The Jagiellonian dynasty ruled Poland, Bohemia, Hungary, and Lithuania from the 15th to 16th centuries. The dynasty descended from Władysław Jagiełło, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. At its peak, the Jagiellonian domains covered over 2 million square kilometers. The dynasty ended in 1526 after the Battle of Mohács, which resulted in the division and loss of independence of Hungary.
Hungary has always been part of the European continent . After the defeat of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1867-1918) at the end of World War I , Hungary lost two thirds of its territory and much of its population. The country experienced a brief but bloody communist dictatorship and counterrevolution in 1919.
Although Hungary participated in World War II as an ally of the Germans suffered military occupation of Germany after a failed attempt to switch sides on October 15, 1944 . Interim government , led by Communist Party of Hungary , was replaced in November 1945 after the elections gave majority control of the coalition government to the Independent Smallholders Party . The government instituted a radical land reform and gradually nationalized mines, power plants , factories and some of the major banks. In the 1947 elections , marred by fraud, the leftist bloc gained control of the government. The postwar cooperation between the Soviet Union and Eastern collapsed and the Cold War began . With the support of the Soviets, Mátyás Rákosi , formed in Moscow, began the establishment of the communist dictatorship .
Hungary's transition to a parliamentary democracy as the West was the first and most peaceful in the former Soviet bloc. It was inspired by nationalism that has long encouraged Hungarians to control their own destiny . The first free parliamentary election took place in May 1990 . It was a kind of plebiscite based on the communist past . The Communists , reformed and reinvigorated , had a mediocre performance despite having more advantages than you usually have the party in power . The liberal parties , the center-right and populist had a better performance when the Hungarian Democratic Forum party won 43% of the vote and the Alliance of Free Democrats got 24 %.
Hungary has always been part of the European continent . After the defeat of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1867-1918) at the end of World War I , Hungary lost two thirds of its territory and much of its population. The country experienced a brief but bloody communist dictatorship and counterrevolution in 1919.
Although Hungary participated in World War II as an ally of the Germans suffered military occupation of Germany after a failed attempt to switch sides on October 15, 1944 . Interim government , led by Communist Party of Hungary , was replaced in November 1945 after the elections gave majority control of the coalition government to the Independent Smallholders Party . The government instituted a radical land reform and gradually nationalized mines, power plants , factories and some of the major banks. In the 1947 elections , marred by fraud, the leftist bloc gained control of the government. The postwar cooperation between the Soviet Union and Eastern collapsed and the Cold War began . With the support of the Soviets, Mátyás Rákosi , formed in Moscow, began the establishment of the communist dictatorship .
Hungary's transition to a parliamentary democracy as the West was the first and most peaceful in the former Soviet bloc. It was inspired by nationalism that has long encouraged Hungarians to control their own destiny . The first free parliamentary election took place in May 1990 . It was a kind of plebiscite based on the communist past . The Communists , reformed and reinvigorated , had a mediocre performance despite having more advantages than you usually have the party in power . The liberal parties , the center-right and populist had a better performance when the Hungarian Democratic Forum party won 43% of the vote and the Alliance of Free Democrats got 24 %.
THE RSE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE FOR CBSE CLASS 10 STUDENTS THIS IS THEBEST PPT BY ME FOR MORE BEST JUST EDIT IT IN YOUR WAY YOU CAN DOWNLOAD THIS AND FRIENDS DON'T FORGET TO LIKE IT IF YOU LIKE THIS JUST FOLLOE ON saqlainmemon776@gmail.com in slideshare.
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Slideshows about nonviolence and nonviolent resolution of conflicts, economic alternatives, ecology, social change, spirituality : www.irnc.org , Slideshows in english
Nonviolent resitance against communist dictatorhip in Europa
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Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
4. During its best period itDuring its best period it
has an area of overhas an area of over
2 000 000 km²,2 000 000 km²,
which made it onewhich made it one
of the most dynasties ofof the most dynasties of
Europe.Europe.
5. Władysław IIWładysław II
Jagiellończyk,Jagiellończyk,
Son of Kazimierz IVSon of Kazimierz IV
JagiellończykJagiellończyk
came to the throne ofcame to the throne of
Bohemia (1471)Bohemia (1471)
and Hungary (1490),and Hungary (1490),
originated theoriginated the
Czech-and -HungarianCzech-and -Hungarian
branchbranch
of the Jagiellonian dynastyof the Jagiellonian dynasty
who died off in 1526who died off in 1526..
6. The last one of the family wasThe last one of the family was
Ludwik II Jagiellończyk,Ludwik II Jagiellończyk,
who was killed during the battlewho was killed during the battle
of Mohacz, trying toof Mohacz, trying to
stop the Turkish army.stop the Turkish army.
As a result of his death HungaryAs a result of his death Hungary
was divided into three partswas divided into three parts
and lost its independence.and lost its independence.
The power of the JagiellonianThe power of the Jagiellonian
dynasty ended then.dynasty ended then.
7. When did Czech and SlovaksWhen did Czech and Slovaks
overthrew the communistoverthrew the communist
political system in their countrypolitical system in their country??
9. The year1989 was unusual.The year1989 was unusual.
‘Autumn of Peoples’‘Autumn of Peoples’
Started then. Countries ofStarted then. Countries of
East Central EuropeEast Central Europe
Started their liberationStarted their liberation
from the influence of thefrom the influence of the
Soviet Union and theSoviet Union and the
communist systemcommunist system
That process was started byThat process was started by
Poles in 1980. MasPoles in 1980. Mas
sResistancesResistance
‘‘Solidarity’ with LechSolidarity’ with Lech
Walesa as its leader.Walesa as its leader.
10. In Czechoslovakia – revolution which wasIn Czechoslovakia – revolution which was
to make the communism collapse lastedto make the communism collapse lasted
about 10 days. It started onabout 10 days. It started on
17 November 1989. On that day peaceful17 November 1989. On that day peaceful
demonstration dedicated to student Jandemonstration dedicated to student Jan
Opletal, killed by Nazis transformed intoOpletal, killed by Nazis transformed into
protest against the communist rule. Theprotest against the communist rule. The
protest was finally pacifiedprotest was finally pacified..
11. Opposition with its leader Vaclav Havel,Opposition with its leader Vaclav Havel,
decided to establish Peoples’ Forumdecided to establish Peoples’ Forum
which was social movement based on Polishwhich was social movement based on Polish
‘Solidarity’. The Forum demanded from‘Solidarity’. The Forum demanded from
the country’s top politicains to hand in theirthe country’s top politicains to hand in their
resignationresignation
General strike began.General strike began.
The government resigned and new one wasThe government resigned and new one was
elected.elected.
12. On 29 DecemberOn 29 December
Václav Havel was onVáclav Havel was on
oath as president ofoath as president of
Czechoslovakia.Czechoslovakia.
Parliament ellectionsParliament ellections
were arranged forwere arranged for
June 1990.June 1990.
13. Those events were calledThose events were called
‘‘velvet revolution’.velvet revolution’.
15. Dumplings - KnedlikiDumplings - Knedliki
Traditional CzechTraditional Czech
dish. Made of yeastdish. Made of yeast
dough, most oftendough, most often
stuffed with meat.stuffed with meat.
Served with gravyServed with gravy
or fried onion andor fried onion and
sauerkrautsauerkraut..
16. vánočkavánočka
It is rich inIt is rich in eggseggs andand
butter. Lemonbutter. Lemon rindrind
andand nutmegnutmeg add coloradd color
and flavor; the doughand flavor; the dough
can also containcan also contain
raisinsraisins andand almondsalmonds. A. A
vánočkavánočka may be builtmay be built
from threefrom three
progressively smallerprogressively smaller
braids, stacked on topbraids, stacked on top
of each otherof each other. Served. Served
at Christmasat Christmas ..
17. ‘‘vosí hnízdavosí hnízda’’
Nut cookiesNut cookies
‘wasps’ nests’‘wasps’ nests’
made of nuymade of nuy
dough with rum.dough with rum.
Served atServed at
ChristmasChristmas..
18. Vanilkové rohlíčkyVanilkové rohlíčky
Small cookies-Small cookies-
crescent rollscrescent rolls
covered with vanillacovered with vanilla
sugar. They need tosugar. They need to
‘ripen’ for 2/3‘ripen’ for 2/3
weeks to be soft.weeks to be soft.
Served atServed at
ChristmasChristmas..