The document contains questions and answers about the history of India's independence movement and establishment of democracy. It discusses key events like the Indian National Congress being formed, the Morley-Minto and Montagu-Chelmsford reforms establishing limited self-governance, Gandhi's non-violent movement and the salt march protest, partition and the resulting religious conflicts, and establishment of democracy with challenges around caste system and minority rights.

1. Question: What was India's first step in gaining a say in government?

2. ANSWER: They formed the Indian National Congress

3. Question: What were the Morley-Minto reforms?

4. ANSWER: The documents which enabled the British to appoint "non-official" representatives

5. Question: What is a dyarchy?

6. ANSWER: It is a dual- form of administration (two) Power is shared

7. Question: Which document formed a dyarchy between the British and the Indians?

8. ANSWER: The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms

9. Question: How did the British keep most of their power, even though it was a dyarchy?

10. ANSWER: The British took control of the more important areas of government (examples: military, finance, etc.) and they pu India n charge of the less important areas of government (examples: agriculture, education, etc.)

11. Question: What was the effect of India's increasing say in government?

12. ANSWER: It led to their nationalism

13. Question: What were the Rowlatt laws?

14. ANSWER: The Rowlatt Laws were laws that enabled the government to imprison anyone without trial

15. Question: What was the Amristar Massacre?

16. ANSWER: Protest of the Indians were the British fired into the crowd and killed and wounded many people (Gandhi movie)

17. Question: Who did the massacre bring into Indian politics?

18. ANSWER: Mohandas K. Gandhi

19. Question: What was Gandhi's non-violence mass movement?

20. ANSWER: this was Gandhi's peaceful movement where he and his followers would not cooperate with the British laws and demands

21. Question: What was this based off of?

22. ANSWER: I was based off of his beliefs in Ahimsa (non-violence to all living things)

23. Question: What was the Salt March?

24. ANSWER: This was Gandhi's historic march with many followers when he went to the Indian Ocean and made tax-free salt

25. Question: What was the significance of the media following the Salt March?

26. ANSWER: It caused the Indian protest to be worldwide

27. Question: What problems did India have after they achieved independence?

28. ANSWER: They had both a Hindu and Muslim populace

29. Question: Who was Muhammad Ali Jinnah?

30. ANSWER: The first Muslim Prime Minister

31. Question: Who killed Ghandi and why?

32. ANSWER: N. V. Godse was a Hindu extremest who killed Gandhi because he believed that Gandhi was to tolerant to the Muslims

33. Question: What is a Gram-Sevak

34. ANSWER: The government appointed leader of an certain area of land

35. Question: What is a panchayat

36. ANSWER: the leader of the area of farmers in their divisions who is appointed by the people

37. Question: Who is Jawaharlal Nehru

38. ANSWER: successor to Gandhi's as the Indian National Congress Leader

39. Question: Why were there mass migrations after the Indians gained their independence

40. ANSWER: The Muslims were forced to flee to Pakistan because that was the purely Muslim state

41. Question: What is the caste system?

42. ANSWER: It is a social system based on purity. It is split by birth, occupation and wealth.

43. Question: List the caste system in order

44. ANSWER: Brahmans Kshatrya Vaisyas Shudras Untouchables

45. Question: Is there a founder AND a religious book of Hinduism?

46. ANSWER: No there is no religious book

47. Question: List three beliefs of Hindus

48. ANSWER: 1) Some believe God is everywhere 2)Believe in supreme beings such as Brahmans 3)worship statues of gods These are just the ones in the book clearly there are more

49. Question: All of the following were major deities EXCEPT Vishnu Siva Devi Krishna

50. ANSWER: Krishna

51. Question: If Hinduism doesnt have a main religious book do they have scriptures and if so what are they called?

52. ANSWER: Yes, they are called Vedas

53. Question: what are the two longest poems written?

54. ANSWER: Mahabhrata and Ramayana

55. Question: What are three key parts to the Hindu religion?

56. ANSWER: 1)Reincarnation-Upon dying the soul moves on to another body. Hundus believe that if you have good karma then you will move up one level in the caste system. 2)Karma-A person's actions in life determines their future state upon rebirth 3)Dharma-Set of rules or "path of righteousness" for Hindus

57. Question: List two things that is in the religious practices of an average Hindu

58. ANSWER: 1) Pilgrimage to holy cities on foot 2)Wash hands and feet in holy river like the Ganges before praying 3) Cremation of the loved one 4)Believing that all life is sacred especially the cattle, which is referred as a sacred animal

59. Question: Why did Islam have so many converts in India

60. ANSWER: 1) Liked the thought that everyone was equal under the eyes of God 2) Was a way for them to ESCAPE the caste system

61. Question: Name the five pillars

62. ANSWER: Shahada Salat Sawm Zakat Hajj

63. Question: Why did Islam have a positive effect on the subcontinent?

64. ANSWER: It brought in the belief that everyone was equal in the eyes of god, it also was a way to escape the caste system.

65. Question: What ties Dharma, karma, and reincarnation together?

66. ANSWER: It is said by the Hindus that if you have good Karma by living according to your dharma then you will be re-born one level up on the caste system in your next life.

67. Question: Name teh fiev other religions that are followed in India

68. ANSWER: Jainism Bhuddism Sikhs Christianity Parisis

69. Question: Describe Janism: What do they believe in? How many members do they have today?

70. ANSWER: Janism: They belive in education and ahimsa: non violence to all living things today there are 3.2 million members of Janism *derived from Hinduism

71. Question: Describe Sikhs: How was it created? What do they believe in? Any cultural traditions? How many Sikhs are there? Where do they live and what language do they speak?

72. ANSWER: Sikhs: Made of ideas from Hinduism and Islam. NO Hindu caste system but believe in reincarnation Their book: Granth Sahib No tobacco or alchol, they do NOT cut their hair (but they put it in a turban), most of the 14 million live in Punjab and speak Punjabi. *All names include the word "singh" meaning lion.

73. Question: Describe Parsis: Who is their God and prophet? Where do most live? Any traditions?

74. ANSWER: Parsis: Founded in Persia in 1000 BC, prophet: Zoroster, God: Ahura-Mazda Mainly live around Bombay They bathe before praying, when someone dies they are placed on "The Tower of Silence" Only a decendent of a Parsi can become a Parsi.

75. Question: What is the Bhagavad Gita?

76. ANSWER: Book of major beliefs in Hinduism. 200 BC, non-violence, cleanliness

77. Question: What are the Vedas?

78. ANSWER: Religious books of Hinduism.

79. Question: What is the Rig Veda?

80. ANSWER: Hindu book of Ceation

81. Question: Why were Europeans so interested in India?

82. ANSWER: Spices! Why: -cured meat -gave flavor to sour wine

83. Question: How did the British gain a foothold?

84. ANSWER: Military Superiority, Adminstrative Power, Mogul Decline, Divide & Conquer

85. Question: Important Events leading to British Gov Control

86. ANSWER: 1. Sepoy Mutiny 2. British Raj 3. Strong Governor Generals

87. Question: Positive effects of British Rule India

88. ANSWER: 1. India=largely unified 2. Concrete improvements were made (a) best railroad system constructed (b)national postal and telegraph system (c)canal system 3. New schools started by British 4. Law and order established 5. Textile/steel plants were built

89. Question:Negative Effects of British Rule in India

90. ANSWER: 1.present poverty 2. improvements paid by INDIAN taxpayers 3. Almost complete seperation of ruler to ruled ( ruler to citizens) (a) Indians barred from senior positions in Civil Service (I)allowed British total control

91. Question: What was the immediate cause of The Sepoy Mutiny?

92. ANSWER: Cow fat being used to grease weapons (sacred to Sepoys)

93. Question: What were other potential causes to The Sepoy Mutiny?

95. Question:What was the underlying ALL of the other causes?

96. ANSWER: British were taking control and Indians were losing their culture! Their culture was dying!

97. Question:What is the significance of The Sepoy Mutiny?

98. ANSWER: Cause: Sepoy Mutiny Effect: "an Act for the Better Government of India"(British Raj) *British saw the built up anger that finally came out so they tried to make rule more "equal"

99. Question: What is a Zamindar

100. ANSWER: Rich, Large, Man who cuts up land and rents it to tenant farmers(Native indians)

101. Question: Who was the Portugeese man who found a route to India that cut out the Middle East?

102. ANSWER: Vasco De Gama

103. Question: Who was the Britishman who with 3,000 soldiers killed the French's 50,000 soldiers?

104. ANSWER: Robert Clive

105. Question: Who was the leader of the 50,000 French Soldiers who were defeated by Robert Clive?

106. ANSWER: Joseph Dupleix

107. Question: Who was the Portugeese man who from 1509-1515 took control of various port areas and the cities of Goa?

108. ANSWER: Alfonaso de Albuquerque

109. Question: Who was the -governor of Bengal from 1772-1785 -first governor general of India -started Indian Civil service -abolished taxes on imports and exports

110. ANSWER: Warren Hastings

111. Question: Who was the -governor general from 1828-1835 -stopped traditional practices such as suttee and female infanticide

112. ANSWER: Lord Betenick

113. Question: Who was the -governor general from 1848-1856 -annexed Punjab and burma -set up department of Public Instruction=elementry education

114. ANSWER: Lord Dalhousie

115. Question: Who were the Native Indians who become British Soldiers?

116. ANSWER: Sepoys

117. Question: Who was the founder of the Indian National Congress?

118. ANSWER: Allan Octavian Hume

119. Question: Who was the Good guy in the INC? Who was the Bad guy in the INC?

120. ANSWER: Good Guy= Gopal K. Gopale Bad Guy= Bal G. Tilak

121. Question: How many people live in the subcontinent?

122. ANSWER: 1.1 billion

123. Question: What are the four major geographical areas of India?

124. ANSWER: -The Himalayas -The Lowland plain -The Deccan plateau -The Southern coastal plains

125. Question: What are the major river systems in India?

126. ANSWER: Indus-1,900 miles from Tibet through Himalayas and across Pakistan Ganges-1,560 miles from the Himalayas across nothern India into Bangladesh meets with Brahmaputra and pours into the Bay of Bengal Brahmaputra-700 miles from Tibet throught the Himalayas into the northern part of India to the Bay of Bengal with the Ganges

127. Question: What are the most common lanuages that are spoken in the subcontient?

128. ANSWER: 16 different languages -Hindi -Urdu -Bengali -Sanskri -Iranian -English

129. Question: Who was the founder of Buddhism?

130. ANSWER: Siddhartha Gautama

131. Question: What is the main goal of Buddhism

132. ANSWER: To eliminate desire through the eightfold path

133. Question: According to the 4 Noble Truths, what causes suffering?

134. ANSWER: Desire

135. Question: Who is the supreme being in Buddhism?

136. ANSWER: There is none

137. Question: What is the name of the books that people put Buddha's teachings into?

138. ANSWER: Sutras

139. Question Who was the first governor general

140. ANSWER: Warren Hastings

141. Question: Who made English the official language, abolished sutee and female infanticide?

142. ANSWER: Lord Bentinck

143. Question: Who ruled from 1848-1856?

144. ANSWER: Lord Dalhousie

145. Question: What was the most important thing that Lord Wellesley did?

146. ANSWER: Forced alliances that left them dependant on Britian

147. Question: What did Lord Amherst do?

148. ANSWER: Annexed Assam and conducted war against King of Burma

149. Question: Which governor general changed the government the most?

150. ANSWER: Lord Cornwallis

151. Question: Was the majority of the Population of Kasmir Hindu or Muslim

152. ANSWER: Population was Muslim Leader was Hindu

153. Question: Why was India opposed to and Independent Kashmir?

154. ANSWER: They feared that more Indian States would want to become Indpendent

155. Question: What was the final solution?

156. ANSWER: *Trick question* There was not a solution, they are ill fighting over 1/3 of it today

157. Question: What does the term foreign policy mean?

158. ANSWER: The decisions/rules/guidlines relating to things that are foreign [countries]

159. Question: What is non alignment?

160. ANSWER: It is listening to both sides then deciding who's side you are on. You are going into it "no-aligned"

161. Question: What is neutrality?

162. ANSWER: Neutrality: is not getting involved

163. Question: What three main things did East and West Pakista differ in?

164. ANSWER: land, language, and pre-independence history

165. Question: What was the main problem for East and West Pakistan?

166. ANSWER: How to govern such a geographically widely separated nation

167. Question: Where was the main seat of government located?

168. ANSWER: West Pakistan

169. Question: Where was the majority of the citizens located?

170. ANSWER: East Pakistan

171. Question: What was the Awami League?

172. ANSWER: a political party that sought greater autonomy for East Pakistan

173. Question: Who founded the Awami League?

174. ANSWER: Sheik Mujibur

175. Question: When the cyclone and tidal wave hit East Pakistan and killed 600,000 people, what did the Bengalis feel about the government?

176. ANSWER: They felt that the central government was indifferent and was not supplying sufficient aid