The document discusses principles and practices for college English teaching and learning through online learning communities. It outlines three principles of mutual respect and equal dialogue for all community members, all-round interaction and collaboration, and an intercultural teaching approach. Case studies and examples from the author's online learning community demonstrate how these principles can be implemented to improve English learning outcomes through interactions on the online platform.
This document discusses the need for collaborative educational learning tools to be grounded in learning theories like constructivism and sociocultural perspectives. It examines three models of the mind - as computer, brain, and rhizome - that relate to views of learning as information processing, experiential growth, and sociocultural activity. Recent technological advances have increased opportunities for collaboration using tools like the internet and computer-mediated communication, but guidance is needed on how to integrate these tools pedagogically. Research on collaborative learning tools can help address this need by identifying how tools can facilitate, augment, and redefine learning environments.
1) Culture teaching in foreign language education is important because language and culture are intertwined. Without understanding the cultural contexts and norms of the target language, learners may struggle with intercultural communication.
2) There are several theories and approaches to teaching culture in foreign language education. One influential model proposes teaching foreign language, language awareness, culture awareness, and providing cultural experiences.
3) It is important for learners to develop cultural awareness and cultural schemata in order to properly comprehend and use the target language in appropriate social and cultural contexts. Teaching cultural norms, customs, values and historical backgrounds can help with this.
The document discusses the changing role of teachers in engaging students in learning with technology. It notes that today's students often find school uninteresting and do not see the relevance of what they learn. It contrasts boring traditional teaching methods like lengthy lectures and worksheets with more engaging approaches that incorporate students' interests, collaborative projects, and 21st century tools. The key impacts of technology on education highlighted are increased connectivity, collaboration, teachers taking more of a guiding role, and a focus on developing expert thinking and complex communication skills for students. It concludes that technology allows more in-depth and interactive exploration of topics that were previously impractical.
The document discusses the need for multiliteracy in the 21st century classroom. It explores various sources that argue students must develop skills beyond traditional literacy to communicate and learn in a technology-driven world. Multiliteracy involves teaching students to interpret and create multimodal texts using visual, audio, and spatial modes of meaning in addition to print. Effective multiliteracy pedagogy employs strategies like scaffolding, multiple intelligences, project-based learning, and fostering students' home languages in diverse classrooms. As technologies continue advancing, multiliteracy skills will remain important for lifelong learning.
This document contains annotations for references related to literacy education. It summarizes 12 sources that discuss multiliteracies and the importance of a multiliteracies approach in education, which allows for the integration of technology and accounts for linguistic and cultural diversity. The annotations describe how the sources address topics like new literacies, using web tools in the classroom, incorporating digital games and multimedia, and the need for teachers to adapt their pedagogies for multiliteracies.
This chapter examines the concept of multiliteracies and how it emerged in literacy programs and classrooms. It discusses Cazden and Gee's involvement in developing multiliteracies and analyzes Luke and Freebody's Four Resources model. The chapter also explores how multiliterary practices influence education and benefit students by requiring them to recognize different literacy qualities and practices.
Hits and Misses: highlights from a global systematic review of literature int...Sarah Lambert
Presentation for The Inclusive Education Summit (TIES) Geelong 27 November 2018. Includes conceptual model - Six Critical Dimensions for Equitable Open Online education, and application to cases of multi-lingual learning.
This document discusses the need for collaborative educational learning tools to be grounded in learning theories like constructivism and sociocultural perspectives. It examines three models of the mind - as computer, brain, and rhizome - that relate to views of learning as information processing, experiential growth, and sociocultural activity. Recent technological advances have increased opportunities for collaboration using tools like the internet and computer-mediated communication, but guidance is needed on how to integrate these tools pedagogically. Research on collaborative learning tools can help address this need by identifying how tools can facilitate, augment, and redefine learning environments.
1) Culture teaching in foreign language education is important because language and culture are intertwined. Without understanding the cultural contexts and norms of the target language, learners may struggle with intercultural communication.
2) There are several theories and approaches to teaching culture in foreign language education. One influential model proposes teaching foreign language, language awareness, culture awareness, and providing cultural experiences.
3) It is important for learners to develop cultural awareness and cultural schemata in order to properly comprehend and use the target language in appropriate social and cultural contexts. Teaching cultural norms, customs, values and historical backgrounds can help with this.
The document discusses the changing role of teachers in engaging students in learning with technology. It notes that today's students often find school uninteresting and do not see the relevance of what they learn. It contrasts boring traditional teaching methods like lengthy lectures and worksheets with more engaging approaches that incorporate students' interests, collaborative projects, and 21st century tools. The key impacts of technology on education highlighted are increased connectivity, collaboration, teachers taking more of a guiding role, and a focus on developing expert thinking and complex communication skills for students. It concludes that technology allows more in-depth and interactive exploration of topics that were previously impractical.
The document discusses the need for multiliteracy in the 21st century classroom. It explores various sources that argue students must develop skills beyond traditional literacy to communicate and learn in a technology-driven world. Multiliteracy involves teaching students to interpret and create multimodal texts using visual, audio, and spatial modes of meaning in addition to print. Effective multiliteracy pedagogy employs strategies like scaffolding, multiple intelligences, project-based learning, and fostering students' home languages in diverse classrooms. As technologies continue advancing, multiliteracy skills will remain important for lifelong learning.
This document contains annotations for references related to literacy education. It summarizes 12 sources that discuss multiliteracies and the importance of a multiliteracies approach in education, which allows for the integration of technology and accounts for linguistic and cultural diversity. The annotations describe how the sources address topics like new literacies, using web tools in the classroom, incorporating digital games and multimedia, and the need for teachers to adapt their pedagogies for multiliteracies.
This chapter examines the concept of multiliteracies and how it emerged in literacy programs and classrooms. It discusses Cazden and Gee's involvement in developing multiliteracies and analyzes Luke and Freebody's Four Resources model. The chapter also explores how multiliterary practices influence education and benefit students by requiring them to recognize different literacy qualities and practices.
Hits and Misses: highlights from a global systematic review of literature int...Sarah Lambert
Presentation for The Inclusive Education Summit (TIES) Geelong 27 November 2018. Includes conceptual model - Six Critical Dimensions for Equitable Open Online education, and application to cases of multi-lingual learning.
The document discusses the use of digital media and technology in language learning. It covers several key points:
1) The author analyzes Bernd Ruschoff's theory that digital media can help create meaningful and authentic learning experiences by allowing students to negotiate output and collaborate.
2) Web 2.0 platforms empower students to both learn and produce content, acting as "digital natives". This generation influences incorporating digital media into curricula.
3) Authentic learning requires not just exposure to real language, but tasks students relate to. Digital media allows sharing output and getting feedback to support learning.
4) Technology is now normalized in life and education. It changes how we learn and teach but
Online learning from a specialized distance education paradigm to a ubiquitou...James Cook University
Anderson, N., & Hajhashemi, K. (2013). Online Learning: From a specialized distance education paradigm to a ubiquitous element of contemporary education. IEEE, 2(13), 91-94.
Abstract: This paper provides a literature overview of the increasing importance of online learning across all modes of instruction, whether they take place in higher education, school-based or informal education. It then moves to discussing the current situation regarding the Australian university sector and then provides an example of the same subject offered in a School of Education across four different modes – two being face to face and two by distance. The modes are reviewed to examine the use of online learning with the common subject and assessment being the control.
Thinking Outside the Binder: Online Portfolios for Professional Reviewbarritt
The document discusses using online portfolios for professional review and development. It argues that online portfolios can help cultivate technological literacy and expose students to new tools for classroom use. It also discusses how online portfolios support the development of "multiliteracies" by allowing students to negotiate diverse discourses. Features of online portfolios mentioned include documentation of student work through blogs, videos, and other media; tagging to indicate interrelationships; and options for public, private, or password-protected sharing. Overall, the document presents online portfolios as having advantages over physical binders by preserving artifacts digitally and improving accessibility, portability, and opportunities for engagement through social media.
This document provides summaries of 10 articles on changes to literacy teaching and learning with the rise of new technologies. Traditionally, literacy was taught through explicit skills-based approaches using printed texts, but digital technologies have expanded the definition of "text" and transformed literacy practices. Teachers now need pedagogies of multiliteracies that embed new technologies and allow students to make meaning across different modes of communication. Frameworks like multiliteracies pedagogy can guide teachers in developing students' cognitive and social literacy skills for a globalized, digital world.
The one-day symposium at Yale University focused on the Shared Course Initiative (SCI) in distance education. It included several presentations on topics related to online and distance language education, such as the benefits of open educational resources, designing effective MOOCs, developing digital literacy skills, and Yale's pathways for online education. Presenters were from universities such as Yale, University of Texas, Open University, Columbia, and UC Berkeley. The event was funded by the Mellon Foundation and organized by Yale's Center for Language Study.
Management of distance learning programmes for effective achievement of objec...Alexander Decker
This document discusses distance learning programs in Nigeria and how to effectively manage them. It begins by stating that no country can adequately meet increasing educational demands through conventional systems alone, and that distance education can help accelerate human resource development. It then discusses key concepts around distance education, including definitions, its role in Nigeria's National Policy on Education, and characteristics outlined by Keegan. The document emphasizes that distance education can increase access to education and help address gaps between supply and demand for skilled workers in Nigeria's economy. It argues that effective management of distance learning programs, including course development, student support services, and educators' roles, is needed to achieve desired results.
Towards a model for m-learning in Africa.webdesignjhb9
Mobile learning (m-learning) extends e-learning by making learning available anywhere through mobile devices. M-learning enhances learning by optimizing interaction between students, teachers, and communities. It provides learning opportunities for rural and mobile learners without infrastructure. The document proposes a model for implementing m-learning in developing countries' higher education and shares developments from an m-learning project in Africa.
11.management of distance learning programmes for effective achievement of ob...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a journal article about managing distance learning programs in Nigeria to effectively achieve objectives. It discusses:
1) The concept of distance education and its role in Nigeria's National Policy on Education.
2) Key areas that must be managed in any distance education system including course development, student support services, and educators' roles.
3) Ways to improve distance education administration with a focus on course development and production, student support services, and defining educators' roles.
1. The document discusses the evolution of distance learning and e-learning in Hungary from the 1990s to present day. It traces how distance learning progressed from correspondence-based methods to utilizing various media like radio, television, and early internet technologies.
2. It describes how e-learning began as a supplement to traditional education but has increasingly become a popular approach on its own. Blended learning models now combine online and offline elements.
3. The emergence of Web 2.0 allowed for more interactive, user-centered e-learning environments where learners can both consume and produce content. Connectivism is discussed as the learning theory underlying these new digital approaches.
Literacies and multiliteracies i mejía & n.h. paradanubhep1
This document discusses literacy and multiliteracy in education. It begins with two educators, I. Mejía and N.H. Parada, discussing how literacy has evolved beyond simply reading and writing to include multimodal tools and technologies. They note that while technologies can enhance learning, many schools still lack adequate internet access. The discussion emphasizes that literacy must adapt to changing technologies and include multimodal texts. Effective teachers integrate literacy skills while using technology as a tool for mediation, not replacement, to improve student motivation and communication competencies. Overall, the document argues that both traditional and new forms of literacy are important, and teachers must continue advancing their knowledge to integrate literacy and technology in their classrooms.
The document discusses the importance of incorporating information and communication technology (ICT) into early childhood literacy education. It provides several arguments in favor of this approach, including that ICT skills are necessary for students' future careers and lives, and that introducing technology early can help close gaps for students without access to it at home. However, it also notes there are some arguments against overly emphasizing technology and reducing focus on traditional literacy skills. Overall, the document examines perspectives on both sides of how to best structure literacy education for young students in the modern, technology-centered world.
The document defines distance education according to Desmond Keegan's five defining criteria: 1) separation of teacher and learner, 2) influence of an educational organization, 3) use of technical media, 4) two-way communication, and 5) separation of learning groups. It discusses revisions to the criteria by other scholars and how advances in technology have impacted distance education. The document also differentiates several related concepts like correspondence education, home study, external studies, and open/flexible/distributed/online/eLearning/mLearning/blended learning.
The document discusses four types of interactions that can occur in distance education: learner-content, learner-learner, learner-instructor, and learner-interface. Learner-content interaction involves how students engage with course material. Continuous interaction with clear and consistent content design can enhance learning. Learner-learner interaction is impacted by the lack of physical interaction online; collaborative learning and peer feedback are important. Learner-instructor interaction helps clarify material and is a strong predictor of perceived learning. Learner-interface interaction depends on students' computer experience, views of the technology used, and technology access.
This document contains an assignment prompt for a student asking them to reflect on what they learned about literacies in the 21st century, how their views on technology in teaching have changed, and their ICT experience. It provides the student ID and date. The prompt contains 3 questions for the student to answer in their response.
Student as producer and open educational resources: enhancing learning throug...Sue Watling
Student as producer and open educational resources: enhancing learning through digital scholarship in Effective Learning in Social Science (ELiSS), 4 (3).2012
An Overview of Criteria for Selecting an LMS.docx.David Brooks
Paper presented at Second Canadian International Conference on Advances in Education,Teaching & Technology 2017, 29-31 July, 2017, Toronto, Canada
This letter is to inform you that the scientific committee has selected your abstract for oral presentation in the Second Canadian International Conference on Advances in Education,Teaching & Technology 2017 (EduTeach2017) which will be held on 29-31 July 2017, at the International Living & Learning Center, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada.
This document provides a summary of annotated references related to literacy education. It discusses several sources that explore the concept of multiliteracies and how pedagogical approaches need to adapt to support learners in developing multiliteracy skills. Some key points discussed include the need for teachers to go beyond just content delivery and develop pedagogies that address the four components of productive pedagogies and the four resource model. The use of Web 2.0 tools in the classroom to develop critical thinking skills is also mentioned. Overall, the summary examines how literacy is evolving with new technologies and the implications this has for both teachers and students.
The four resources model by Luke and Freebody (1999) includes:
i. Breaking the code of texts (code breaker);
ii. Participating in the meanings of text (meaning maker or text participant);
iii. Using texts functionally (text user); and
iv. Critically analysing and transforming texts (text analyst or text critic).
Based on the four resources model by Luke and Freebody, (1999), I would conclude by saying that whenever a teacher is engaging his/her students in a reading activity or other literacy activities, the teacher must ask himself certain questions. These are but a few of them:
i. Am I using a range of texts or sources in my classroom?
ii. Am I imposing the meaning of the text on the students or allowing them to come out with their own interpretations?
iii. Are the students allowed time to analyse everyday texts?
iv. Do I use a context in my teaching that is actually relevant to the needs of my students today?
v. Am I providing support to ensure that students engage with all the four resources model?
Sara Rogers has over 3 years of experience in journalism, including reporting for The Daily Mississippian newspaper and Newswatch99 television station. She has interned at WGNO sports reporting and assisted in writing scripts and editing film. Her skills include fluency in Spanish, AP writing style, and proficiency in Adobe and Microsoft programs. Rogers has maintained high academic honors throughout her education at the University of Mississippi where she earned a BA in journalism with an emphasis in broadcast.
This document provides a link to a homework tips website. The website, homework-tips.com, contains information that may help with the course AC 505. The copyright at the bottom indicates the content is owned by the website and is not to be redistributed without permission.
Dokumen ini memberikan ringkasan tentang Dokumen Standard Prestasi (DSP) mata pelajaran Bahasa Malaysia untuk Tahun Dua di sekolah rendah. Dokumen ini menjelaskan kerangka standard prestasi, matlamat kurikulum, objektif, band pencapaian, deskriptor dan contoh bukti pencapaian murid.
The document discusses the use of digital media and technology in language learning. It covers several key points:
1) The author analyzes Bernd Ruschoff's theory that digital media can help create meaningful and authentic learning experiences by allowing students to negotiate output and collaborate.
2) Web 2.0 platforms empower students to both learn and produce content, acting as "digital natives". This generation influences incorporating digital media into curricula.
3) Authentic learning requires not just exposure to real language, but tasks students relate to. Digital media allows sharing output and getting feedback to support learning.
4) Technology is now normalized in life and education. It changes how we learn and teach but
Online learning from a specialized distance education paradigm to a ubiquitou...James Cook University
Anderson, N., & Hajhashemi, K. (2013). Online Learning: From a specialized distance education paradigm to a ubiquitous element of contemporary education. IEEE, 2(13), 91-94.
Abstract: This paper provides a literature overview of the increasing importance of online learning across all modes of instruction, whether they take place in higher education, school-based or informal education. It then moves to discussing the current situation regarding the Australian university sector and then provides an example of the same subject offered in a School of Education across four different modes – two being face to face and two by distance. The modes are reviewed to examine the use of online learning with the common subject and assessment being the control.
Thinking Outside the Binder: Online Portfolios for Professional Reviewbarritt
The document discusses using online portfolios for professional review and development. It argues that online portfolios can help cultivate technological literacy and expose students to new tools for classroom use. It also discusses how online portfolios support the development of "multiliteracies" by allowing students to negotiate diverse discourses. Features of online portfolios mentioned include documentation of student work through blogs, videos, and other media; tagging to indicate interrelationships; and options for public, private, or password-protected sharing. Overall, the document presents online portfolios as having advantages over physical binders by preserving artifacts digitally and improving accessibility, portability, and opportunities for engagement through social media.
This document provides summaries of 10 articles on changes to literacy teaching and learning with the rise of new technologies. Traditionally, literacy was taught through explicit skills-based approaches using printed texts, but digital technologies have expanded the definition of "text" and transformed literacy practices. Teachers now need pedagogies of multiliteracies that embed new technologies and allow students to make meaning across different modes of communication. Frameworks like multiliteracies pedagogy can guide teachers in developing students' cognitive and social literacy skills for a globalized, digital world.
The one-day symposium at Yale University focused on the Shared Course Initiative (SCI) in distance education. It included several presentations on topics related to online and distance language education, such as the benefits of open educational resources, designing effective MOOCs, developing digital literacy skills, and Yale's pathways for online education. Presenters were from universities such as Yale, University of Texas, Open University, Columbia, and UC Berkeley. The event was funded by the Mellon Foundation and organized by Yale's Center for Language Study.
Management of distance learning programmes for effective achievement of objec...Alexander Decker
This document discusses distance learning programs in Nigeria and how to effectively manage them. It begins by stating that no country can adequately meet increasing educational demands through conventional systems alone, and that distance education can help accelerate human resource development. It then discusses key concepts around distance education, including definitions, its role in Nigeria's National Policy on Education, and characteristics outlined by Keegan. The document emphasizes that distance education can increase access to education and help address gaps between supply and demand for skilled workers in Nigeria's economy. It argues that effective management of distance learning programs, including course development, student support services, and educators' roles, is needed to achieve desired results.
Towards a model for m-learning in Africa.webdesignjhb9
Mobile learning (m-learning) extends e-learning by making learning available anywhere through mobile devices. M-learning enhances learning by optimizing interaction between students, teachers, and communities. It provides learning opportunities for rural and mobile learners without infrastructure. The document proposes a model for implementing m-learning in developing countries' higher education and shares developments from an m-learning project in Africa.
11.management of distance learning programmes for effective achievement of ob...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a journal article about managing distance learning programs in Nigeria to effectively achieve objectives. It discusses:
1) The concept of distance education and its role in Nigeria's National Policy on Education.
2) Key areas that must be managed in any distance education system including course development, student support services, and educators' roles.
3) Ways to improve distance education administration with a focus on course development and production, student support services, and defining educators' roles.
1. The document discusses the evolution of distance learning and e-learning in Hungary from the 1990s to present day. It traces how distance learning progressed from correspondence-based methods to utilizing various media like radio, television, and early internet technologies.
2. It describes how e-learning began as a supplement to traditional education but has increasingly become a popular approach on its own. Blended learning models now combine online and offline elements.
3. The emergence of Web 2.0 allowed for more interactive, user-centered e-learning environments where learners can both consume and produce content. Connectivism is discussed as the learning theory underlying these new digital approaches.
Literacies and multiliteracies i mejía & n.h. paradanubhep1
This document discusses literacy and multiliteracy in education. It begins with two educators, I. Mejía and N.H. Parada, discussing how literacy has evolved beyond simply reading and writing to include multimodal tools and technologies. They note that while technologies can enhance learning, many schools still lack adequate internet access. The discussion emphasizes that literacy must adapt to changing technologies and include multimodal texts. Effective teachers integrate literacy skills while using technology as a tool for mediation, not replacement, to improve student motivation and communication competencies. Overall, the document argues that both traditional and new forms of literacy are important, and teachers must continue advancing their knowledge to integrate literacy and technology in their classrooms.
The document discusses the importance of incorporating information and communication technology (ICT) into early childhood literacy education. It provides several arguments in favor of this approach, including that ICT skills are necessary for students' future careers and lives, and that introducing technology early can help close gaps for students without access to it at home. However, it also notes there are some arguments against overly emphasizing technology and reducing focus on traditional literacy skills. Overall, the document examines perspectives on both sides of how to best structure literacy education for young students in the modern, technology-centered world.
The document defines distance education according to Desmond Keegan's five defining criteria: 1) separation of teacher and learner, 2) influence of an educational organization, 3) use of technical media, 4) two-way communication, and 5) separation of learning groups. It discusses revisions to the criteria by other scholars and how advances in technology have impacted distance education. The document also differentiates several related concepts like correspondence education, home study, external studies, and open/flexible/distributed/online/eLearning/mLearning/blended learning.
The document discusses four types of interactions that can occur in distance education: learner-content, learner-learner, learner-instructor, and learner-interface. Learner-content interaction involves how students engage with course material. Continuous interaction with clear and consistent content design can enhance learning. Learner-learner interaction is impacted by the lack of physical interaction online; collaborative learning and peer feedback are important. Learner-instructor interaction helps clarify material and is a strong predictor of perceived learning. Learner-interface interaction depends on students' computer experience, views of the technology used, and technology access.
This document contains an assignment prompt for a student asking them to reflect on what they learned about literacies in the 21st century, how their views on technology in teaching have changed, and their ICT experience. It provides the student ID and date. The prompt contains 3 questions for the student to answer in their response.
Student as producer and open educational resources: enhancing learning throug...Sue Watling
Student as producer and open educational resources: enhancing learning through digital scholarship in Effective Learning in Social Science (ELiSS), 4 (3).2012
An Overview of Criteria for Selecting an LMS.docx.David Brooks
Paper presented at Second Canadian International Conference on Advances in Education,Teaching & Technology 2017, 29-31 July, 2017, Toronto, Canada
This letter is to inform you that the scientific committee has selected your abstract for oral presentation in the Second Canadian International Conference on Advances in Education,Teaching & Technology 2017 (EduTeach2017) which will be held on 29-31 July 2017, at the International Living & Learning Center, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada.
This document provides a summary of annotated references related to literacy education. It discusses several sources that explore the concept of multiliteracies and how pedagogical approaches need to adapt to support learners in developing multiliteracy skills. Some key points discussed include the need for teachers to go beyond just content delivery and develop pedagogies that address the four components of productive pedagogies and the four resource model. The use of Web 2.0 tools in the classroom to develop critical thinking skills is also mentioned. Overall, the summary examines how literacy is evolving with new technologies and the implications this has for both teachers and students.
The four resources model by Luke and Freebody (1999) includes:
i. Breaking the code of texts (code breaker);
ii. Participating in the meanings of text (meaning maker or text participant);
iii. Using texts functionally (text user); and
iv. Critically analysing and transforming texts (text analyst or text critic).
Based on the four resources model by Luke and Freebody, (1999), I would conclude by saying that whenever a teacher is engaging his/her students in a reading activity or other literacy activities, the teacher must ask himself certain questions. These are but a few of them:
i. Am I using a range of texts or sources in my classroom?
ii. Am I imposing the meaning of the text on the students or allowing them to come out with their own interpretations?
iii. Are the students allowed time to analyse everyday texts?
iv. Do I use a context in my teaching that is actually relevant to the needs of my students today?
v. Am I providing support to ensure that students engage with all the four resources model?
Sara Rogers has over 3 years of experience in journalism, including reporting for The Daily Mississippian newspaper and Newswatch99 television station. She has interned at WGNO sports reporting and assisted in writing scripts and editing film. Her skills include fluency in Spanish, AP writing style, and proficiency in Adobe and Microsoft programs. Rogers has maintained high academic honors throughout her education at the University of Mississippi where she earned a BA in journalism with an emphasis in broadcast.
This document provides a link to a homework tips website. The website, homework-tips.com, contains information that may help with the course AC 505. The copyright at the bottom indicates the content is owned by the website and is not to be redistributed without permission.
Dokumen ini memberikan ringkasan tentang Dokumen Standard Prestasi (DSP) mata pelajaran Bahasa Malaysia untuk Tahun Dua di sekolah rendah. Dokumen ini menjelaskan kerangka standard prestasi, matlamat kurikulum, objektif, band pencapaian, deskriptor dan contoh bukti pencapaian murid.
El calcio es fundamental para la construcción y mantenimiento de los huesos y dientes, así como para la transmisión nerviosa y regulación cardíaca. Las deficiencias de calcio pueden causar osteomalacia y son un factor de riesgo para el cáncer de colon e hipertensión. El fósforo forma parte de moléculas importantes y procesos de fosforilación, y las deficiencias pueden causar alteraciones neurales, musculares, esqueléticas y hematológicas. Tanto el calcio como el fósforo son necesarios en diferentes
Há dois lobos lutando no coração humano: o amor e o ódio. Venceremos aquele que alimentarmos mais, pois a vitória mais difícil é sobre nós mesmos e nossos desejos.
Este documento presenta información sobre el uso de matemáticas en educación física. Explica conceptos clave como ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado, métodos para resolver sistemas de ecuaciones lineales con dos incógnitas, y tipos de ecuaciones. Además, incluye ejemplos para ilustrar cada tema y ejercicios resueltos al final.
El documento describe 5 principios básicos del networking y el uso de las redes sociales: ayudar a otros, mantener una presencia constante, socializar con la comunidad, compartir conocimiento de forma abierta, y crear contenido valioso.
The document summarizes information about MEZ-BEAM CLAMPS, which are used to fasten pipes, ducts, and other suspensions to steel beams. The clamps are made of malleable cast iron, electrogalvanized for corrosion protection. They feature a hexagon bolt and locking nut that allow for quick height adjustment of the threaded rod inserted in the clearance hole. Various models are listed with their dimensions, load ratings, approvals, and packaging details. Beam clamps can be secured further using optional security plates to prevent lateral sliding as required by some guidelines.
The document outlines an activity where participants will:
1. Storyboard and share their personal experiences and emotions from key moments in their journey.
2. Reflect on how their experiences compare to others in their group and region.
3. Discuss who they are now, who they want to become, and how to leverage their strengths to achieve their goals.
The document discusses an accounting course final exam at Michigan State University. It provides a link to a website with homework tips and resources for ACC 202 final exam preparation at MSU. The website claims all rights reserved for its content in 2016.
Rock and roll originated in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s, combining genres like gospel, jazz, boogie woogie and blues. The electric guitar became the primary instrument associated with rock music. The 1960s saw rock music diversify into genres like folk rock and country rock, spreading worldwide in popularity. Iconic rock bands like Queen revolutionized music videos with creative productions like Bohemian Rhapsody. Artists such as David Bowie, Elvis, and Mick Jagger further popularized rock music globally over subsequent decades.
An Exploratory Investigation Of Online Forum Mediated Collaborative Learning ...Jennifer Daniel
This document discusses using online forums to supplement classroom learning of speech writing. It begins by introducing how technology has changed education and the rise of online learning. It then discusses collaborative learning and how web 2.0 tools like forums can support this. Specifically, it examines using the online learning management system Nalanda to give students additional practice writing speeches through group discussions on forums. The study aims to see if this improves students' speech writing and organization abilities. It grounds this approach in Vygotsky's socio-cultural learning theory which emphasizes collaborative and social aspects of learning. The document then describes how forums were integrated into an effective public speaking course, with students discussing speech writing tasks in groups. The researcher observed this process to evaluate if
Abeer Thunayan Al Aradah
Abstract: It is vital to comprehend blended learning, also referred to as hybrid learning, because it is a format now
applied more frequently than ever in virtual classrooms, whether teachers are working as freelance online teachers
or teaching English online with established tutoring companies. The technological developments have allowed for
blended learning and teaching processes in education institutions among learners successfully. Teaching the
English language needs the right processes that would enable learners to effectively capture specific concepts and
ideas in English. This work explores the importance of hybrid teaching methods among English learners by
analyzing blended and hybrid learning and teaching processes. Hybrid coaching approaches are seen as blended
teaching that combines online experiences and one-on-one interaction during the education processes. Over the
years, various foreign language programs have been designed via online classrooms due to the dependence of
online support and educator preparation through substantial studies. Thus, hybrid learning approaches need
proper research and planning to be useful and effective for learners, particularly in learning English. They entail
the development processes of connected communication skills via the support and preparations of educators based
on literature studies. The teaching of the English language among learners is based on language program
directors, literature studies, and professional development in particular contexts as provided. The study examines
the processes and significance of hybrid teaching and learning approaches that allow professional development in
teaching and learning English language among learners. The objective of this work is to motivate foreign language
educators at schools to implement hybrid learning and teaching approaches in their classes to improve student
involvement with English as a foreign language and offer more prospects to practice English outside the
classrooms. I started by describing blended or hybrid learning and some of its strengths, differentiating this mixed
approach from the flipped classrooms.
Keywords: blended learning, virtual classrooms, blended teaching, hybrid learning, learning English.
ENHANCING ENGLISH WRITING SKILLS THROUGH INTERNET-PLUS TOOLS IN THE PERSPECTI...ijfcstjournal
This investigation delves into incorporating a hybridized memetic strategy within the framework of English
composition pedagogy, leveraging Internet Plus resources. The study aims to provide an in-depth analysis
of how this method influences students’ writing competence, their perceptions of writing, and their
enthusiasm for English acquisition. Employing an explanatory research design that combines qualitative
and quantitative methods, the study collects data through surveys, interviews, and observations of students’
writing performance before and after the intervention. Findings demonstrate a beneficial impact of
integrating the memetic approach alongside Internet Plus tools on the writing aptitude of English as a
Foreign Language (EFL) learners. Students reported increased engagement with writing, attributing it to
the use of Internet plus tools. They also expressed that the memetic approach facilitated a deeper
understanding of cultural and social contexts in writing. Furthermore, the findings highlight a significant
improvement in students’ writing skills following the intervention. This study provides significant insights
into the practical implementation of the memetic approach within English writing education, highlighting
the beneficial contribution of Internet Plus tools in enriching students' learning journeys.
This document discusses the advantages and disadvantages of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) in English teaching. It outlines several key advantages of CAI, including that it can optimize classroom structure, is convenient for interactive learning, and allows for online sharing of teaching resources. However, it also notes some disadvantages, such as CAI sometimes being overused as a stimulus tool, emphasizing the computer over the student, and not addressing students' specific learning difficulties. Overall, the document examines how CAI can both improve and pose challenges to English education.
Intercultural Approach To Taskbased Colloboration 11thDavid Brooks
Overcoming personal and cultural barriers to producing language for students in monolingual educational environments is a major challenge. This session introduces a broad outline for setting up an intercultural approach to task-based, performance-focused learning. Design of performance tasks and ways to enhance them through student collaboration is the main focus.
This project aims to help students to improve their writing skill through the use of the internet. EFL teachers will be able to use this project guidelines in order to get the best they can from their students.
This study investigated the communicative competence of 28 English as a second language (ESL) students in grades 2-5 from 6 elementary schools in Singapore when using an electronic discussion board. Students participated in 3 online discussion activities in small groups. Their messages were analyzed using 19 competence indicators across 4 areas. The researchers found that the discussion board provided equal opportunities for students to participate actively and use different language styles appropriately based on audience and purpose. It helped students achieve goals of social interaction, personal expression, and using varied English registers. The study provides implications for ESL teachers to effectively incorporate online discussion boards to improve students' written communication skills.
The document discusses several articles related to multiliteracies pedagogy in middle school classrooms. It addresses the need for teachers to understand students' diverse backgrounds and prior experiences with digital technologies to better support their literacy development. The articles suggest educators implement authentic literacy projects, incorporate multimodal texts, and use comprehension strategies to help students learn in today's multimedia environments.
This document provides an overview of a research proposal examining the successful implementation of a blended learning environment. The proposal discusses:
1) The shift to more flexible learning environments that integrate online and face-to-face learning through a learning management system.
2) Research questions that will examine the benefits of blended learning, elements of a thriving blended classroom, pedagogical considerations, and ensuring successful implementation of a new LMS.
3) A review of literature on topics like partnerships between home, school and community; the effectiveness of online versus blended learning; implementing constructivist pedagogy with technology; and critical factors for computer-mediated collaboration and LMS implementation.
The document summarizes the goals and strategies of an English teacher at Javiera Londoño High School in Medellín, Colombia. The teacher aims to promote meaningful learning through project work and integrating the four language skills. Some challenges include lack of student motivation and outdated technology. The teacher plans to create an English club, emphasize English in class, and implement metacognitive experiences to help students monitor their own learning. Strategies from authors like Kamaravadivelu on task-based instruction and macrostrategies will be applied.
The document discusses a research article that analyzed interactive patterns in an English audio-video speaking class using a computer-assisted language learning (CALL) environment. The research aimed to improve students' communication skills through increased interactive activities like pairwork dialogues and small group discussions. Questionnaires and exams were used to evaluate the effects of this approach in helping students improve their spoken English proficiency. The results showed that CALL environments and small group interactive activities better facilitated students' language learning and communicative abilities.
This document discusses several key considerations for developing effective global e-learning programs, including cultural factors, technology access, and pedagogical approaches. It highlights how cultural beliefs about teaching and learning can impact program delivery. Local tutors are seen as important for making resources culturally relevant and pedagogically adapted. Partnerships with local institutions can help with cultural adaptation of content and ensuring relevance for different student audiences.
Modern Educational Technologies in Teaching a Foreign Languageijtsrd
modern educational technology, which is used to form elementary school students’ ability to communicate in another language, is the most productive in the process of creating an educational environment that provides human centered interaction for all participants in the educational process. Odina Bakhridinova Khusnidin Qizi | Gulmira Juraboyeva Sherali Qizi "Modern Educational Technologies in Teaching a Foreign Language" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42477.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comhumanities-and-the-arts/education/42477/modern-educational-technologies-in-teaching-a-foreign-language/odina-bakhridinova-khusnidin-qizi
This document provides an overview of Costa Rica's new English curriculum and the action-oriented teaching approach it promotes. Key points include:
- The new curriculum aims to develop 21st century skills in learners and better prepare them for a globalized world through an emphasis on project-based learning tasks.
- Learners are envisioned as "new citizens" who can communicate effectively across cultures, solve problems collaboratively, and take action on sustainability issues.
- Teaching practices are influenced by socio-constructivist, holistic, and critical pedagogical approaches with a focus on learner autonomy and scaffolding.
- The Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) provides standardized descriptors to track
A case study for the integration of technology into required english at at J...David Brooks
This document outlines David L. Brooks' presentation at the E-Learn 2015 conference on integrating technology into English as a foreign language (EFL) instruction at a Japanese university. Brooks discusses using an intercultural task-based approach, where students complete collaborative performance tasks. He advocates for "metacognitive inculturalization" to help students adapt to the EFL classroom culture. Examples of tasks discussed include role-plays, debates, and creating video programs. Brooks also provides examples of how he instructs students on a topic speech project, including setting goals, the writing process, and assessment criteria.
This document discusses integrated teaching methods for early childhood English language learners. It defines integrated teaching as incorporating subjects within each other and connecting to students' lives. The document reviews how integrated methods like project-based learning can provide inquiry-based exploration. While research finds benefits to integration, it also notes English language learners may not benefit as much as native English speakers and teachers need better training to meet their needs. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of preparing teachers for integrated instruction of diverse students.
Chapter2 : TOWARD A THEORY OF ONLINE LEARNINGtiekatiki
The document discusses attributes of online learning including learner-centered, knowledge-centered, community-centered, and assessment-centered approaches. It defines six forms of interaction that are important for engaging learners and teachers: student-student, student-teacher, student-content, teacher-teacher, teacher-content, and content-content. These interactions allow for learner control, program adaptation, participation and communication, and aid meaningful learning.
Concepts and Theories of School-Based English Language Teaching.pptxestilestari38
This document discusses the key concepts and theories that have influenced the development of school-based English language teaching. It describes how the behaviorist theory led to drill and practice methods, while the cognitive theory emphasized internal mental processes and developed more interactive approaches like communicative language teaching. The constructivist theory encouraged learner-centered approaches like task-based learning by having students construct their own understanding. The sociocultural theory developed more socioculturally responsive methods such as content and language integrated learning. Technological advancements also contributed to blended learning and online language learning approaches. The concepts and theories underlying English language teaching have evolved significantly over time.
Ace Intercultural Dimensions Of Task Based Learning For Authentic CommunicationDavid Brooks
Rationale Part I: A paper presented at ACE 2009, the inaugural conference of the Asian Conference on Education in Osaka (Ramada Hotel), Oct 24-25, 2009 by David L. Brooks, Associate Professor, English (Foreign Language Dept), Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
A Novel Method for Prevention of Bandwidth Distributed Denial of Service AttacksIJERD Editor
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks became a massive threat to the Internet. Traditional
Architecture of internet is vulnerable to the attacks like DDoS. Attacker primarily acquire his army of Zombies,
then that army will be instructed by the Attacker that when to start an attack and on whom the attack should be
done. In this paper, different techniques which are used to perform DDoS Attacks, Tools that were used to
perform Attacks and Countermeasures in order to detect the attackers and eliminate the Bandwidth Distributed
Denial of Service attacks (B-DDoS) are reviewed. DDoS Attacks were done by using various Flooding
techniques which are used in DDoS attack.
The main purpose of this paper is to design an architecture which can reduce the Bandwidth
Distributed Denial of service Attack and make the victim site or server available for the normal users by
eliminating the zombie machines. Our Primary focus of this paper is to dispute how normal machines are
turning into zombies (Bots), how attack is been initiated, DDoS attack procedure and how an organization can
save their server from being a DDoS victim. In order to present this we implemented a simulated environment
with Cisco switches, Routers, Firewall, some virtual machines and some Attack tools to display a real DDoS
attack. By using Time scheduling, Resource Limiting, System log, Access Control List and some Modular
policy Framework we stopped the attack and identified the Attacker (Bot) machines
Hearing loss is one of the most common human impairments. It is estimated that by year 2015 more
than 700 million people will suffer mild deafness. Most can be helped by hearing aid devices depending on the
severity of their hearing loss. This paper describes the implementation and characterization details of a dual
channel transmitter front end (TFE) for digital hearing aid (DHA) applications that use novel micro
electromechanical- systems (MEMS) audio transducers and ultra-low power-scalable analog-to-digital
converters (ADCs), which enable a very-low form factor, energy-efficient implementation for next-generation
DHA. The contribution of the design is the implementation of the dual channel MEMS microphones and powerscalable
ADC system.
Influence of tensile behaviour of slab on the structural Behaviour of shear c...IJERD Editor
-A composite beam is composed of a steel beam and a slab connected by means of shear connectors
like studs installed on the top flange of the steel beam to form a structure behaving monolithically. This study
analyzes the effects of the tensile behavior of the slab on the structural behavior of the shear connection like slip
stiffness and maximum shear force in composite beams subjected to hogging moment. The results show that the
shear studs located in the crack-concentration zones due to large hogging moments sustain significantly smaller
shear force and slip stiffness than the other zones. Moreover, the reduction of the slip stiffness in the shear
connection appears also to be closely related to the change in the tensile strain of rebar according to the increase
of the load. Further experimental and analytical studies shall be conducted considering variables such as the
reinforcement ratio and the arrangement of shear connectors to achieve efficient design of the shear connection
in composite beams subjected to hogging moment.
Gold prospecting using Remote Sensing ‘A case study of Sudan’IJERD Editor
Gold has been extracted from northeast Africa for more than 5000 years, and this may be the first
place where the metal was extracted. The Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) is an exposure of Precambrian
crystalline rocks on the flanks of the Red Sea. The crystalline rocks are mostly Neoproterozoic in age. ANS
includes the nations of Israel, Jordan. Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Yemen, and Somalia.
Arabian Nubian Shield Consists of juvenile continental crest that formed between 900 550 Ma, when intra
oceanic arc welded together along ophiolite decorated arc. Primary Au mineralization probably developed in
association with the growth of intra oceanic arc and evolution of back arc. Multiple episodes of deformation
have obscured the primary metallogenic setting, but at least some of the deposits preserve evidence that they
originate as sea floor massive sulphide deposits.
The Red Sea Hills Region is a vast span of rugged, harsh and inhospitable sector of the Earth with
inimical moon-like terrain, nevertheless since ancient times it is famed to be an abode of gold and was a major
source of wealth for the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt. The Pharaohs old workings have been periodically
rediscovered through time. Recent endeavours by the Geological Research Authority of Sudan led to the
discovery of a score of occurrences with gold and massive sulphide mineralizations. In the nineties of the
previous century the Geological Research Authority of Sudan (GRAS) in cooperation with BRGM utilized
satellite data of Landsat TM using spectral ratio technique to map possible mineralized zones in the Red Sea
Hills of Sudan. The outcome of the study mapped a gossan type gold mineralization. Band ratio technique was
applied to Arbaat area and a signature of alteration zone was detected. The alteration zones are commonly
associated with mineralization. The alteration zones are commonly associated with mineralization. A filed check
confirmed the existence of stock work of gold bearing quartz in the alteration zone. Another type of gold
mineralization that was discovered using remote sensing is the gold associated with metachert in the Atmur
Desert.
Reducing Corrosion Rate by Welding DesignIJERD Editor
This document summarizes a study on reducing corrosion rates in steel through welding design. The researchers tested different welding groove designs (X, V, 1/2X, 1/2V) and preheating temperatures (400°C, 500°C, 600°C) on ferritic malleable iron samples. Testing found that X and V groove designs with 500°C and 600°C preheating had corrosion rates of 0.5-0.69% weight loss after 14 days, compared to 0.57-0.76% for 400°C preheating. Higher preheating reduced residual stresses which decreased corrosion. Residual stresses were 1.7 MPa for optimal X groove and 600°C
Router 1X3 – RTL Design and VerificationIJERD Editor
Routing is the process of moving a packet of data from source to destination and enables messages
to pass from one computer to another and eventually reach the target machine. A router is a networking device
that forwards data packets between computer networks. It is connected to two or more data lines from different
networks (as opposed to a network switch, which connects data lines from one single network). This paper,
mainly emphasizes upon the study of router device, it‟s top level architecture, and how various sub-modules of
router i.e. Register, FIFO, FSM and Synchronizer are synthesized, and simulated and finally connected to its top
module.
Active Power Exchange in Distributed Power-Flow Controller (DPFC) At Third Ha...IJERD Editor
This paper presents a component within the flexible ac-transmission system (FACTS) family, called
distributed power-flow controller (DPFC). The DPFC is derived from the unified power-flow controller (UPFC)
with an eliminated common dc link. The DPFC has the same control capabilities as the UPFC, which comprise
the adjustment of the line impedance, the transmission angle, and the bus voltage. The active power exchange
between the shunt and series converters, which is through the common dc link in the UPFC, is now through the
transmission lines at the third-harmonic frequency. DPFC multiple small-size single-phase converters which
reduces the cost of equipment, no voltage isolation between phases, increases redundancy and there by
reliability increases. The principle and analysis of the DPFC are presented in this paper and the corresponding
simulation results that are carried out on a scaled prototype are also shown.
Mitigation of Voltage Sag/Swell with Fuzzy Control Reduced Rating DVRIJERD Editor
Power quality has been an issue that is becoming increasingly pivotal in industrial electricity
consumers point of view in recent times. Modern industries employ Sensitive power electronic equipments,
control devices and non-linear loads as part of automated processes to increase energy efficiency and
productivity. Voltage disturbances are the most common power quality problem due to this the use of a large
numbers of sophisticated and sensitive electronic equipment in industrial systems is increased. This paper
discusses the design and simulation of dynamic voltage restorer for improvement of power quality and
reduce the harmonics distortion of sensitive loads. Power quality problem is occurring at non-standard
voltage, current and frequency. Electronic devices are very sensitive loads. In power system voltage sag,
swell, flicker and harmonics are some of the problem to the sensitive load. The compensation capability
of a DVR depends primarily on the maximum voltage injection ability and the amount of stored
energy available within the restorer. This device is connected in series with the distribution feeder at
medium voltage. A fuzzy logic control is used to produce the gate pulses for control circuit of DVR and the
circuit is simulated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Study on the Fused Deposition Modelling In Additive ManufacturingIJERD Editor
Additive manufacturing process, also popularly known as 3-D printing, is a process where a product
is created in a succession of layers. It is based on a novel materials incremental manufacturing philosophy.
Unlike conventional manufacturing processes where material is removed from a given work price to derive the
final shape of a product, 3-D printing develops the product from scratch thus obviating the necessity to cut away
materials. This prevents wastage of raw materials. Commonly used raw materials for the process are ABS
plastic, PLA and nylon. Recently the use of gold, bronze and wood has also been implemented. The complexity
factor of this process is 0% as in any object of any shape and size can be manufactured.
Spyware triggering system by particular string valueIJERD Editor
This computer programme can be used for good and bad purpose in hacking or in any general
purpose. We can say it is next step for hacking techniques such as keylogger and spyware. Once in this system if
user or hacker store particular string as a input after that software continually compare typing activity of user
with that stored string and if it is match then launch spyware programme.
A Blind Steganalysis on JPEG Gray Level Image Based on Statistical Features a...IJERD Editor
This paper presents a blind steganalysis technique to effectively attack the JPEG steganographic
schemes i.e. Jsteg, F5, Outguess and DWT Based. The proposed method exploits the correlations between
block-DCTcoefficients from intra-block and inter-block relation and the statistical moments of characteristic
functions of the test image is selected as features. The features are extracted from the BDCT JPEG 2-array.
Support Vector Machine with cross-validation is implemented for the classification.The proposed scheme gives
improved outcome in attacking.
Secure Image Transmission for Cloud Storage System Using Hybrid SchemeIJERD Editor
- Data over the cloud is transferred or transmitted between servers and users. Privacy of that
data is very important as it belongs to personal information. If data get hacked by the hacker, can be
used to defame a person’s social data. Sometimes delay are held during data transmission. i.e. Mobile
communication, bandwidth is low. Hence compression algorithms are proposed for fast and efficient
transmission, encryption is used for security purposes and blurring is used by providing additional
layers of security. These algorithms are hybridized for having a robust and efficient security and
transmission over cloud storage system.
Application of Buckley-Leverett Equation in Modeling the Radius of Invasion i...IJERD Editor
A thorough review of existing literature indicates that the Buckley-Leverett equation only analyzes
waterflood practices directly without any adjustments on real reservoir scenarios. By doing so, quite a number
of errors are introduced into these analyses. Also, for most waterflood scenarios, a radial investigation is more
appropriate than a simplified linear system. This study investigates the adoption of the Buckley-Leverett
equation to estimate the radius invasion of the displacing fluid during waterflooding. The model is also adopted
for a Microbial flood and a comparative analysis is conducted for both waterflooding and microbial flooding.
Results shown from the analysis doesn’t only records a success in determining the radial distance of the leading
edge of water during the flooding process, but also gives a clearer understanding of the applicability of
microbes to enhance oil production through in-situ production of bio-products like bio surfactans, biogenic
gases, bio acids etc.
Gesture Gaming on the World Wide Web Using an Ordinary Web CameraIJERD Editor
- Gesture gaming is a method by which users having a laptop/pc/x-box play games using natural or
bodily gestures. This paper presents a way of playing free flash games on the internet using an ordinary webcam
with the help of open source technologies. Emphasis in human activity recognition is given on the pose
estimation and the consistency in the pose of the player. These are estimated with the help of an ordinary web
camera having different resolutions from VGA to 20mps. Our work involved giving a 10 second documentary to
the user on how to play a particular game using gestures and what are the various kinds of gestures that can be
performed in front of the system. The initial inputs of the RGB values for the gesture component is obtained by
instructing the user to place his component in a red box in about 10 seconds after the short documentary before
the game is finished. Later the system opens the concerned game on the internet on popular flash game sites like
miniclip, games arcade, GameStop etc and loads the game clicking at various places and brings the state to a
place where the user is to perform only gestures to start playing the game. At any point of time the user can call
off the game by hitting the esc key and the program will release all of the controls and return to the desktop. It
was noted that the results obtained using an ordinary webcam matched that of the Kinect and the users could
relive the gaming experience of the free flash games on the net. Therefore effective in game advertising could
also be achieved thus resulting in a disruptive growth to the advertising firms.
Hardware Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Isolated Circuits And...IJERD Editor
-LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region[5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits.
Simulated Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Different Tank Circu...IJERD Editor
LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region [5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits. The supported simulation
is done through PSIM 6.0 software tool
Amateurs Radio operator, also known as HAM communicates with other HAMs through Radio
waves. Wireless communication in which Moon is used as natural satellite is called Moon-bounce or EME
(Earth -Moon-Earth) technique. Long distance communication (DXing) using Very High Frequency (VHF)
operated amateur HAM radio was difficult. Even with the modest setup having good transceiver, power
amplifier and high gain antenna with high directivity, VHF DXing is possible. Generally 2X11 YAGI antenna
along with rotor to set horizontal and vertical angle is used. Moon tracking software gives exact location,
visibility of Moon at both the stations and other vital data to acquire real time position of moon.
“MS-Extractor: An Innovative Approach to Extract Microsatellites on „Y‟ Chrom...IJERD Editor
Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR), also known as Microsatellites, have been extensively used as
molecular markers due to their abundance and high degree of polymorphism. The nucleotide sequences of
polymorphic forms of the same gene should be 99.9% identical. So, Microsatellites extraction from the Gene is
crucial. However, Microsatellites repeat count is compared, if they differ largely, he has some disorder. The Y
chromosome likely contains 50 to 60 genes that provide instructions for making proteins. Because only males
have the Y chromosome, the genes on this chromosome tend to be involved in male sex determination and
development. Several Microsatellite Extractors exist and they fail to extract microsatellites on large data sets of
giga bytes and tera bytes in size. The proposed tool “MS-Extractor: An Innovative Approach to extract
Microsatellites on „Y‟ Chromosome” can extract both Perfect as well as Imperfect Microsatellites from large
data sets of human genome „Y‟. The proposed system uses string matching with sliding window approach to
locate Microsatellites and extracts them.
Importance of Measurements in Smart GridIJERD Editor
- The need to get reliable supply, independence from fossil fuels, and capability to provide clean
energy at a fixed and lower cost, the existing power grid structure is transforming into Smart Grid. The
development of a smart energy distribution grid is a current goal of many nations. A Smart Grid should have
new capabilities such as self-healing, high reliability, energy management, and real-time pricing. This new era
of smart future grid will lead to major changes in existing technologies at generation, transmission and
distribution levels. The incorporation of renewable energy resources and distribution generators in the existing
grid will increase the complexity, optimization problems and instability of the system. This will lead to a
paradigm shift in the instrumentation and control requirements for Smart Grids for high quality, stable and
reliable electricity supply of power. The monitoring of the grid system state and stability relies on the
availability of reliable measurement of data. In this paper the measurement areas that highlight new
measurement challenges, development of the Smart Meters and the critical parameters of electric energy to be
monitored for improving the reliability of power systems has been discussed.
Study of Macro level Properties of SCC using GGBS and Lime stone powderIJERD Editor
The document summarizes a study on the use of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and limestone powder to replace cement in self-compacting concrete (SCC). Tests were conducted on SCC mixes with 0-50% replacement of cement with GGBS and 0-20% replacement with limestone powder. The results showed that replacing 30% of cement with GGBS and 15% with limestone powder produced SCC with the highest compressive strength of 46MPa, meeting fresh property requirements. The study concluded that this ternary blend of cement, GGBS and limestone powder can improve SCC properties while reducing costs.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
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BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
D07012529
1. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
e-ISSN: 2278-067X, p-ISSN: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com
Volume 7, Issue 1 (May 2013), PP. 25-29
25
College English Teaching and Learning through Online
Learning Community: Principles and Practices
WEI Li
Liaoning Police Academy, Dalian, China
Abstract:- Intersexuality, as the philosophical foundation of college English teaching and learning
under the network environment, facilitates integration of educational technology and foreign language
teaching. On the basis of this philosophical idea, the author advances three principles to follow in
college English teaching and learning through online learning community: mutual respect and equal
dialogue for every community member, all-round interaction and collaboration, intercultural teaching
approach. The principle of all-round interaction pattern is illustrated from three perspectives in detail.
In the process of college English teaching and learning, learning assistants and other student members
perform these three principles actively and effectively. Great benefits have been obtained by every
community member through online teaching and learning practice in such aspects as the renewal of the
teaching and learning concept, the diversity of teaching approaches, innovations of technological
application, and widespread use of multi-sided interaction and community cooperation.
Keywords:- College English teaching, Online Learning Community, Principle, Practice, Intersexuality,
Interculturality.
I. INTRODUCTION
College English teachers have to fully recognize the importance and significance of deepening College
English. As the symbol of modern language teaching, CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning) has led
college English teaching into the new development phase. The recognition that foreign language teaching has
exceptionally close relationship with educational technology application has become a consensus. The renewal
of educational concept interacts with the development of educational technology, taking on the new trend of
integration. [1] In recent years, there has been an apparent education change in our college English teaching
circle. Many a discussion about educational theories of multimedia and multimodal application in English
teaching forcefully prompt the integrated research and exploration in educational technology and English course,
which turns to be the focal point of foreign language research. Online learning community is the integrated
product of information technology and language teaching, and meanwhile, the network platform to realize
seamless language learning mechanism. The article chiefly discusses the principles that the teachers and learners
should follow on network learning, illustrating the author’s personal practice in fulfilling these basic principles
in her online learning community. Through the detailed interpretation of principle and practice we can have a
clear roadmap to pursue the appropriate approach to improve online learning.
II. COLLEGE ENGLISH TEACHING AND LEARNING PRINCIPLES UNDER
GUIDANCE OF INTERSEXUALITY PHILOSOPHY
A. The Theoretical Foundation of College English Teaching and Learning Principles
The theory of intersexuality, deriving from biological research, mainly refers to the relation or
connection in general sense with the research focus on interwoven and interdependent perspective. This
newly-booming philosophical theory opposes the paradigm of the dichotomy of subjectivity and objectivity,
sustaining the coexistence and equality between subjects and objects, and the dynamic process as well
including their dialogues, integration and gradual generation. [2] Intermediality and interculturality, as two
derivatives of this philosophy, represent correlativity among different modern media and dialogical
relationship between two subjects in cultures or their texts. The above-mentioned theories just provide the
foreign language teachers abundant theoretical foundation to conduct multimedia classroom teaching and
seamlessly cross-cultural online teaching and learning. College English teachers can take advantage of
various teaching media to fulfil teaching tasks in each English class, conducting teacher-to-student, student-
to-student, and student-to-media interactions, which is conducive to realize the concept of intermediality
ultimately. In addition, college English teachers also depend on infinite functions of computer and internet,
helping the students to develop their intercultural capabilities through multiple interactions among
2. College English Teaching and Learning through Online...
26
community members from different national, ethnic and cultural backgrounds, promoting cultural
understanding and evoking emotional empathy.
B. The Principle of Mutual Respect and Equal Dialogue for Every Community Member
As a matter of fact, education is not monologue, but dialogue; education isn’t the teacher’s
monodrama, but a living drama played by teacher and all the students; the real education is the dialogue
education. [3] Online learning community, as the counterpart of the actual community, is a brand-new living
and learning space where a group of people with the same aspiration and interest interact with each other and
learn from each other via network communication. [4] As a result, online learning community depending on
the information and network technology can provide an equal interactive platform for teachers and learners
with convenient condition to carry out dialogue instruction. However, we have to bear in mind that all of
these dialogue instructions have to adhere to the principle of mutual respect and equal dialogue among
community members, for it’s the very cornerstone to conduct dialogue education in the real sense.
C. The Principle of All-round Interaction and Collaboration
The real purpose of intersexuality philosophy is to carry out all-round interactions among different
subjects. These interactions not only reflect the subjects’ initiative and creativity in the process of active
interaction, but also emphasize the subjects’ individuality and diversity. Teachers and students should possess
the common grounds of equality, understanding, trusting, empathy, and cooperation to establish the positive
and healthy relationship and create harmonious, friendly, and energetic learning atmosphere. Here, the main
point is to change the teachers’ traditional concept in their manipulating roles in teaching process. They have
to recognize and respect the students’ roles as the same subjects as the teachers, and they also have to explore
and adjust their multiple roles in English teaching, such as directors, learning guides, learning assistants,
learning pals, and encouragers. Today, the open class, the democratic class, the multiple subjects, the
colourful teaching activities have become the fundamental concepts for English teachers to design their
English class. According to the latest research, collegiality (or sharing of power) and team work are two
elements constructing the teachers’ cultural values. In the process of modern teaching, the first task for the
teacher is how to bring his and his students’ subjective roles into full play, how to share voice rights,
knowledge and experience with other learning subjects rather than apply new types of media. The second one
is to confirm the learning values of interaction and collaboration without excluding the possibility of learners’
mastering new knowledge on their own. This is just the good fruit produced from positive interaction which
promotes individual cognition and creative thinking. The principle of interaction reflects not only the
teacher’s education concept and teaching approaches changed with times, but also the students’ learning
concept and strategies adjusted to the modern teaching environment.
D. The Principle of Intercultural Teaching Approach
Under the mega background of world economic globalization, multicultural predominance, linguistic
variety, and cross-cultural communication, the teaching principle of foreign language is bound to reflect the
feature of internalization and multicultural integration. The principle of intercultural teaching approach is the
modern approach adapted to the current situation and the challenge of foreign language teaching. In the
course of college English teaching, this principle should be implemented in the establishment of English
teaching concept and the practice of English teaching class, and meanwhile, English teachers should take
advantage of multimediality and multimodality to promote intercultural communication and mutual
understanding. With the popular use of information technology, teachers and students tend to be influenced
by the world and domestic affairs and cultural clashes, so intercultural knowledge and communication
capabilities become necessarily cultural and linguistic elements to empower the qualities of the college
students. Interculturality is the inborn factor of college English teaching, which represents not only the major
part of the foreign language teaching objectives and curriculum establishment for English teachers, but also
the main section of learning contents and communication patterns for English learners.
III. PRACTICES OF COLLEGE ENGLISH TEACHING AND LEARNING PRINCIPLES
THROUGH ONLINE LEARNING COMMUNITY
A. The Practice of Mutual Respect and Equal Dialogue for Every Community Member
The author and her colleagues established two learning communities: the first one is Online Learning
Assistants Community, and the second one is Growing-up English QQ Group for learning assistants and
students. At present, there are 12 and 92 community members in each of these two communities. The first
virtual learning community offers an interactive platform for learning assistants to fulfil their missions of
academic assistance and emotional support. [5] Its major function is to construct four learning environments
in terms of technology, resources, service and social network. In order to achieve its professionally directing
levels, this online learning assistants’ community should create collaborative cultural atmosphere, enhancing
community members’ artistic appreciation. These learning assistants respect others’ technological advantages,
learning from others’ creative ideas, sharing with others in bountiful resources, and of course, providing an
3. College English Teaching and Learning through Online...
27
educational and interactive platform. Mutual respect is the essence of this community’s existence and
progress, and it is this very quality that contributes to a successful operation of Growing-up learning
community.
Growing-up English QQ Group is the derivative product of the leaning assistants’ community, which
is characteristic of mutual respect and equal dialogue. Today, there are 92 community members taking part in
regular English activities with anonymous English names, like Figure 1 presents us. The usages of
anonymous English names can provide the community members with the sense of equal respect. Every
member can call others English names openly and directly without using such titles as Teacher Wang or Mr.
Sun. Although the group leader (Vicky) adds the title “Assistant” to 7 learning assistants to help students
interact with teachers conveniently, the students can also communicate with them in their anonymous English
names, such as Hi! Vicky! Or could you illustrate your point of view, Loomis? In addition, these anonymous
names can reduce stereotyped impressions, and even some prejudice deriving from students’ former academic
failures. Every community member is equally excellent in the eyes of learning assistants, and they can be
treated and assessed equally and justly.
Fig. 1: 36 community members are taking part in English activities in
Growing-up English QQ Group on April 16, 2013, with two learning assistants and 34 students.
The dialogue between two community members regardless of their positions is open, direct, and equal.
The cooperative dialogue teaching with a wide range of teachers and students participating into activities is
not a temporary teaching aimed at solving one problem, but a whole process throughout online teaching and
learning. The comprehensive design of dialogue teaching, its organization and practice, the students’ initiative
and leaning activity, all of these details will exert decisive influence on an integrated dialogue teaching
process. [6]
B. The Practice of All-round Interaction and Collaboration
Interaction and collaboration is the vital component of modern education concept. In the process of
college English teaching and learning in our online learning community, teachers activate all of interactive
elements including learning subjects, IT technology, multimedia equipment, text resources, data base, and
network platform to take part in teaching activities. The highlight of CALL is multi-sided interactions
without being merely confined into teacher-to-student interaction in the traditional English class. Table 1
presents us the detailed all-round interaction pattern of English teaching and learning through online learning
community. Figures 2, 3, 4 reflect the real records of interactions happened in online learning community.
Table 1: All-round interaction pattern of college English teaching and learning through online community
Interactive subjects Interactive approaches Interactive effects
Teacher-to-IT
technology and
equipment (computer,
Internet, and other
multimedia equipment)
Technological interaction:
mastery of IT technology; usage
of engine exploration; selection
of network materials.
Help teachers explore and find the latest
English news or relevant learning materials
to supplement their teaching plans; to design
and make the appealing multimedia teaching
software.
Teacher-to-student Online instant interaction; off
line delayed interaction; one-to-
one interaction; one-to-group
interaction; professional
interaction; non-professional
interaction.
Help teachers offer timely and detailed
guidance in English learning through online
or offline assistance; to give the student
individualized and professional direction; to
broaden the students’ horizon through non-
professional interaction.
Student-to-resources
(text, data base, video or
audio materials)
Self-study through IT
technology and network
assistance.
Help students obtain information and
knowledge through network; to develop the
skill of self-study and self-improvement.
Student-to-student Group-study through group
members’ assistance and
Help students learn English through
teamwork and group cooperation; to master
4. College English Teaching and Learning through Online...
28
network technological support the skill of group-study.
Fig. 2: Learning assistant Vicky (the group leader) are teaching the text
Some Photos Make History through presenting impressive network photos taken in Vietnam War.
Fig. 3: Learning assistants are sharing the latest news reported by AP,
a massive explosion at a fertilizer plant in West, Texas.
Fig. 4: A student Susan Qi is explaining the differences of each, every,
and either to Duman, a minority student from Xinjiang.
C. The Practice of Intercultural Teaching Approach
The English teacher, functioning as the cultural bridge, has the inescapable duty to transmit the best of
the Eastern and Western cultures. The integration of multicultural education into English class is the best
combination. [7] The author as the English teacher of 5 peoples including the Han nationality (72 percent of
the total students), the Uygur nationality (10 percent), the Mongolian nationality (5 percent), and the Kazak
nationality (3 percent) attaches much importance to intercultural or multicultural educaiton in her English
class. She introduces theoretical foundation as the first English class, putting forward 4 basic principles in
English class to follow: to respect all the students, and every student is encouraged to participate into the class
activities equally; to respect all the students’ languages (though English is the main language in use), and they
can use their native tongues if necessary; to promote multiethnic cultural exchange and understanding through
regular cultural introduction and interaction; to enhance the students’ cross-cultural communication
competence by intentional teaching and training in and after English class. In order to present her students
abundant multicultrual knowledge, she specifically made a lot of cultural ppts entitled The Cultural Journey
Series, Figure 5 and 6 are some of them which display unique charaterisics of minority culture in Xinjiang
and Indian culture in North America.
Fig. 5: Xinjiang cultural ppt: the young people of Kazak nationality are
5. College English Teaching and Learning through Online...
29
performing one of their traditional sports Guniang Zhui (the girls are pursuing the boys).
Fig. 6: American native cultural ppt: an Indian funeral procession to
commemorate an Indian warrior killed in Iraq on January 7, 2006.
IV. CONCLUSIONS
The essence of the reform and improvement of college English teaching lies in English teachers’
reforming awareness and technological levels. Their initiative and potentiality should be activated and brought
into full play. In the preparatory and teaching process, English teachers have to take advantage of multimodal
and multimedia approaches, following the principle of respecting every community member’s creativity and
contribution, advocating group-study and teamwork spirits, and promoting multi-sided interaction and
collaboration to construct harmonious and cooperative English learning cyberspace with the feature of
multicultural education. The theories of intersexuality, multimodality, and interculturality promote and quicken
the new turn of Chinese foreign language reform.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The author wishes to thank the experts and judges of the Education Department of Liaoning Province
for their support of The Foreign Language Reform Project of Liaoning Higher Education Academy of Liaoning
Province (2012) No. WYYB12089: On the Cloud and Mobile Self-study Pattern of Policing English.
REFERENCES
[1]. Guo Wanquan, Yang Yonglin. Foreign Language Teaching Research Review under Virtual
Environment. Journal of Liberation Army’s Foreign Language Institute, 2002 (3).
[2]. Zheng Depin. On Intersexuality and Interculturality. Journal of Guangdong Broadcasting and
Television University, 2008 (4):73.
[3]. WEI Li. Online Learning Community with Open Dialogue Interaction: Strategies and Application.
Journal of Language Teaching and Research, May 2013, Volume 4, Number 3:618-623.
[4]. WEI Li. Learning Assistants’ Functions and Effects: All-round Tutoring in Online Learning
Community. International Journal of Engineering Research And Development, 2013, Volume 6, Issue
7:1-5.
[5]. WEI Li. Learning Assistants’ Functions and Effects: All-round Tutoring in Online Learning
Community. International Journal of Engineering Research And Development, 2013, Volume 6, Issue
7:1-5.
[6]. WEI Li. Online Learning Community with Open Dialogue Interaction: Strategies and Application.
Journal of Language Teaching and Research, May 2013, Volume 4, Number 3:618-623.
[7]. WEI Li. Integration of Multicultural Education into English Teaching and Learning: A Case study in
Liaoning Police Academy. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, April 2013, Number 4:612-619.