d lower equal of A chanser prveein does which thr all of the above io.pdf
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d lower equal of A chanser prveein does which thr all of the above ions the cell. a uses energy to move sodum out ofte cell and potassium inoo energy. ions to move un ions out oree cell and ions into the energy c moves sodum ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell without using ions out of he cell and sodium ions the crll wil s owmasis is the diffusion of water. and other small molecules. is the dinusion of water is the diffusion of water and small ions diffusion, osmosis, facilitated which ef the following simple diffusion, (4) active transport, and vesicle transport. 1,2 and 3 4 and 5 2, 3, 4, and 5 a. are bocha type of vesicle transport. b move very large molecules eiher in orout of the cell c, are both a fome of d. all of the above 8. Which of the following needs energy? (I passive transport, (2) active transport. 3) exocytosis, and (4) a. only 2 only c, 2 and 3 d 2, 3, and 4 Lesson 3.3: Vocabulary Name Class Marck the vocabulary word with the proper ddininion. 1. transport a membrane without any additional energy requirement across 2 the diffusion of water 3, type of vesicle transport that moves a substance into the cell 4, type of vesicle transport that moves a substance out of the cell Solution 3) A channel protein carries proteins and ions across the membrane. 4) sodium potassium pump pumps Na+ out of the cell and K+ inside the cell with using energy. 5) osmosis is diffusion of water and other small molecules 6) Diffusion and osmosis( 1 and 2) 7) Endocytosis and exocytosis are a type of vesicle transport. Endocytosis is engulfment and exocytosis is transporting them out. 8) Active transport needs energy.
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Define passive and active in terms of energy requirement. Describe t.pdf
Define passive and active in terms of energy requirement. Describe the following types of
transport and identify if each type requires energy and in what form. Simple diffusion Facilitated
diffusion Osmosis Primary active transport Secondary active transport
Solution
Active transportneeds energy, and it help to move ions against their concentration gradients. The
concentration of some of the ions is more inside the cell and some is more outside the cell. For
example, the concentration of sodium ions is more outside the cell. Still, the sodium ions move
from the inside of cell to outside through ion channels, by means of active transport.
Passive transport of molecules is independent of energy requirement, and the transport or
diffusion of molecule across the channel is facilitated by the concentration gradient. Means, the
molecules move down their concentration gradients.
1). Simple diffusion:
Simple diffusion is a process of passive transport in which molecules diffuse down their
concentration gradient. Diffusion of molecules mainly depends on the lipid solubility and their
size and polarity. It does not require the carrier molecules as in case of facilitated diffusion.
Small molecules such as water, gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, ions such as hydrogen
ions, etc. can pass through the cell membranes and membranes of cellular organelles by means of
simple diffusion.
2). Facilitated diffusion involves the transport of transport of molecules using the membrane
bound proteins. For example, ion channels allow the transport of ions into and out of the cell,
which are otherwise, cannot pass through cell membrane. Glucose binds to the carrier molecule
present on the cell membrane, and enter into the cell; this process is facilitated by insulin.
3). In the primary active transport, the ATP is directly used for the transport of the molecule. For
example, The Na+/K+ ATPase pump transports sodium and potassium ions against their
concentration gradients. For every three sodium ions pumped out of the cell, two potassium ions
enter into the cell. Thus, the membrane potential is maintained.
4). The secondary active transport is an active transport in which the downhill movement of an
ion (either sodium or hydrogen) is coupled with the uphill movement of another molecule
(against its concentration) by the transporter protein. Thus, the electrochemical gradient of an ion
drives uphill transport of another molecule.
Eg: Glucose absorption along with the sodium is an example of secondary active transport..
1.4 Notes
Guided notes covering material from Topic 1.4 of the updated IB Biology syllabus for 2016 exams. Notes sequence and prompts are based on the Oxford IB Biology textbook by Allott and Mindorff.
1. Compare the 3 ways in which water and smaller solutes can be tran.pdf
1. Compare the 3 ways in which water and smaller solutes can be transported across the cell
membrane. How is this different from bulk transport?
2. Describe how hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions affect water balance in cells.
3. What are the two forces directing movement of ions across a membrane?
4. Explain how an electrochemical gradient can facilitate coupled transport.
5. Explain how large particles and molecules such as proteins and polysaccharides cross the
plasma membrane.
Solution
The three ways in which water and smaller molecules can be transported across the cell
membrane are,
1). Simple diffusion is a process of passive transport in which molecules diffuse down their
concentration gradient. Diffusion of molecules mainly depends on the lipid solubility and their
size and polarity.
Small molecules such as water, gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, ions such as hydrogen
ions, etc. can pass through the cell membranes and membranes of cellular organelles by means of
simple diffusion.
2). Facilitated diffusion: Facilitated diffusion involves the transport of transport of molecules
using the membrane bound proteins. For example, ion channels allow the transport of ions into
and out of the cell, which are otherwise, cannot pass through cell membrane. Glucose binds to
the carrier molecule present on the cell membrane, and enter into the cell; this process is
facilitated by insulin.
3). Active transport: Active transport needs energy, and it help to move ions against their
concentration gradients. The concentration of some of the ions is more inside the cell and some
is more outside the cell. For example, the concentration of sodium ions is more outside the cell.
Still, the sodium ions move from the inside of cell to outside through ion channels, by means of
active transport.
Bulk transport:
It is the transport of macromolecules into and out of the cell by to processes known as
Exocytosis or endocytosis. It involves the action of transport vesicles. Eg: Bulk transport of
proteins..
Recommended
Define passive and active in terms of energy requirement. Describe t.pdf
Define passive and active in terms of energy requirement. Describe the following types of
transport and identify if each type requires energy and in what form. Simple diffusion Facilitated
diffusion Osmosis Primary active transport Secondary active transport
Solution
Active transportneeds energy, and it help to move ions against their concentration gradients. The
concentration of some of the ions is more inside the cell and some is more outside the cell. For
example, the concentration of sodium ions is more outside the cell. Still, the sodium ions move
from the inside of cell to outside through ion channels, by means of active transport.
Passive transport of molecules is independent of energy requirement, and the transport or
diffusion of molecule across the channel is facilitated by the concentration gradient. Means, the
molecules move down their concentration gradients.
1). Simple diffusion:
Simple diffusion is a process of passive transport in which molecules diffuse down their
concentration gradient. Diffusion of molecules mainly depends on the lipid solubility and their
size and polarity. It does not require the carrier molecules as in case of facilitated diffusion.
Small molecules such as water, gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, ions such as hydrogen
ions, etc. can pass through the cell membranes and membranes of cellular organelles by means of
simple diffusion.
2). Facilitated diffusion involves the transport of transport of molecules using the membrane
bound proteins. For example, ion channels allow the transport of ions into and out of the cell,
which are otherwise, cannot pass through cell membrane. Glucose binds to the carrier molecule
present on the cell membrane, and enter into the cell; this process is facilitated by insulin.
3). In the primary active transport, the ATP is directly used for the transport of the molecule. For
example, The Na+/K+ ATPase pump transports sodium and potassium ions against their
concentration gradients. For every three sodium ions pumped out of the cell, two potassium ions
enter into the cell. Thus, the membrane potential is maintained.
4). The secondary active transport is an active transport in which the downhill movement of an
ion (either sodium or hydrogen) is coupled with the uphill movement of another molecule
(against its concentration) by the transporter protein. Thus, the electrochemical gradient of an ion
drives uphill transport of another molecule.
Eg: Glucose absorption along with the sodium is an example of secondary active transport..
1.4 Notes
Guided notes covering material from Topic 1.4 of the updated IB Biology syllabus for 2016 exams. Notes sequence and prompts are based on the Oxford IB Biology textbook by Allott and Mindorff.
1. Compare the 3 ways in which water and smaller solutes can be tran.pdf
1. Compare the 3 ways in which water and smaller solutes can be transported across the cell
membrane. How is this different from bulk transport?
2. Describe how hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions affect water balance in cells.
3. What are the two forces directing movement of ions across a membrane?
4. Explain how an electrochemical gradient can facilitate coupled transport.
5. Explain how large particles and molecules such as proteins and polysaccharides cross the
plasma membrane.
Solution
The three ways in which water and smaller molecules can be transported across the cell
membrane are,
1). Simple diffusion is a process of passive transport in which molecules diffuse down their
concentration gradient. Diffusion of molecules mainly depends on the lipid solubility and their
size and polarity.
Small molecules such as water, gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, ions such as hydrogen
ions, etc. can pass through the cell membranes and membranes of cellular organelles by means of
simple diffusion.
2). Facilitated diffusion: Facilitated diffusion involves the transport of transport of molecules
using the membrane bound proteins. For example, ion channels allow the transport of ions into
and out of the cell, which are otherwise, cannot pass through cell membrane. Glucose binds to
the carrier molecule present on the cell membrane, and enter into the cell; this process is
facilitated by insulin.
3). Active transport: Active transport needs energy, and it help to move ions against their
concentration gradients. The concentration of some of the ions is more inside the cell and some
is more outside the cell. For example, the concentration of sodium ions is more outside the cell.
Still, the sodium ions move from the inside of cell to outside through ion channels, by means of
active transport.
Bulk transport:
It is the transport of macromolecules into and out of the cell by to processes known as
Exocytosis or endocytosis. It involves the action of transport vesicles. Eg: Bulk transport of
proteins..
Transport across the plasma membrane.ppt
I have discusses the transport across the plasma membrane in the cell
CELL TRANSPORT PROCESS
DESCRIBES THE DIFFERENT TRANSPORT PROCESS OCCURING IN THE PLASMA MEMBRANE OF THE CELL
Chap 3
Its all about the movement of substances across the plasma membrane. students may get the information about the passive and active transport in detail..
10. Transport System in Organisms E-learning - Diffusion & Osmosis
10. Transport System in Organisms E-learning - Diffusion & Osmosis
Physiology By Abdul Hameed Korai (Tehsildar)
Physiology By Abdul Hameed Korai (Tehsildar)
For MBBS, M.Sc, B.sc , PCS , PMS and other exams
CELLULAR TRANSPORT.pptx
It gives in detail about cellular transport, different mechanism , types and classification for same.
Membrane Channels And Pump
》MEMBRANE CHANNELS AND PUMPS
1) INTRODUCTION:
2) MEMBRANE (COMPOSITION,STRUCTURE,SIGNIFICANCE )
3) TRANSPORT ACROSS MEMBRANE (SIMPLE DIFFUSION,
PASSIVE,ACTIVE)
4) MEMBRANE CHANNELS AND TYPES
5) MEMBRANE PUMP AND TYPES
6) COTRANSPORT: ●UNIPORT
●SYMPORT
●ANTIPORT
7) BULK TRANSPORT:●EXOCYTOSIS
●ENDOSMOSIS
●PINOCYTOSIS
SUMMERY
Write a program in java that asks a user for a file name and prints .pdf
Write a program in java that asks a user for a file name and prints the number of characters,
words (separated by whitespace), and lines in that file. Then, it replaces each line of the file with
its reverse. For example, if the file contains the following lines (Test1.txt):
This is a test
Hi there
Output on the console:
Number of characters: 22
Number of words: 6
Number of lines: 2
Data written to the file (Test1.txt):
tset a si sihT
ereth iH
Solution
ReadFileCount.java
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ReadFileCount {
public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(\"Enter file name: \");
String fileName = scan.next();
StringBuffer finalsb = new StringBuffer();
File file = new File(fileName);
if(file.exists()){
int numberOfLines = 0;
int numberOfCharacters = 0;
int numberOfWords = 0;
Scanner scan1 = new Scanner(file);;
while(scan1.hasNextLine()){
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
String s = scan1.nextLine();
sb.append(s);
numberOfLines++;
numberOfCharacters = numberOfCharacters + s.length();
String words[] = s.split(\" \");
numberOfWords = numberOfWords + words.length;
finalsb.append(sb.reverse());
finalsb.append(\"\ \");
}
System.out.println(\"Number of characters: \"+numberOfCharacters);
System.out.println(\"Number of words: \"+numberOfWords);
System.out.println(\"Number of lines : \"+numberOfLines);
PrintStream ps =new PrintStream(file);
ps.print(finalsb.toString());
ps.flush();
ps.close();
System.out.println(\"Data written to the file \"+fileName);
}
else{
System.out.println(\"File does not exist\");
}
}
}
Output:
Enter file name:
D:\\\\Test1.txt
Number of characters: 0
Number of words: 0
Number of lines : 0
Data written to the file D:\\\\Test1.txt
Test1.txt
tset a si sihT
ereht iH.
Write a short essay that compares the stories of the birth of Jesus .pdf
Write a short essay that compares the stories of the birth of Jesus by Matthew and Luke. What
parts of the Gospels point to the divinity of Jesus? How do the stories differ? Read any
footnotes.Be prepared to discuss the differences in how the Gospels begin and the meaning of the
texts.
Solution
Jesus’ birth takes place near the end of the reign of Herod the Great (Matt 2:1; Luke 1:5).
2. The names of the principal characters: Mary, Jesus’ future mother, and Joseph his adopted
father.
3. Mary is a virgin engaged to Joseph but they have not begun to live together nor have they
consummated their marriage (Matt 1:18; Luke 1:27, 34; 2:5).
4. Joseph is of Davidic descent (Matt 1:16-20; Luke 1:27; 2:4).
5. An angel from heaven announces the birth of Jesus (Matt 1:20-21; Luke 1:28-30).
6. Jesus is recognized as a son of David (Matt 1:1; Luke 1:32).
7. Jesus’ conception will take place miraculously i.e. through the Holy Spirit (Matt 1:18, 20;
Luke 1:35).
8. Joseph is not involved in the conception—unlike similar stories in the OT in which it is a
barren woman who conceives though through normal means (Matt 1:18-25; Luke 1:34).
9. The name Jesus is given by the angel prior to his birth (Matt 1:21; Luke 1:31). The Greek for
this in fact is strikingly similar which greatly increases the likelihood to hold on purely historical
critical grounds that this tradition predates both gospels:
10. Jesus is identified as “savior” by the angel (Matt 1:21; Luke 1:31).
11. Jesus is born after Mary and Joseph begin to live together (Matt 1:24-25; Luke 2:4-7).
12. Jesus is born in Bethlehem (Matt 2:1; Luke 2:4-7).
13. The family has a house in Bethlehem (Matt 2:10; Luke 2:7—which I believe refers to
Joseph’s ancestral home in Bethlehem rather than an “inn” or a stable).
14. The family settles in Nazareth sometime after the birth of Jesus (Matt 2:22-23; Luke 2:39,
51).(Matt 1:21): .And she will give birth to a son and you will call his name Jesus.(Luke
1:31): , .And you will give birth to a son and you will call his name Jesus..
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Similar to d lower equal of A chanser prveein does which thr all of the above io.pdf
Transport across the plasma membrane.ppt
I have discusses the transport across the plasma membrane in the cell
CELL TRANSPORT PROCESS
DESCRIBES THE DIFFERENT TRANSPORT PROCESS OCCURING IN THE PLASMA MEMBRANE OF THE CELL
Chap 3
Its all about the movement of substances across the plasma membrane. students may get the information about the passive and active transport in detail..
10. Transport System in Organisms E-learning - Diffusion & Osmosis
10. Transport System in Organisms E-learning - Diffusion & Osmosis
Physiology By Abdul Hameed Korai (Tehsildar)
Physiology By Abdul Hameed Korai (Tehsildar)
For MBBS, M.Sc, B.sc , PCS , PMS and other exams
CELLULAR TRANSPORT.pptx
It gives in detail about cellular transport, different mechanism , types and classification for same.
Membrane Channels And Pump
》MEMBRANE CHANNELS AND PUMPS
1) INTRODUCTION:
2) MEMBRANE (COMPOSITION,STRUCTURE,SIGNIFICANCE )
3) TRANSPORT ACROSS MEMBRANE (SIMPLE DIFFUSION,
PASSIVE,ACTIVE)
4) MEMBRANE CHANNELS AND TYPES
5) MEMBRANE PUMP AND TYPES
6) COTRANSPORT: ●UNIPORT
●SYMPORT
●ANTIPORT
7) BULK TRANSPORT:●EXOCYTOSIS
●ENDOSMOSIS
●PINOCYTOSIS
SUMMERY
Similar to d lower equal of A chanser prveein does which thr all of the above io.pdf (20)
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cell membrane transport mechanisms and related disorders ppt..pptx
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More from atulkapoor33
Write a program in java that asks a user for a file name and prints .pdf
Write a program in java that asks a user for a file name and prints the number of characters,
words (separated by whitespace), and lines in that file. Then, it replaces each line of the file with
its reverse. For example, if the file contains the following lines (Test1.txt):
This is a test
Hi there
Output on the console:
Number of characters: 22
Number of words: 6
Number of lines: 2
Data written to the file (Test1.txt):
tset a si sihT
ereth iH
Solution
ReadFileCount.java
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ReadFileCount {
public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(\"Enter file name: \");
String fileName = scan.next();
StringBuffer finalsb = new StringBuffer();
File file = new File(fileName);
if(file.exists()){
int numberOfLines = 0;
int numberOfCharacters = 0;
int numberOfWords = 0;
Scanner scan1 = new Scanner(file);;
while(scan1.hasNextLine()){
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
String s = scan1.nextLine();
sb.append(s);
numberOfLines++;
numberOfCharacters = numberOfCharacters + s.length();
String words[] = s.split(\" \");
numberOfWords = numberOfWords + words.length;
finalsb.append(sb.reverse());
finalsb.append(\"\ \");
}
System.out.println(\"Number of characters: \"+numberOfCharacters);
System.out.println(\"Number of words: \"+numberOfWords);
System.out.println(\"Number of lines : \"+numberOfLines);
PrintStream ps =new PrintStream(file);
ps.print(finalsb.toString());
ps.flush();
ps.close();
System.out.println(\"Data written to the file \"+fileName);
}
else{
System.out.println(\"File does not exist\");
}
}
}
Output:
Enter file name:
D:\\\\Test1.txt
Number of characters: 0
Number of words: 0
Number of lines : 0
Data written to the file D:\\\\Test1.txt
Test1.txt
tset a si sihT
ereht iH.
Write a short essay that compares the stories of the birth of Jesus .pdf
Write a short essay that compares the stories of the birth of Jesus by Matthew and Luke. What
parts of the Gospels point to the divinity of Jesus? How do the stories differ? Read any
footnotes.Be prepared to discuss the differences in how the Gospels begin and the meaning of the
texts.
Solution
Jesus’ birth takes place near the end of the reign of Herod the Great (Matt 2:1; Luke 1:5).
2. The names of the principal characters: Mary, Jesus’ future mother, and Joseph his adopted
father.
3. Mary is a virgin engaged to Joseph but they have not begun to live together nor have they
consummated their marriage (Matt 1:18; Luke 1:27, 34; 2:5).
4. Joseph is of Davidic descent (Matt 1:16-20; Luke 1:27; 2:4).
5. An angel from heaven announces the birth of Jesus (Matt 1:20-21; Luke 1:28-30).
6. Jesus is recognized as a son of David (Matt 1:1; Luke 1:32).
7. Jesus’ conception will take place miraculously i.e. through the Holy Spirit (Matt 1:18, 20;
Luke 1:35).
8. Joseph is not involved in the conception—unlike similar stories in the OT in which it is a
barren woman who conceives though through normal means (Matt 1:18-25; Luke 1:34).
9. The name Jesus is given by the angel prior to his birth (Matt 1:21; Luke 1:31). The Greek for
this in fact is strikingly similar which greatly increases the likelihood to hold on purely historical
critical grounds that this tradition predates both gospels:
10. Jesus is identified as “savior” by the angel (Matt 1:21; Luke 1:31).
11. Jesus is born after Mary and Joseph begin to live together (Matt 1:24-25; Luke 2:4-7).
12. Jesus is born in Bethlehem (Matt 2:1; Luke 2:4-7).
13. The family has a house in Bethlehem (Matt 2:10; Luke 2:7—which I believe refers to
Joseph’s ancestral home in Bethlehem rather than an “inn” or a stable).
14. The family settles in Nazareth sometime after the birth of Jesus (Matt 2:22-23; Luke 2:39,
51).(Matt 1:21): .And she will give birth to a son and you will call his name Jesus.(Luke
1:31): , .And you will give birth to a son and you will call his name Jesus..
Write a 500 word essay on How Emotionally Intelligent am I Using D.pdf
Write a 500 word essay on: How Emotionally Intelligent am I? Using Daniel Goleman
article\"What makes a leader
Solution
Developing more emotional intelligence (EI) is very important for a successful career. When
individuals have high levels of EI, they build strong effective relationships and manage difficult
situations more successfully. Emotional intelligence is an intelligence having to do with
perceptive and understanding emotional information. Emotional information is in every place.
Emotions speak basic feeling states from one individual to other -- they mention urgent messages
such as \"let\'s get together\".
Psychologist Daniel Goleman fined five elements that make up emotional intelligence. These
are:
Leadership is build through emotional intelligence, which itself can only be achieved through
time, determination, and promise. Without emotional intelligence, leadership is weak,
inaccessible, and remote. True leaders show sympathy, kindness, and behave to their peers and
subordinates alike..
Why is it significant that many antibiotic resistance genes are foun.pdf
Why is it significant that many antibiotic resistance genes are found on the loops of DNA (mini-
chromosomes) called plasmids?
1. Plasmids can be passed among cells—allowing rapid spread, even between species of bacteria.
2. Antibiotic resistance genes aren’t found on the main bacterial chromosome.
3. Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes are produced naturally, often by soil-dwelling
bacteria.
4. Point mutations that confer resistance to a drug can’t occur unless that drug is in the
environment.
Solution
1. Plasmids can be passed among cells—allowing rapid spread, even between species of bacteria.
Plasmids are the extra DNA carried by bacteria; they are transferred to other cells during the
process of conjugation. It is advantageous for the bacteria to carry bacterial resistance genes on
plasmids because they can be transferred from one bacteria to the other and can be transferred
even between species..
Will water molecules in hot water move faster or slower compared to .pdf
Will water molecules in hot water move faster or slower compared to molecules in cold water?
Will water molecules in water vapor (gas) move slower compared to those in liquid water?
What are some factors that can alter the speed of diffusion?
Solution
a) Water molecules in hot water move faster compared to molecules in cold water.
b) No: In the gas phase—as water vapor—the H2O molecules are farther apart. They move very
fast and spread quickly compared to liquid water.
c) Answer: The factors that affect the rate of diffusion are.
which of the following is true with respect to the 3 classes of chem.pdf
which of the following is true with respect to the 3 classes of chemical messengers in the body.
a) hormones are released from endocrine cells and travel in the plasma to target cells b)
paracrines are proteins that are released from a secretory cell and travel through the plasma to
neighboring cells c) neurotransmitters are chemical messengers, which are released by the nerve
and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell d) both A and C e) all of the above
Solution
Correct answer is : All of the above
There are 3 types of Chemical messengers
1.Paracrines –
• Local chemical messengers
• Exert effect only on neighboring cells in immediate environment of secretion site
2.Neurotransmitters
• Shortrange chemical messengers
• Diffuse across narrow space to act locally on adjoining target cell (another neuron, a muscle, or
a gland)
3.Hormones
• Longrange messengers
• Secreted into blood by endocrine glands in response to appropriate signal
• Exert effect on target cells some distance away from release site
We will see each of this one by one
The human body secretes and circulates some 50 different hormones. A wide variety of these
chemical substances are produced by endocrine cells, most of which are in glands. The hormones
then enter the blood system to circulate throughout the body and activate target cells. The
endocrine system, tightly linked to the nervous system, controls a large number of the body’s
functions: metabolism, homeostasis, growth, sexual activity, and contraction of the smooth and
cardiac muscles.
When a hormone diffuses outside of a capillary, it can act on a target cell – a cell with receptors
that correspond to it. There are two types of hormonal activity. A steroid hormone is capable of
crossing through the cell membrane of the target cell. It unites with a receptor protein located
inside the nucleus, which stimulates or blocks the cell’s genetic activity. A protein hormone, on
the other hand, cannot penetrate the target cell. It attaches to the cell’s membrane and activates a
receptor that releases, in turn, a messenger within the cell.
b) paracrines are proteins that are released from a secretory cell and travel through the plasma to
neighboring cells
In paracrine signaling, the signaling molecules released by a cell only affect target cells in close
proximity to it. The conduction of an electric impulse from one nerve cell to another or from a
nerve cell to a muscle cell (inducing or inhibiting muscle contraction) occurs via paracrine
signaling. The role of this type of signaling, mediated by neurotransmitters, in transmitting nerve
impulses.
Paracrine signaling is a form of cell-to-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to
induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behavior or differentiation of those cells. Signaling
molecules known as paracrine factors diffuse over a relatively short distance (local action), as
opposed to endocrine factors (hormones which travel considerably longer distances via the
cir.
Which of the following is NOT a difference between the smooth ER and .pdf
Which of the following is NOT a difference between the smooth ER and the rough ER? The
rough ER has ribosomes; the smooth ER does not. The smooth ER works to detoxify poisons;
the rough ER aren\'t got time for that. The smooth ER creates lipids while the rough ER makes a
lot of membrane proteins. The smooth ER makes phospholipids, but the rough ER does not. The
rough ER makes secretory proteins; the smooth ER does not.
Solution
The smooth ER are engaged in generation of lipids and phospholipids along with detoxification
of poisons from the cells. On the other hand, rough ER are engaged in genertion of proteins since
they carry ribosomes on their surface where translation takes place. Importantly, the rough ER
are involved only in generation of primary sequence of proteins i.e. a polypeptide sequence.
They do not help in folding or generation of secondary structure of proteins. Moreover, the
polypeptide synthesized on rough ER contains a leader seqeunce which helps the nascent
polypeptide to golgi apparatus for transport. This suggests that the rough ER are not involved in
generationof secretory protein.
Thus, this information suggests that choice E is correct..
What sources have helped shape your personal code of ethics and mora.pdf
What sources have helped shape your personal code of ethics and morality? What influences, if
any, have ever pressured you to compromise those standards? Think of an experience you had at
work or schools that tested your ethical standards. What did you decide to do to resolve your
dilemma? Now that time has passed are you comfortable with the decision you made? If not,
what would you do differently?
Solution
For deciding ethical action there are few standards. Some of them are
1) Rights Approach
Under rights approach, Ethical action that best protects the interests those affects. Every
individual has a right to know truth and he has to considered as an ends not as a means.
2) Utilitarian approach
Ethical action is one which gives greatest good those who affects. Here ends is important means
could be anything
ETHICAL DILEMMA FACED IN SCHOOL
In our school hostel using mobile was illegal, I noticed some of my friends using this. Should I
report this? Is ethical dilemma.
What is a stored function Where is it located How can it be used .pdf
What is a stored function? Where is it located? How can it be used? Explain
Solution
stored function :-
stored function is nothing but block of code similar to stored procedure which will perform some
operation and returns a single value to the user. stored functions are also called as user defined
functions.
Syntax :-
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION FUNCTION_NAME(PARAMETER DATATYPE)
RETURN(PARAMETER/VARIABLE DATATYPE)
IS/AS
VARIABLE DECLARATION ;
BEGIN
CODE/STATEMENT ;
RETURN(PARAMETER/VARIABLE DATATYPE) ;
END;
/
Example :-
A stored function to return the cube of a given variable value :-
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION F1(X INT)
RETURN INT
IS
BEGIN
RETURN X*X*X ;
END ;
/
Output :-
SELECT F1(5) FROM DUAL ; // Function Call
F1(5)
125..
What are the three fundamental decisions financial managers make and.pdf
What are the three fundamental decisions financial managers make and identify which part of the
balance sheet each decisions affect.
Solution
1. capital budgeting decisions: Asset side is affected
2. financing decisions: Liabilities side is affected
3. working capital management decisions: Current Assets/Liabilities side is affected.
westphalian order is about what what are the human principle of wes.pdf
westphalian order is about what? what are the human principle of westphalian? how westphalian
is underpressure of globalization?
Solution
i) Westphalian order: is the principle of international law that each nation state has sovereignty
over its territory and domestic affairs, to the exclusion of all external powers, on the principle of
non-interference in another country\'s domestic affairs, and that each state (no matter how large
or small) is equal in international law. As European influence spread across the globe, the
Westphalian principles, especially the concept of sovereign states, became central to
international law and to the prevailing world order.
ii) Collectively known as the Westphalian system, the principles are:
iii) During the 1980s and early 1990s, the imperative of globalization and interdependence led to
international integration, and the erosion of Westphalian sovereignty. The European Union\'s
concept of shared sovereignty is also somewhat contrary to historical views of Westphalian
sovereignty, as it provides for external agents to influence and interfere in the internal affairs of
its member countries..
Warren Delaney believed that his home was his “castle,” and during t.pdf
Warren Delaney believed that his home was his “castle,” and during the summer months every
year, his “castle” was a tiny cabin nestled in the woods of upstate New York. Delaney was an
Economics professor at a small college in Florida, and for him, there was no better way to “rest
and recharge” after a hectic academic year than to head north for the cozy confines of his cabin.
For several consecutive years, Warren’s cabin had been vandalized and/or burglarized during
the winter months while he was in Florida. During the winter of 2006, several windows had been
shattered. In the winter of 2007, several pieces of furniture had been stolen. At some point during
the winter of 2008, the bedroom mattress had been ripped apart for some unexplained reason,
with foam and fabric scattered about the bedroom floor. On each of these occasions, the
perpetrator had forced the front door lock open, and had entered the cabin through the front door.
Warren envisioned a way to stop the criminal(s) responsible for these violations. He spring-
loaded a shotgun in the living room of the cabin, and pointed it directly at the front door. The
shotgun was configured so that if someone opened the front door while he was away, it would
fire at the intruder.
Warren returned to his cabin in May 2010 and came upon a grisly scene. The front door had
been opened, and at the threshold was the partially-decomposed body of what appeared to be a
middle-aged man, dead of a shotgun blast to the chest. Warren immediately called the local
sheriff, Officer Brian Mulholland. Upon arriving at the scene and briefly questioning Warren,
Officer Mulholland arrested him.
Was the arrest valid? Did Warren Delaney commit first-degree murder? Did Warren use
justifiable force in this situation?
Solution
Yes, the arrest was valid. This is a case of culpable homicide involving the illegal killing of a
person either with or without an intention to kill.
Here the person has died. The killing was unlawful, wilful and predetermined. It was a planned
murder. So it will be considered a first degree murder.
Justifiable force is use of force in defense, home protection, in defense of property. But the case
is that the force led to the person dying. Warren had planted the gun in such a way that the
intruder will be shot and killed. So the use of force is not justifiable..
Understand 1. Explain the factors that contribute to streamflow befor.pdf
Understand 1. Explain the factors that contribute to streamflow before, during, and after a storm.
Precipitation overlandStream Stream flow flow flow Baseflow Retun flow Retun flow Baseflow
Solution
Base flow : It is basically contribute to the steam flow after long time of the high precipitation
Return flow: It contribute the steam flow after and during storm to due to topography of the land.
Inter inflow : it is occur just after the storm and contribute to increase base flow and water table.
This phenomenon is primarily responsible for the redistribution of he.pdf
This phenomenon is primarily responsible for the redistribution of heat across the plant Coriolis
effect curvature of the Earth Adiabatic cooling Biome
Solution
The solar heat gained by our planet from the sun is not even. The uneven heat is redistributed
across the planet by air circulation, water vapour, ocean current, earth rotation. Due to uneven
heat the climate and weather patterns are maintained.
These are the following phenomenon primarily responsible for the redistribution of heat.
Coriolis effect: The Earth rotates once every 24 hours. Due to that rotation, the uneven heat
energy from the sun is redistributed by moving air masses, water vapor and ocean currents. This
effect is called coriolis effect.
Curvature of the earth causes uneven distribution of solar heat. Therefore the solar flux is
maximum at equator than the polars.
Adiabatic cooling is the process of reducing heat through a change in air pressure caused by
volume expansion. In nature when there is very hot, the air close to earth becomes lighten and
moves up and to fullfil that place cold heavy air comes. that results in redistribution of heat
across the earth..
The following questions are about transmissible spongiform encephalop.pdf
The following questions are about transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE). (0.5 pt.)
TSE\'s are caused by: prions viruses bacteria fungi protozoa helminths
Solution
TSE s, called as Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies.
Also known as Prion diseases.
TSE s are group of progressive conditions ,which effect the brain and nervousystem in many
animals,including humans.
According the most widesprea hypotheis, they are transmited by Prions,
Answer is \"a\"Prions..
Please answer these following questions only if you are sure about t.pdf
Please answer these following questions only if you are sure about the answer.
Thank you.
Solution
14. B. Choanoflagelleates share common ancestry with animals.
Analysis of the combined data set (concatenated) along with sequences from other closely
related species (animals and fungi) demonstrate that choanoflagellates are strongly supported as
monophyletic and confirm their position as the closest known unicellular living relative of
animals.
15. B. Multicellular haplaid gamete producing organism.
Two single-celled haploid gametes, fuse to form a single-celled diploid zygote. The single-celled
diploid zygote germinates, dividing by the normal process (mitosis),The result is a multi-cellular
diploid organism, called thesporophyte(because at maturity it produces spores).
When it reaches maturity, the sporophyte produces one or moresporangia(singular: sporangium)
which are the organs that produce diploid spore mother cells (sporocytes). These divide by a
special process (meiosis) that reduces the number of chromosomes by a half. This initially results
in four single-celled haploid spores, each containingnunpaired chromosomes. The single-celled
haploid spore germinates, dividing by the normal process (mitosis), which maintains the number
of chromosomes at n. The result is a multi-cellular haploid organism, called
thegametophyte(because it produces gametes at maturity).
16. B. Haploid, gametes.
explanation in the above question..
Multiple choice Which Protozoa phyla is responsible for red tides an.pdf
Multiple choice: Which Protozoa phyla is responsible for red tides and can be toxic?
Euglenozoa Trypanosomatidea Ciliophora Dinozoa Multiple choice: Which class of Cnidarians
includes corals and anemones? Hydrozoa Scyphozoa Cubozoa Anthozoa Multiple choice:
Adhesive cells in Ctenophores are called: Cnidocysts Nematocystes Nerve net Colloblasts
Solution
Please find the answers below and explanations in parentheses:
Answer 7: Choice 4 (red tide is a phenomenon observed by presence of large amount of algal
blooms in sea with appearance of red coloration of water. These algal blooms are basically
dinoflagellates by nature with colored cell coatings in reddish appearance. Together, these
phytoplanktons give appearance of large red-tides in the sea and are termed as Red tide)
Answer 8: Choice 4 (the class anthozoa of cnidarian organisms include the forms which make up
sedenatry life-style such as corals and sea anemones. They are always sedentary in nature but
produce motile sperms which can perform sexual reproduction. Examples include sea anemone,
Montastraea cavernosa, the corals of the great Australian coral reef etc.)
Answer 9: Choice 4 (Colloblasts are small unique cells distributed in the tentacles of the
ctenophora which help in attaching to the substratum and also help in capturing the prey. They
contain digestive tentacles and sometimes eosinophilic cells inside them which penetrate through
the substrate/prey and help in attaching to them.Thus, colloblasts are the functional cells of
cnidarians for capturing prey).
List the 3 Laws of Robotics and decide which is the most important..pdf
List the 3 Laws of Robotics and decide which is the most important.
Solution
1) A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to
harm.
2) A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would
conflict with the First Law.
3) A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the
First or Second Laws..
Mainly stuck on why this is not readily available and used in the Un.pdf
Mainly stuck on why this is not readily available and used in the United States. EcoCute is a
transcritical CO2 heat pump used extensively in Europe and Japan. Investigate this technology
and compare its operational schematic and accompanying T s diagram with that shown in Fig.
10.18. Explore why this technology is not readily available and used within the United States.
Compare its use for a 1000 ft2 dwelling in your locale with a more conventional air-cooled
residential heat pump using a synthetic refrigerant in terms of costs (operational and
environmental impact. What are the impediments to its deployment in the United initial) and
States? Create a PowerPoint presentation of your findings and a supporting project report
Solution
To specifically answer your question, a transcritical CO2 heat pump uses C02 or R744 as the
natural refrigerant which has the following the implications in terms of its behaviour:
1. It combines with water in air to form carbonic acid which has corrosive properties over metal
and can damage limestone and marble.
2.Breathing air that has even ~10% of Co2 content can prove life threatening.
3. R744 is one and a half times heavier than air therefore when released to air, it will accumilate
at low elevations .
As far as its use in the United States is concerned, there are legal liabilities over the long term for
the manufactureres of Co2 heat pumps. Hence it is not readily available as compared to Japan
and Europe..
Java ProgrammingImplement an auction application with the followin.pdf
Java Programming
Implement an auction application with the following features/functionality:
Inputs for an item and minimum bid amount.
Inputs for bidder name, bid amount and maximum bid. You will implement a class called Bid to
hold this information.
Label controls to show the current high bidder’s name, bid amount and maximum bid. For bid
amounts, you may assume all bids will be a whole dollar value just to simplify things a bit.
A list box to show all entries when the auction is over. You will use the pop() method to retrieve
each bid off the stack and display it. This feature is intended more for test/debug purposes.
You will implement a Stack class that will keep the highest bid at the top of the stack. It must
have the classic stack operations of push() to place an item on the stack, pop() to remove the top
item from the stack, and top() to view the top item on the stack but not remove it. You may use a
linked list of your own design, an array, or the built-in Java Array List or Linked List classes as
the underlying data structure. You may also add an item count property if you want.
The auction will work by the following rules:
When the initial bid is made, it must be greater than or equal to the item’s minimum bid amount
to be placed on the stack.
When another bid is made that is greater than the current high bidder’s maximum bid, that bid
will be pushed to the top of the stack and become the new highest bid.
If another bid is made that is greater than the current high bid but less than or equal to the
current high bidder’s maximum amount, the current high bidder’s bid will be raised to match but
the new bid will not be placed on the stack.
Your application should have a message box or label to indicate the status of the bid operation.
There is no limit on the number of bids.
Solution
// To import features as \'Panel, Button, Label, TextArea, TextField, Color\', etc.
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
// In this program, \"this.\" is used instead of \"this.getContentPane().\" in Auction.init() uses;
class Bidacution
{
public static void main (String[] args)
{ Frame gameapp = new Frame (\"AUCTION by Henry C. Joy\");
gameapp.setSize (750, 560); // larger than actual applet -- allow for edges
gameapp.addWindowListener (new WindowCloser());
Auction display = new Auction();
display.init();
gameapp.add (display);
gameapp.setVisible (true);
}
private static class WindowCloser extends java.awt.event.WindowAdapter
{ public void windowClosing (java.awt.event.WindowEvent e)
{ System.exit (0);
}}
}
// The MAIN method of the software (the init method): using 20 + classes.
public class Auction extends java.applet.Applet // every Applet is a Panel
{
public static final int UNIT = 5; // difference between 2 consec. bids
public static final int BREAK = 5; // separate first 5 from last 4
public static final String REPEAT = \"repeat game\";
// VIEW objects
private Panel boardPanel = new Panel();
p.
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- 1. d lower equal of A chanser prveein does which thr all of the above ions the cell. a uses energy to move sodum out ofte cell and potassium inoo energy. ions to move un ions out oree cell and ions into the energy c moves sodum ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell without using ions out of he cell and sodium ions the crll wil s owmasis is the diffusion of water. and other small molecules. is the dinusion of water is the diffusion of water and small ions diffusion, osmosis, facilitated which ef the following simple diffusion, (4) active transport, and vesicle transport. 1,2 and 3 4 and 5 2, 3, 4, and 5 a. are bocha type of vesicle transport. b move very large molecules eiher in orout of the cell c, are both a fome of d. all of the above 8. Which of the following needs energy? (I passive transport, (2) active transport. 3) exocytosis, and (4) a. only 2 only c, 2 and 3 d 2, 3, and 4 Lesson 3.3: Vocabulary Name Class Marck the vocabulary word with the proper ddininion. 1. transport a membrane without any additional energy requirement across 2 the diffusion of water 3, type of vesicle transport that moves a substance into the cell 4, type of vesicle transport that moves a substance out of the cell Solution 3) A channel protein carries proteins and ions across the membrane. 4) sodium potassium pump pumps Na+ out of the cell and K+ inside the cell with using energy. 5) osmosis is diffusion of water and other small molecules 6) Diffusion and osmosis( 1 and 2) 7) Endocytosis and exocytosis are a type of vesicle transport. Endocytosis is engulfment and exocytosis is transporting them out. 8) Active transport needs energy