of missing values for that variable *Comorbidities = diabetes, hypertension, stroke/TIA, Alzheimer’s disease/dementia, arthritis, Parkinson’s disease p<0.05 p<0.01 p<0.01 p<0.01 p<0.01 p<0.01 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],To identify demographic and clinical characteristics associated with low expectations regarding normal movement function with aging Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Background ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Methods ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Conclusions Adjustment factors OR for African Americans 95% CI p-value Demographic factors* 1.47 1.16-1.87 0.002 Demographic factors* and education 1.34 1.03-1.75 0.025 Demographic factors* and financial burden 1.38 1.07-1.77 0.013 Demographic* and socioeconomic** factors 1.30 1.00-1.69 0.053 Demographic*, socioeconomic** and health factors*** 1.24 0.93-1.65 0.146 Characteristic OR 95% CI p-value Age > 82 1.3 0.5, 3.8 0.61 Female 1.1 0.4, 3.1 0.89 African American 1.2 0.9, 1.7 0.15 High School education 2.2 0.8, 6.2 0.14 Less than High School Education 8.8 2.6, 29.9 0.001 Just Enough/Not enough $ at end of month 3.0 1.2, 7.3 0.017 Parkinsonism 22.3 3.5, 143 0.001 Poor/fair self reported health 1.5 0.5, 5.0 0.47 >= 2 co-morbid conditions 0.7 0.3, 1.8 0.49 Characteristic Total (N=177) African American (N=60) White (N=117) p-value Age > 82 3 26.6% 20.0% 29.9 0.16 Female 2 80.0% 81.7% 79.1% 0.69 Less than high school education 18.6% 28.3% 13.7% 0.03 High school education 41.2% 41.7% 41.0% More than high school education 40.1% 30.0% 45.3% Just enough $ to make ends meet/Not enough to make ends meet 1 45.4% 61.7% 37.1% <0.01 Parkinsonism 9.0% 13.3% 6.8% 0.15 Poor or fair self reported health 2 15.4% 23.3% 11.3% 0.04 ≥ 2 comorbidities* 54.2% 66.7 47.9% 0.02 Lowest quartile of ERM 28.1% 41.7% 22.2% <0.01](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/dahodwalanabila-racialdifferencesinexpectationsregardingmovement-4-17-09-100819085908-phpapp01/85/Racial-Differences-in-Expectations-Regarding-Movement-4-17-09-1-320.jpg)
