The Tongariro Alpine Crossing in New Zealand's Tongariro National Park has seen increasing visitor numbers that now exceed 100,000 annually. There are three main concerns about managing the track sustainably: overcrowding during peak seasons, erosion from foot traffic, and funding the increasing costs of maintenance, toilets, and emergency services. Stakeholders are considering options like limiting visitor numbers through a booking system or user fees to address these challenges and protect the track as a world-class experience into the future.
When tourism getting momentum globally, a concern irks locally is – is tourism really benefitting the common people in destinations? When ordinary people are forced to jeopardize their convenience for the pleasures of travelers and tour operators, a lion part of the income generated from tourism goes to minority business players. Even though these natural attractions are to be equally enjoyed by all, this paradox remain prevails. Here the novel concept Responsible Tourism (RT) tries to answer many of our apprehensions. This paper reiterates that RT initiative – a strategy to accomplish economic, social and environmental objectives simultaneously shall be the approach for destination management. The Sustainable Tourism Products (STP) and Community Based Tourism (CBT) products emerge as a new strategy for destination marketing, and this Cause Related Marketing (CRM) totally in line with pro-poor, inclusive, and sustainable development concepts creates a win-win situation among community, tourists and industry.
Keywords: Responsible Tourism, Community Based Tourism (CBT) Product, Sustainable Tourism Product (STP), Destination Management, Destination Marketing, and Cause Related Marketing (CRM)
Policy Setting for Improved Linkages Between Agriculture, Trade and Tourism: Strengthening the Local Agrifood sector and Promoting Healthy Food in Agritourism
Workshop organised by the Government of Tuvalu
In collaboration with and Pacific Community, CTA, PIPSO and SPTO.
Funafuti, Tuvalu, 7 & 10 September 2018
En el Seminario Ciencia y religión de la Universidad de Granada (dentro de la Cátedra de Teologia) se desarrollan tres aspectos: ¿de qué evolución hablamos? ¿qué problemática tiene hoy la evolución: de Richard Dawkins al Diseño Inteligente? ¿Qué problemas científicos, filosóficos y teológicos tiene la evolución humana?
Presentation on a paper entitled, "Is it more fun in the Philippines? : Challenges to sustainable tourism development in the Philippines" at the International Interdisciplinary Conference on the Environment (IICE) in Portland, Oregon (June, 2013)
When tourism getting momentum globally, a concern irks locally is – is tourism really benefitting the common people in destinations? When ordinary people are forced to jeopardize their convenience for the pleasures of travelers and tour operators, a lion part of the income generated from tourism goes to minority business players. Even though these natural attractions are to be equally enjoyed by all, this paradox remain prevails. Here the novel concept Responsible Tourism (RT) tries to answer many of our apprehensions. This paper reiterates that RT initiative – a strategy to accomplish economic, social and environmental objectives simultaneously shall be the approach for destination management. The Sustainable Tourism Products (STP) and Community Based Tourism (CBT) products emerge as a new strategy for destination marketing, and this Cause Related Marketing (CRM) totally in line with pro-poor, inclusive, and sustainable development concepts creates a win-win situation among community, tourists and industry.
Keywords: Responsible Tourism, Community Based Tourism (CBT) Product, Sustainable Tourism Product (STP), Destination Management, Destination Marketing, and Cause Related Marketing (CRM)
Policy Setting for Improved Linkages Between Agriculture, Trade and Tourism: Strengthening the Local Agrifood sector and Promoting Healthy Food in Agritourism
Workshop organised by the Government of Tuvalu
In collaboration with and Pacific Community, CTA, PIPSO and SPTO.
Funafuti, Tuvalu, 7 & 10 September 2018
En el Seminario Ciencia y religión de la Universidad de Granada (dentro de la Cátedra de Teologia) se desarrollan tres aspectos: ¿de qué evolución hablamos? ¿qué problemática tiene hoy la evolución: de Richard Dawkins al Diseño Inteligente? ¿Qué problemas científicos, filosóficos y teológicos tiene la evolución humana?
Presentation on a paper entitled, "Is it more fun in the Philippines? : Challenges to sustainable tourism development in the Philippines" at the International Interdisciplinary Conference on the Environment (IICE) in Portland, Oregon (June, 2013)
Ecotourism Emerging Industry Forum (2005)ron mader
Ecotourism Emerging Industry Forum
Planeta.com
http://planeta.com/emerging-industry-forum
http://planeta.com/emerging-forum-summary
Wiki
http://planeta.wikispaces.com/emergingindustry
The Restoration Agenda: Some Practical Issues. By
Lalisa A. Duguma, Anthony Kimaro and Peter Minang - ICRAF
Some countries are transitioning from commitment to implementation and a number of important issues need to be well articulated. Looks at social, economic and practical considerations, with reference to the Shinyanga restoration success in Tanzania
Azores presentation for Discover the WorldMrs Coles
Presentation for Sustainability and Tourism in the Azores for Discover the World conference. Embedded video links on some slides and notes on a separate page.
A Review of Water Management and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) in Lower Middl...Declan Hearne
This paper will focus on a review of the challenges and opportunities for Water Manage-ment and Disaster Risk Reduction in post disaster environments in lower middle Income Countries . The review will draw on grass roots experience from both Indonesia and Philippines.
The paper will outline the cost effectiveness of proactive strategies that consider disaster risk reduction as an integrated component of water management (as strongly indicated in AusAID policy for DRR.)
From Indonesia the reviewed will focus on how SurfAid International has cut into a niche corporate sector to attract funds to support social and environmental services in post dis-aster environments. The paper will look at three programs implemented in parallel by SurfAid International building health wellbeing and self-reliance of remote island communi-ties. Efforts from IWRM projects in Davao will also be consider and how they have pro-duced unintended, but welcome, outcomes in build the resilience of upland communities. Opportunities for better integration between water management and DRR will then be pre-sented.
The Symposium main theme which aims "to identify business opportunities for water sec-tor to integrate into an expanding environmental services industries" will be tackled by looking at the challenges in funding and sustaining funding for water management in post disaster environments. We will review the increasing role of the philanthropy in supporting recovery from disasters and the need to shift from responsive to proactive strategies for disaster management. The paper will present how water management and DRR strategies are both compatible and necessary to enable sustainable development, particularly in dis-aster prone SE Asia.
Finally the paper will apply these lessons and project a vision of how HELP Basins could become a local catalyst, creating a demand for water knowledge services that guides wa-ter actors to be proactive in engage a full spectrum of stakeholders for a truly diversified water business environment that is focus on social, economic and environment outcomes.
María Loureiro-'Los retos del Planeta y propuestas de soluciones desde la bio...Fundación Ramón Areces
El 1 de febrero de 2017 dedicamos en la Fundación Ramón Areces un simposio internacional a 'Los retos del Planeta y propuestas de soluciones desde la bioeconomía'. Organizado en colaboración con la Asociación BioEuroLatina, fue inaugurado por la Secretaria de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Carmen Vela. Durante toda la jornada, los ponentes debatieron sobre cómo la bioeconomía, conjunto de actividades económicas que utilizan de manera sostenible los recursos de origen biológico, contribuye a producir alimentos, y energía de soporte para el conjunto del sistema económico.
• Presentation made at the Sustainable Tourism in Small Island Developing States conference, 23-24 November 2017, Seychelles. A partnership of the Seychelles Sustainable Tourism Foundation, IUCN WCPA Tourism and Protected Areas Specialist Group, University of Seychelles, Paris Tourism Sorbonne (IREST), and Global Sustainable Tourism Council.
Groundwater and soil pollution with nitrate nitrogen by land disposal of wastewater, and a trial measure against the issues.
Tomio Suzuki (Non Profit Organization, Institute of Ecological Engineering, Japan)
Yutaro Anzai (Shinshu-University, Japan)
Akito Matsumoto (Shinshu-University, Japan)
Ecotourism Emerging Industry Forum (2005)ron mader
Ecotourism Emerging Industry Forum
Planeta.com
http://planeta.com/emerging-industry-forum
http://planeta.com/emerging-forum-summary
Wiki
http://planeta.wikispaces.com/emergingindustry
The Restoration Agenda: Some Practical Issues. By
Lalisa A. Duguma, Anthony Kimaro and Peter Minang - ICRAF
Some countries are transitioning from commitment to implementation and a number of important issues need to be well articulated. Looks at social, economic and practical considerations, with reference to the Shinyanga restoration success in Tanzania
Azores presentation for Discover the WorldMrs Coles
Presentation for Sustainability and Tourism in the Azores for Discover the World conference. Embedded video links on some slides and notes on a separate page.
A Review of Water Management and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) in Lower Middl...Declan Hearne
This paper will focus on a review of the challenges and opportunities for Water Manage-ment and Disaster Risk Reduction in post disaster environments in lower middle Income Countries . The review will draw on grass roots experience from both Indonesia and Philippines.
The paper will outline the cost effectiveness of proactive strategies that consider disaster risk reduction as an integrated component of water management (as strongly indicated in AusAID policy for DRR.)
From Indonesia the reviewed will focus on how SurfAid International has cut into a niche corporate sector to attract funds to support social and environmental services in post dis-aster environments. The paper will look at three programs implemented in parallel by SurfAid International building health wellbeing and self-reliance of remote island communi-ties. Efforts from IWRM projects in Davao will also be consider and how they have pro-duced unintended, but welcome, outcomes in build the resilience of upland communities. Opportunities for better integration between water management and DRR will then be pre-sented.
The Symposium main theme which aims "to identify business opportunities for water sec-tor to integrate into an expanding environmental services industries" will be tackled by looking at the challenges in funding and sustaining funding for water management in post disaster environments. We will review the increasing role of the philanthropy in supporting recovery from disasters and the need to shift from responsive to proactive strategies for disaster management. The paper will present how water management and DRR strategies are both compatible and necessary to enable sustainable development, particularly in dis-aster prone SE Asia.
Finally the paper will apply these lessons and project a vision of how HELP Basins could become a local catalyst, creating a demand for water knowledge services that guides wa-ter actors to be proactive in engage a full spectrum of stakeholders for a truly diversified water business environment that is focus on social, economic and environment outcomes.
María Loureiro-'Los retos del Planeta y propuestas de soluciones desde la bio...Fundación Ramón Areces
El 1 de febrero de 2017 dedicamos en la Fundación Ramón Areces un simposio internacional a 'Los retos del Planeta y propuestas de soluciones desde la bioeconomía'. Organizado en colaboración con la Asociación BioEuroLatina, fue inaugurado por la Secretaria de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Carmen Vela. Durante toda la jornada, los ponentes debatieron sobre cómo la bioeconomía, conjunto de actividades económicas que utilizan de manera sostenible los recursos de origen biológico, contribuye a producir alimentos, y energía de soporte para el conjunto del sistema económico.
• Presentation made at the Sustainable Tourism in Small Island Developing States conference, 23-24 November 2017, Seychelles. A partnership of the Seychelles Sustainable Tourism Foundation, IUCN WCPA Tourism and Protected Areas Specialist Group, University of Seychelles, Paris Tourism Sorbonne (IREST), and Global Sustainable Tourism Council.
Groundwater and soil pollution with nitrate nitrogen by land disposal of wastewater, and a trial measure against the issues.
Tomio Suzuki (Non Profit Organization, Institute of Ecological Engineering, Japan)
Yutaro Anzai (Shinshu-University, Japan)
Akito Matsumoto (Shinshu-University, Japan)
The Application and Performance of Urine Diversion to Minimize Waste Management Costs Associated with Remote Wilderness Toilets. By Geoff Hill and Greg Henry
Top 8 Strategies for Effective Sustainable Waste Management.pdfJhon Wick
Discover top strategies for effective sustainable waste management, including product removal and product destruction. Learn how to reduce, reuse, recycle, compost, implement waste segregation, and explore innovative technologies for a greener future.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Altered Terrain: Colonial Encroachment and Environmental Changes in Cachar, A...PriyankaKilaniya
The beginning of colonial policy in the area was signaled by the British annexation of the Cachar district in southern Assam in 1832. The region became an alluring investment opportunity for Europeans after British rule over Cachar, especially after the accidental discovery of wild tea in 1855. Within this historical context, this study explores three major stages that characterize the evolution of nature. First, it examines the distribution and growth of tea plantations, examining their size and rate of expansion. The second aspect of the study examines the consequences of land concessions, which led to the initial loss of native forests. Finally, the study investigates the increased strain on forests caused by migrant workers' demands. It also highlights the crucial role that the Forest Department plays in protecting these natural habitats from the invasion of tea planters. This study aims to analyze the intricate relationship between colonialism and the altered landscape of Cachar, Assam, by means of a thorough investigation, shedding light on the environmental, economic, and societal aspects of this historical transformation.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
1. 1
Copyright photograph by NZ Herald
Cities on Volcanoes Conference
Yogayakarta, INDONESIA
Paul Dawson
photo
Sustainable Summits 2016, Aoraki Mt Cook
National Park, 7-11 August
Harry Keys (hkeys@doc.govt.nz)
Department of Conservation
DOC-2848662
2. 2
Red Crater 1886 m
Tongariro 1961 m
Emerald Lakes
Blue Lake/
Rangihiroa's Mirror
3. 3
Copyright photograph by NZ Herald
Cities on Volcanoes Conference
Yogayakarta, INDONESIA
Ngauruhoe last erupted 1974-77
Red Crater last erupted 1934
Te Maari last erupted 2012
Mangatepopo
carpark &
Roadend
To Ketetahi
Roadend
Alpine area subject to
severe weather year
round
3 historically active
volcanic vents
Centre of North island, very
accessible
Visitor use peaks over summer
4. 4
A short history of the Crossing
Left: 1908 tourist group at Emerald Lakes - few people,
no management
Right: Now many people, management important,
moving towards co-management with iwi
2013 opening ceremony after eruptions
5. 5
Estimated numbers on the Crossing
10,000
Spot counts & hut
surveys from 1992
Early 1990s:
international visitors
exceed NZers
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
2005 2010 2015
Calendar Year
Counter time series
1992: 11,000 people: 20% of 48,000 total on the19 km track
2015: 109,000: 80% of 140,000 total on the 20 km track
Estimated numbers 1950-2011, Bamford 2014
GFC
eruption
?
Growth can’t continue like this: numbers and/or
experience are likely to decline unless some kind
of new management is introduced and effective
6. 6
Economic benefits
• Large number of people
• Almost 90% stay 1 or 2 nights in local districts
• $200/day spent on accommodation & transport
per TNP summer visitor ($20 million/year)
• Strong growth (9%/year, average compound rate)
• 80-90% use buses & rental vehicles
• 21 transport concessions; 22 guiding concessions
mostly local
• >50 bus and rental car companies used
• Increased number of school/youth visits &
benefits from education
7. 7
• 46% 20-29 years, 22% 30-39;
strong social media use
• International 76% (range 70-
80%, trend appears to have
weakened)
• No reduction in numbers of
NZers
• Domestic (2012): AKL 43%,
Wgtn 12%, South Is 3%
• Gender: even ratio
• Party size: 1 =13%, 2 =46%,
3-4 =24%
• 60% 0-1 hike/year of this type
Demographics etc
Based on 6 visitor surveys
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
International&domesticproportions
Survey year/season
% international
% domestic
Apparent no.
NZ
8. 8
Social and recreational benefits
“strong benefits”, “clear majority satisfied” [similar to
expectations], “huge sense of achievement”
Angus & Assoc 2012, Blaschke & Whitney 2007
Helping meet DOCs 2025 goals:
50% international visitors visit a national park;
90% of New Zealanders enriched by our nature
2012 Q: What did you most enjoy?
11. 11
Copyright photograph by NZ Herald
Cities on Volcanoes Conference
Yogayakarta, INDONESIA
Main management concerns & issues
1. cost per person (“just need funding”)
Track work ($3 pp)
Rescue, SAR & volcanic risk
management – visitor safety ($2 pp)
Toilets/waste-management ($1.50 pp)
Road maintenance
Concession management
2. challenge to solve
Crowding on track at times &
maintaining satisfaction
Protecting cultural values & identity
Transport & car parking
Effective planning/consultation Top: DOC;
Bottom: Paul Carr
12. 12
Copyright photograph by NZ Herald
Cities on Volcanoes Conference
Yogayakarta, INDONESIA
Track management/erosion control
standard solutions, some debate
Vulnerable volcanic soils (trampling &
erosion)
Restoration, upgrades & track
deviations (up to $250/metre)
Maintenance $3.50/m (DOC model)
Limits to upgrade options in mountains
Alternative tracks, concerns & efficacy
13. 13
Copyright photograph by NZ Herald
Cities on Volcanoes Conference
Yogayakarta, INDONESIA
Safety & risk management and the
TAC visitor
• Limited understanding of
personal responsibility - “they’d
close the track if it wasn’t safe”
• Most visitors are reasonably
prepared but notable exceptions
• Information available but not
always accessed/received
• Iwi hold a duty of care -
kaitiakitanga
• No trauma fatalities for 5 years
but several near-misses
(hypothermia, slips, rockfall, Aug
2012 eruption)
• Many rescues, well developed
public (free) system Heading to Mt Doom (barefoot like
Frodo!) & about to get lost in cloud.
DOC photo
Babies on the TAC - first baby
rescue 2016. DOC photo
14. 14
• A mass fatality event in TNP will
most likely be due to an
“unheralded” eruption
• Unmitigated: 1 event / 10-19 years
• If mitigation effective: 1 event / 90-
100 yrs
• Good volcanic warning system but
maintaining readiness is a
concern
• Concessionaire contribution?
• Accept that eruptions disrupt
visitor use & commercial activity
Top: Herb Spannagl;
bottom: Cant. Uni
Risk management in active volcanic
areas
15. 15
噴石(奥の院)
Ontake eruption 2014: 58 hikers killed (5 missing) most
of them by flying rocks. Similar eruption to Tongariro
2012, so many lessons (e.g. need for effective
communications & warnings)
16. 16
Copyright photograph by NZ Herald
Cities on Volcanoes Conference
Yogayakarta, INDONESIA
Toilets
“Dissatisfaction rates relatively
high” Angus Assoc 2012 (annual
numbers c 85,000)
Plan to double number of toilet
pans and locations in 2 years &
reduce waste volume. CAPEX
$500,000
Difficult siting decisions to
minimise impact on scenic,
cultural & aesthetic values
Personal poo kits practical?
Top: DOC; bottom: Bubs Smith
17. 17
2005: “Integrated use limits” aka “carrying
capacity” identified: exceeded when >550-
600 people-counts/day
2012: number confirmed
≥ 600 counts/day = negative perceptions,
sense of crowding, detracts from
experience
20% of survey days in 2005 had ≥600
counts
34% in 2012 had ≥600
55% in Jan-April 2016 had ≥600
3 days with ≥2000 counts in 2016
≈ 40% of NZ Ranker reviewers now
mention crowding etc
Crowding perceptions
Peak day queue up Red Crater
ridge: at the chain section
requested by concessionaires
18. 18
Copyright photograph by NZ Herald
Cities on Volcanoes Conference
Yogayakarta, INDONESIA
Over-use/over-crowding needs multi-
facetted solution:
Staggering of start times often
suggested (since 1990s): it’s
occurring but problem not solved
Booking or quota system or user-
charge: taxpayer discount
Transport management (most
visitors use concession transport)
Concession management – legal
constraints (but less when
environment & safety issues?)
Planning process-integrity of
Management Plan process, more
focused consultation, other govt
funding
2005
2012
19. 19
Cities on Volcanoes Conference
Yogayakarta, INDONESIA
Suggested revision of goals
“We have a responsibility to ensure people can enjoy our wild
places while protecting the integrity of the environment” Hon.
Maggie Barry, Minister of Conservation, SS booklet
1. Limit numbers: ensure the world-
class visitor experience is protected
and provides ongoing economic
benefits to tangata whenua and other
local communities
2. Manage transport logistics: work
with concessionaires to ensure their
businesses assist with goal 1
3. Optimise risk management: pay
more heed to the alpine volcanic
environment & visitor responsibility
4. Protect values: cherish Tongariro
National Park World Heritage Area
5. Emphasise TAC’s value: bring
together & unify mountain
communities Top: Bubs Smith; bottom: DOC
20. 20
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
4,000,000
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
200,000
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Internationalvisitorarrivalsandforecast
VisitorNumbers(basedonrawKetetahicounterdata)
Annual visitor numbers and projections
Annual Ketetahi totals (counter
100073031 corrected for missing
data) for non-eruption episode
years
Annual Ketetahi totals directly
affected by eruption episode
corrected for missing March 2012
data
Synthetic Ketetahi totals during
eruption episode
Ketetahi Model with compound
growth rate of 8.6%
Projected Ketetahi totals with 6%
compound average growth rate
(MBIE forecast to 2020)
International Visitor arrivals (MBIE)
International visitor arrival forecast
(MBIE 2016, with compound
average growth rate of 6%)
Calendar year
Visitornumbers
23. 23
Crowding: examined in 1993-96, 2005 & 2012
surveys
2005
2012
2015/16 Bubs Smith photos
• Red Crater area
most crowding
reported
• Ketetahi roadend
largest increase
24. 24
Copyright photograph by NZ Herald
Cities on Volcanoes Conference
Yogayakarta, INDONESIA
Quote from Blaschke & Whitney 2007
• Currently, transport concessions do not impose any limits on the number of
walkers able to be carried, so that on busy days transport operators have
unlimited discretion to run additional busloads. Comments made during the
focus group discussions identified a number of further issues with the
concession process. Allegations and anecdotal information were provided
concerning conditions of concessions not being adhered to, under-reporting
of numbers of walkers carried, and the presence of non-authorised operators
within the park providing transport services and in some cases guiding
services to significant numbers of walkers.
• DOC’s intention for the concession system is that it “helps the Department to
ensure that the various concession activities are compatible with the primary
aim of protecting the land and other resources. It also helps to make sure
that services and facilities provided for visitors are appropriate, of a suitable
standard and that other activities do not conflict with visitor enjoyment.”
(http://www.doc.govt.nz/About-DOC/Concessions/index.asp).
• It would be difficult to argue that the current system for transport
concessions for the Crossing achieves this stated intention.
25. 25
What they say about the TAC
• DOC brochure 1990s: “Often
described as the best one day
walk in NZ”
• Lonely Planet: “one of the
world’s greatest one-day hikes”
• Wikipedia: “among the most
popular day hikes in the
country”
• Trip Advisor: Rating 5*, 1056
reviews (85% excellent, 12%
VG, 0.2% terrible)
• NZ Rankers: 90%*, 788 reviews
• *caution with these stats
27. 27
Copyright photograph by NZ Herald
Cities on Volcanoes Conference
Yogayakarta, INDONESIA
TAC with existing & proposed toilet sites
Angus Associates 2012
Additional slides for reference
28. 28
Summary in Bamford 2014:
Currently the Department of Conservation and Ngati
Hikairo Ki Tongariro are assessing their options for
sustainably managing the TAC. Their 5 objectives are:
1. Develop and future-proof the TAC as a sustainable
world-class visitor experience;
2. Increase knowledge, respect and understanding of the
values of Tongariro National Park (TNP);
3. Use the TAC to promote and grow the region(s) and to
ensure that it contributes to the economic sustainability
of local communities;
4. Provide economic opportunities and resources for the
development of Ngati Hikairo ki Tongariro;
5. Use the TAC to bring together and unify mountain
communities.
29. 29
History of the Crossing
Pre 1900s: trails to Ketetahi Springs (medicinal & cultural) & birding
Early 1900s: bridle trail Papakai over to Waihohonu Hut/coach rd
1920s-40s: tramways built for logging in Ketetahi bush
1950s & 60s: Park develops track with tramping club assistance
1960s-early 90s: “Tongariro Crossing” track restoration & upgrades:
Summer Programme crossing & Ketetahi Springs very popular
1986: 1st public transport
From 1993: OSH/access/fee option negotiations with Ketetahi Trust
Early 1990s: crowding concerns raised
2007: “Alpine” added to name because of safety concerns
2008 & 2011: deviations circumventing eroded area & Ketetahi land
2012-13: eruption episode prevents access to full TAC until May
Towards co-management with iwi in last 20 years
31. 31
Visitor surveys and other references
• Angus & Associates 2012
• Bamford 2014
• Blaschke & Whitney 2007
• Coomber & Leonard 2005
• Dhellemmes 2016
• Gibson 1996
• Keys, Williams and Leonard 2014
• Olsen 2001
• Slee and Curtis 1993
• Visitor counters
Acknowledgements to Bubs Smith and other
photographers, DOC & police colleagues, GNS
Science and Canterbury University