HUNGARY10-11-20101ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
10-11-20102ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
FACTS ABOUT HUNGARYEstablished: 1001 (by King Stephen I.)Country name: Republic of HungaryLocal long form: Magyar KoztarsasagGovernment type: Parliamentary DemocracyLocation: Central Europe (Hungary occupies the low-lying areas of the Carpathian basin. Two-thirds of the territory consist of plains below 200 metres.)Neighboring countries: Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia,Area: 93,030 square kmPopulation: 10million (there are almost 5 million living in other countries who declare themselves as Hungarians)Esztergom – Hometown of King Stephen I.First Capital of Hungary10-11-20103ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
Capital: Budapest (2 million inhabitants)
Official language: Hungarian “magyar” (a very special language, originating from the Finnougrictribe of languages)
Currency: Forint (HUF)
Religions: Roman Catholic 51.9%, Calvinist 15.9%, Lutheran 3%, Greek Catholic 2.6%, other Christian 1%, other or unspecified 11.1%, unaffiliated 14.5%
Climate: Continental with Mediterranean and Atlantic influences (Average temperatures: January -2C (28F), July 23C (73F) )
Main exports: Machinery and transport equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals
Internet domain: .hu
International dialling code: +36Budapest - Building of the Hungarian Parliament10-11-20104ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
FLAG DESCRIPTIONThree equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green; the flag dates to the national movement of the 18th and 19th centuries, and fuses the medieval colors of the Hungarian coat of arms with the revolutionary tricolor form of the French flag; folklore attributes virtues to the colors: red for strength, white for faithfulness, and green for hope; alternatively, the red is seen as being for the blood spilled in defense of the land 10-11-20105ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
WHO ARE THE HUNGARIANS?It is not (yet) known quite precisely. It seems certain they arrived somewhere from Asia.With regard to Hungary's location, world languages generally define it as: Eastern/Central Europe. This small country is one of the great survivors of history: states and empires emerged, expanded or disintegrated and disappeared around it. Hungary and the Hungarian nation survived the devastation of the Tartars and Turks, Habsburgs and Russians in the Carpathian Basin; survived the fact that it belonged among the losers of both world wars. The national anthem describes the Hungarians as "people torn by fate".10-11-20106ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
BRIEF HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 1In the time of the Roman Empire, the Romans called the region Pannonia. After Rome fell, the Migration Period continued bringing many invaders. First came the Huns, who built up a powerful empire under Attila. The name "Hungary" may be influenced by the name of the Hun peopleThe Magyars migrated to Hungary in the late 9th century. The Kingdom of Hungary was established in 1000 by King St. Stephen I.Gradually Hungary under the rule of the dynasty of the Árpáds turned into an independent kingdom which formed a distinct Central European culture with ties to greater West European civilizations. PannoniaKing St. Stephen I.10-11-20107ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
BRIEF HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 2The non-dynastic king Matthias Corvinus, son of John Hunyadi, ruled the Kingdom of Hungary from 1458 to 1490. He strengthened Hungary and its government. Under his rule, Hungary (notably the northern parts, some of which are in Slovakia today) became an important artistic and cultural centre of Europe during the Renaissance. Hungarian independence ended with the Ottoman conquest at the beginning of the 16th century the parts of Hungary that were not conquered by the Ottomans were annexed by Austria (the rulers of which were Hungarian kings at the same time) in the West, and became the independent Principality of Transylvania in the East. King Matthias CorvinusTurks in Hungary(1526-1686)10-11-20108ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
BRIEF HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 3After the final retreat of the Turks, struggle began between the Hungarian nation and the Habsburg kings for the protection of noblemen's rights (thus guarding the autonomy of Hungary). The Austrians were finally able to prevail only with Russian help.In 1867, manage to become an autonomous part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Having achieved this, the Hungarian government took an effort to nationally unify the kingdom by Magyarisation of the various other nationalities. This lasted until the end of World War I, when the Austro-Hungarian empire collapsed. On November 16, 1918, an independent Hungarian Republic was proclaimed.Ferenc II. RákóczyKaiser Franz Joseph I.10-11-20109ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
BRIEF HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 4In March 1919 the communists took power, and in April, Béla Kun proclaimed the Hungarian Soviet Republic. By August more than half of present-day Hungary, including Budapest, was placed under Romanian occupation, which lasted until November. Rightist military forces, led by the former Austro-Hungarian Admiral Miklós Horthy, entered Budapest in the wake of the Romanian army's departure and filled the vacuum of state power. In June 1920, the Treaty of Trianon was signed, fixing Hungary‘s borders. Compared with the pre-war Kingdom, the size and population of this new Hungary were reduced by about two-thirds; about one-third of the Magyar population became minorities in the neighboring countries. Miklós HorthyTreaty of Trianon10-11-201010ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
TREATY OF TRIANON10-11-2010ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI11The Treaty of Trianon was the peace agreement signed in 1920, at the end of World War I, between the Allies of World War I and Hungary. The treaty dramatically redefined and reduced Hungary's borders. From its borders before World War I, it lost 72% of its territory, which was reduced from 325,111 square kilometres (125,526 sq mi) to 93,073 square kilometres (35,936 sq mi). It also lost 64% of its total population, which was reduced from 20.9 million to 7.6 million, and 31% (3.3 out of 10.7 million) of its ethnic Hungarians, who suddenly found themselves living outside the newly defined borders of Hungary.Hungary lost five of its ten most populous cities and was deprived of direct access to the sea and of some of its most valuable natural resources. The military establishment of the country was reduced to an army of 35,000.The principal beneficiaries of territorial adjustment were Romania, Czechoslovakia, and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.Difference between the borders of the Kingdom of Hungary within Austria-Hungary and independent Hungary after the Treaty of Trianon. Based on the 1910 census.
BRIEF HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 5Horthy made an alliance with Nazy Germany in the 1930s, in the hope of revising the territorial losses that had followed World War I. The alliance did lead to some territories being returned to Hungary. Hungary then assisted the German occupation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, occupying the Banat right afterwards. Finally entered World War II in 1941, fighting primarily against the Soviet Union. Following the fall of Nazi Germany, Hungary became part of the Soviet area , after a short period of democracy in 1946–1947. In the late 1980s, Hungary led the movement and shifted toward multiparty democracy and a market-oriented economy. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Hungary developed closer ties with Western Europe,Statue of Liberty, Budapest10-11-201012ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
DEMOGRAPHICS10-11-2010ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI13For 95% of the population, the mother language is Hungarian, a Finno-Ugric language unrelated to any neighboring language and distantly related  to Finnish and Estonian. The main minority group are the Roma (2.1% - 3.0%). Other groups include: Germans (1.2%), Slovaks (0.4%), Croats and  Bunjevcis (0.2%), Romanians (0.1%), Ukrainians (0.1%), and Serbs (0.1%).
PEOPLE10-11-201014ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
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10-11-201016ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
CULTURE & SOCIETY10-11-201017ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHINation of Horsemen. The Ancient Hungarians lived in the Euro-Asian nomadic pastoral region, where the keeping and use of horses played an important role in their lives.. Therefore it is not surprising that the horse and horse riding has a central place in Hungarian History, leading to Hungarians being regarded as the nation of horsemen.. Invitations to foreigners for horseback riding are not uncommon.Family in Hungary. The family is the centre of the social structure. . Generations of extended family often live together.. The grandparents play an important role in helping raise the grandchildren. . The family provides both emotional and financial support to its members. Get Personal. Hungarians expect friends to share private and intimate details of their personal lives. . If you ever feel you are being asked personal questions, this is simply meant as part of the getting-to-know-you process.. Hungarians will even enjoy sharing details of their romantic life with you!
ETIQUETTES & CUSTOMSMeeting Etiquette         . Both men and women greet by shaking hands, although a man should usually wait for the women to  extend her hand.. The older generation may still bow to woman.. Close friends kiss one another lightly on both cheeks, starting with the left cheek. . In the business context is safest to address people by their titles and surnames.Gift Giving Etiquette         . When visiting a company it is not necessary to bring gifts.. If invited to a Hungarian's home for a meal, bring a box of good chocolates, flowers or Western liquor.. Do not bring wine as the Hungarians are proud of the wines they produce. . Flowers should be given in odd numbers, but not 13, which is considered an unlucky number. . Do not give lilies, chrysanthemums or red roses. . Gifts are usually opened when received. 10-11-201018ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
Dining Etiquette         . Arrive on time if invited for dinner, although a 5-minute grace period is granted. . If invited to a party or other large gathering, arrive no more than 30 minutes later than invited. . You may be asked to remove your outdoor shoes before entering the house. . Do not ask for a tour of the house. Table mannersare formal in Hungary. . Table manners are Continental -- the fork is held in the left hand and the knife in the right while eating. . The hostess will wish the guests a hearty appetite at the start of each course. . Do not begin eating until the hostess starts. . Do not rest your elbows on the table, although your hands should be visible at all times. . Hospitality is measured by the amount and variety of food served. Try everything. . If you have not finished eating, cross your knife and fork across your plate. . Indicate you have finished eating by laying your knife and fork parallel across the right side of your plate. . The guest of honour usually proposes the first toast which generally salutes the health of the individuals present. . At the end of the meal, someone toasts the hosts in appreciation of their hospitality. . An empty glass is immediately refilled so if you do not want more to drink, leave your glass ½ full. . Never clink glasses if drinking beer. 10-11-201019ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
BUSINESS ETIQUETTESRelationships & Communication       . Although Hungarians are transactional and do not require long-standing personal relationships in order to conduct business, being introduced by someone they know and trust can often help. Hungarians pride themselves on using proper etiquette in all situations and expect others to do the same. . Socializing is an important part of the relationship building process. . Expect many invitations to dinner or cultural events. If you have the time, reciprocate invitations.. Hungarians prefer face-to-face meetings rather than more impersonal vehicles of communication such as letters. . Hungarians are emotive speakers who say what they think and expect you to do the same. . They do not like euphemisms or vague statements. . Hungarians often use stories, anecdotes, and jokes to prove their points. . Hungarians are suspicious of people who are reticent and not willing to share their innermost thoughts. . Hungarians view eye contact as indicative of sincerity and believe that people who cannot look them in the eye while speaking have something to hide. 10-11-201020ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
Business Meeting Etiquette. Appointments are necessary and should be made 2 in advance in writing.. Punctuality for all social situations is taken extremely seriously. If you expect to be delayed, telephone immediately and offer an explanation. It is considered extremely rude to cancel a meeting at the last minute and could ruin your business relationship. . Initial meetings are scheduled to get to know each other and for your Hungarian colleagues to determine if you are trustworthy. . Expect some small talk and getting-to-know-you conversation before business is discussed. Do not move the conversation to business yourself.. Do not remove your suit jacket without asking permission. 10-11-2010ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI21
Business Negotiating Etiquette     .Business is conducted slowly.      .Deals in Hungary cannot be finalized without a lot of eating, drinking and entertaining.     .Hungarians are very detail-oriented and want to understand everything before reaching an agreement.     .Contracts should be clear and concise.     .Contracts function as statements of intent. It is expected that if circumstances change, the contract will accommodate the revised conditions.      .Hungarians are skilled negotiators. 10-11-2010ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI22
Dress Etiquette. Business dress is formal and conservative. .  Men should wear dark business suits with a white shirt and tie. . Women should wear either business suits or elegant dresses,   complimented with good quality accessories..  Jeans are standard casual wear. 10-11-2010ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI23
Business Cards.  Business cards are exchanged without formal ritual..  Have one side of your card translated into Hungarian. . The Hungarian side should list your surname before your first name, Hungarian style.. Include any advanced university degrees on your business card.. Include the founding date of your company on the card.10-11-2010ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI24
LANGUAGEThe Hungarians speak Hungarian. They are very proud of their language, because one of the most unique languages in the World!GOOD MORNING!                          JÓ REGGELT!GOOD AFTERNOON!                      JÓ NAPOT!HELLO!                                              SZIA!THANK YOU!                                    KÖSZÖNÖM!GOOD BYE                                        VISZONTLÁTÁSRAEXCUSE ME/I’M SORRY                 BOCSÁNATYES                                                     IGENNO                                                     NEMRESTROOM                                      VécéYOU’RE GREAT                                 Ön nagyI LIKE YOU                                         SzeretlekI APPRECIATE THAT                         Nagyra értékelem, hogyDO YOU SPEAK ENGLISH?             Beszél angolul10-11-201025ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
WHAT IS HUNGARIAN FASHION?Hungarian Fashion Print  - ca 184210-11-201026ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
HUNGARIAN STREET FASHION10-11-201027ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
Renaissance  inspiredFashion performance10-11-201028ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
Parties with fashion-show for the regular customers in restaurants, that’s how some fashion shops introduce their new collection (Fanatiq, Mark & Spencer).   Layer clothing10-11-201029ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
FASHION BRANDSINTERNATIONAL       Christian Dior              Marks & Spencer(British) Fanatiq(multibrand)       H&M(Swedish)       ZARA(Spanish)Stefanel(Italian)Promod(French)       Mango(Spanish)Terranova(Italian) Orsay(German) Espirit       Jackpot         UCBLOCALAgressor,Devergo, Cassone, Keyo Paris, Saxoo London, Scotch, Thomas Jeans, Sandstone, RP, Sherpa and FandangoA MALL IN BUDAPEST10-11-201030ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
FAMOUS FASHION DESIGNERS                     Lucia S. HegyiTamás Náray10-11-201031ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
LIFE + STYLEHungarian innovative eco-car: Antro Solo PrototypeHungarian danceHungary joins the supercar race with the Brokernet Silver Sting10-11-201032ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
MAJOR HOLIDAYSNATIONAL HOLIDAY:  Saint Stephen's DayMarch 15 – Independence Day
May 1 – Labour Day, anniversary of the accession to the EU
August 20 – St. Stephen Day, Foundation of State, “The day of the new bread” as well
October 23 – 1956 Revolution memorial day (since 1989)
February- “Farsang” : Festival Season
Easter Monday-“Husvet” : Easter in Hungary
December 6- “Mikulas” :The Hungarian Santa
December 24- “Karacsony”:  Hungarian Christmas10-11-201033ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
GEOGRAPHYHills in Baranya countySunset by Lake BalatonValley of Zagyva River, Western Mátra MountsSlightly more than one half of Hungary's landscape consists of flat to rolling plains of the Pannonian BasinThe most important plain regions include the Little Hungarian Plain in the west, and the Great Hungarian Plain in the southeast. Hungary is divided in two by its main waterway, the Danube(Duna); other large rivers include the Tisza and Dráva, while Transdanubia contains Lake Balaton, a major body of water. The largest thermal lake in the world, Lake Hévíz (Hévíz Spa), is located in Hungary. 10-11-201034ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
TRANSPORTATIONThe Hungarian railway system is centralized around Budapest, the three main railway stations of which are the Eastern, Western and SouthernHungary has a total length of approximately 920 km motorways The most important port is Budapest, the capital. Other important ones include Dunaújváros and Baja.There are 43 airports in Hungary, including smaller, unpaved ones too with five International Airports. The Budapest Metro is the third-oldest  underground metro system in the world, and its iconic Line 1 (dating from 1896) was declared a World Heritage Site in 2002. The rush hours are between 6 and 8 a.m. and between 2 and 5 p.m. on workdays, when trains run every two or three minutes. Early morning and night trains run every 10 minutes.Keleti Railway Station, BudapestM3 motorwayDELHI-BUDAPEST: 7736KMAIRFARE: INR 44751DURATION 16h30min10-11-201035ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
MILITARYHungarian Armed  forces" currently has two branches: Hungarian Ground Force (Corps of Homeland Defenders). Hungarian Air Force10-11-201036ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
CULTUREArchitectureEtnographical museum, Budapest.Lánchíd bridge in Budapest.Museum of Applied Art:Wine & DineA nicely prepared Hortobágyi palacsinta served in SopronDobos CakeTokaji & Unicum10-11-201037ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
 Spa cultureRudas Baths is a thermal and medicinal bath that was first built in 1550.Lake Hévíz, It is the largest thermal lake in Europe.Herend Porcelain's "kinai" patternHerend PorcelainWoman's folk Costume10-11-201038ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
SPORTSOnly seven countries (USA, USSR, UK, France, Italy, China and Germany) have won more Summer Olympic gold medals than Hungary. At the all time total medal count for Olympic Games, Hungary reaches the 9th rank out of 211 participating nations, with a total of 465 medals.
Hungarians are also known for their prowess at water sports, mainly swimming, water polo (in which they have defeated the Soviet team in 1956) and canoeing (they have won multiple medals). Two major rivers (the Danube and the Tisza) and Lake Balaton give excellent opportunities to practice these sports. Some of the world's best sabre fencing athletes have historically hailed from Hungary.10-11-201039ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
MEDIAHungary's private broadcast media compete with state-run radio and TV. The state broadcaster has faced financial struggles, dwindling audiences and allegations of political influence from government circles.
Public radio services operated by Hungarian Radio compete with many private national and local stations.
Hungary's national and local newspapers are privately-owned, some of them by foreign groups and investors.
There were 5.2 million internet users by December 2009 (Internetworldstats). 10-11-201040ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
 The pressNepszabadsag - daily
Magyar Hirlap - daily
Magyar Nemzet - daily
Nepszava- daily
The Budapest Sun - English-language
The Budapest Times - English-language
HetiVilaggazdasag – political/business                                        weekly RadioHungarian Radio - public, operates Kossuth, Petofi and Bartok networks InfoRadio - private, news Danubius Radio - private Slager Radio - private Juventus Radio – privateHUNGARIAN MEDIATelevisionMagyar Televizio (MTV)- public
Duna TV - public, satellite channel geared to Hungarian minorities in neighbouring states
TV2 - private, terrestrial
RTL Klub - private, terrestrial
Hir TV (News TV) - private, news News agenciesMTI - state-owned, English-language pages Havaria Press- private 41
LEGAL SYSTEMThe Hungarian companies have made steady progress in the implementation of corporate governance codes. Hungary adopted the Act CXX of 2001 on the Capital Market, to ensure transparency, to improve regulations related to various participants in the capital markets, and to safeguard the investors and improve the efficiency of market supervision.• Hungary has a comprehensive legal framework that ensures ease in doing business. The judicial system has also been transformed into a four level system, with the introduction of the high courts of appeal in 2003 to its existing local courts, regional courts and Supreme Court.10-11-2010ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI42
POLITICSThe President of the Republic, elected by the members of the National Assembly every five years is nominally the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces and his powers include the nomination of the Prime Minister
He is to be elected by a majority of the votes of the Members of Parliament, based on the recommendation made by the President of the Republic.
The unicameral, 386-member National Assembly (Országgyűlés) is the highest organ of state authorityPOLITICAL PARTIES IN POWERHungarian Civic Alliance or FideszHungarian Socialist Party or MSzPMovement for a Better Hungary or JobbikPolitics Can Be Different or LMP [13-member leadership]10-11-201043ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
LEADERSPresident: Pal Schmitt (chief of state since 6 August 2010)Prime minister: Viktor Orban (head of government since 29 May 2010)Mr Orban, whose centre-right Fidesz party won a two-thirds majority in parliament in April 2010, previously served as prime minister from 1998 to 2002.Pal Schmitt  Cabinet: Council of Ministers;prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president; other ministers proposed by the prime minister and appointed and relieved of their duties by the presidentMr Orban has vowed to cut taxes and reduce bureaucracy10-11-201044ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
10-11-2010ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI45Hungarian Civic Alliance or FideszHungarian Socialist Party or MSzPMovement for a Better Hungary or JobbikPolitics Can Be Different or LMP [13-member leadership
POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS & LEADERS10-11-201046ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
ECONOMYHungary needs to reduce government spending and further reform its economy in order to meet the 2012–2013 target date for accession to the euro zone.The private sector accounts for over 80% of GDP. Hungary gets nearly one third of all FDI flowing into Central Europe, with cumulative foreign direct investment totaling more than US$200 billion since 1989.
It enjoys strong trade, fiscal, monetary, investment, business, and labor freedoms. Inflation is low, it was on the rise in the past few years, but it is now starting to regulate.
Investment in Hungary is easy, although it is subject to government licensing in security-sensitive areas
Foreign capital enjoys virtually the same protections and privileges as domestic capital. The rule of law is strong, a professional judiciary protects property rights10-11-201047ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN,         MFM-III, NIFT DELHI

Hungary

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    HUNGARY10-11-20101ADITI KALA &ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
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    10-11-20102ADITI KALA &ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
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    FACTS ABOUT HUNGARYEstablished:1001 (by King Stephen I.)Country name: Republic of HungaryLocal long form: Magyar KoztarsasagGovernment type: Parliamentary DemocracyLocation: Central Europe (Hungary occupies the low-lying areas of the Carpathian basin. Two-thirds of the territory consist of plains below 200 metres.)Neighboring countries: Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia,Area: 93,030 square kmPopulation: 10million (there are almost 5 million living in other countries who declare themselves as Hungarians)Esztergom – Hometown of King Stephen I.First Capital of Hungary10-11-20103ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
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    Capital: Budapest (2million inhabitants)
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    Official language: Hungarian“magyar” (a very special language, originating from the Finnougrictribe of languages)
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    Religions: Roman Catholic51.9%, Calvinist 15.9%, Lutheran 3%, Greek Catholic 2.6%, other Christian 1%, other or unspecified 11.1%, unaffiliated 14.5%
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    Climate: Continental withMediterranean and Atlantic influences (Average temperatures: January -2C (28F), July 23C (73F) )
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    Main exports: Machineryand transport equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals
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    International dialling code:+36Budapest - Building of the Hungarian Parliament10-11-20104ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
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    FLAG DESCRIPTIONThree equalhorizontal bands of red (top), white, and green; the flag dates to the national movement of the 18th and 19th centuries, and fuses the medieval colors of the Hungarian coat of arms with the revolutionary tricolor form of the French flag; folklore attributes virtues to the colors: red for strength, white for faithfulness, and green for hope; alternatively, the red is seen as being for the blood spilled in defense of the land 10-11-20105ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
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    WHO ARE THEHUNGARIANS?It is not (yet) known quite precisely. It seems certain they arrived somewhere from Asia.With regard to Hungary's location, world languages generally define it as: Eastern/Central Europe. This small country is one of the great survivors of history: states and empires emerged, expanded or disintegrated and disappeared around it. Hungary and the Hungarian nation survived the devastation of the Tartars and Turks, Habsburgs and Russians in the Carpathian Basin; survived the fact that it belonged among the losers of both world wars. The national anthem describes the Hungarians as "people torn by fate".10-11-20106ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
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    BRIEF HISTORICAL OVERVIEW1In the time of the Roman Empire, the Romans called the region Pannonia. After Rome fell, the Migration Period continued bringing many invaders. First came the Huns, who built up a powerful empire under Attila. The name "Hungary" may be influenced by the name of the Hun peopleThe Magyars migrated to Hungary in the late 9th century. The Kingdom of Hungary was established in 1000 by King St. Stephen I.Gradually Hungary under the rule of the dynasty of the Árpáds turned into an independent kingdom which formed a distinct Central European culture with ties to greater West European civilizations. PannoniaKing St. Stephen I.10-11-20107ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
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    BRIEF HISTORICAL OVERVIEW2The non-dynastic king Matthias Corvinus, son of John Hunyadi, ruled the Kingdom of Hungary from 1458 to 1490. He strengthened Hungary and its government. Under his rule, Hungary (notably the northern parts, some of which are in Slovakia today) became an important artistic and cultural centre of Europe during the Renaissance. Hungarian independence ended with the Ottoman conquest at the beginning of the 16th century the parts of Hungary that were not conquered by the Ottomans were annexed by Austria (the rulers of which were Hungarian kings at the same time) in the West, and became the independent Principality of Transylvania in the East. King Matthias CorvinusTurks in Hungary(1526-1686)10-11-20108ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
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    BRIEF HISTORICAL OVERVIEW3After the final retreat of the Turks, struggle began between the Hungarian nation and the Habsburg kings for the protection of noblemen's rights (thus guarding the autonomy of Hungary). The Austrians were finally able to prevail only with Russian help.In 1867, manage to become an autonomous part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Having achieved this, the Hungarian government took an effort to nationally unify the kingdom by Magyarisation of the various other nationalities. This lasted until the end of World War I, when the Austro-Hungarian empire collapsed. On November 16, 1918, an independent Hungarian Republic was proclaimed.Ferenc II. RákóczyKaiser Franz Joseph I.10-11-20109ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
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    BRIEF HISTORICAL OVERVIEW4In March 1919 the communists took power, and in April, Béla Kun proclaimed the Hungarian Soviet Republic. By August more than half of present-day Hungary, including Budapest, was placed under Romanian occupation, which lasted until November. Rightist military forces, led by the former Austro-Hungarian Admiral Miklós Horthy, entered Budapest in the wake of the Romanian army's departure and filled the vacuum of state power. In June 1920, the Treaty of Trianon was signed, fixing Hungary‘s borders. Compared with the pre-war Kingdom, the size and population of this new Hungary were reduced by about two-thirds; about one-third of the Magyar population became minorities in the neighboring countries. Miklós HorthyTreaty of Trianon10-11-201010ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
  • 18.
    TREATY OF TRIANON10-11-2010ADITIKALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI11The Treaty of Trianon was the peace agreement signed in 1920, at the end of World War I, between the Allies of World War I and Hungary. The treaty dramatically redefined and reduced Hungary's borders. From its borders before World War I, it lost 72% of its territory, which was reduced from 325,111 square kilometres (125,526 sq mi) to 93,073 square kilometres (35,936 sq mi). It also lost 64% of its total population, which was reduced from 20.9 million to 7.6 million, and 31% (3.3 out of 10.7 million) of its ethnic Hungarians, who suddenly found themselves living outside the newly defined borders of Hungary.Hungary lost five of its ten most populous cities and was deprived of direct access to the sea and of some of its most valuable natural resources. The military establishment of the country was reduced to an army of 35,000.The principal beneficiaries of territorial adjustment were Romania, Czechoslovakia, and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.Difference between the borders of the Kingdom of Hungary within Austria-Hungary and independent Hungary after the Treaty of Trianon. Based on the 1910 census.
  • 19.
    BRIEF HISTORICAL OVERVIEW5Horthy made an alliance with Nazy Germany in the 1930s, in the hope of revising the territorial losses that had followed World War I. The alliance did lead to some territories being returned to Hungary. Hungary then assisted the German occupation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, occupying the Banat right afterwards. Finally entered World War II in 1941, fighting primarily against the Soviet Union. Following the fall of Nazi Germany, Hungary became part of the Soviet area , after a short period of democracy in 1946–1947. In the late 1980s, Hungary led the movement and shifted toward multiparty democracy and a market-oriented economy. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Hungary developed closer ties with Western Europe,Statue of Liberty, Budapest10-11-201012ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
  • 20.
    DEMOGRAPHICS10-11-2010ADITI KALA &ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI13For 95% of the population, the mother language is Hungarian, a Finno-Ugric language unrelated to any neighboring language and distantly related to Finnish and Estonian. The main minority group are the Roma (2.1% - 3.0%). Other groups include: Germans (1.2%), Slovaks (0.4%), Croats and Bunjevcis (0.2%), Romanians (0.1%), Ukrainians (0.1%), and Serbs (0.1%).
  • 21.
    PEOPLE10-11-201014ADITI KALA &ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
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    10-11-2010ADITI KALA &ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI15
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    10-11-201016ADITI KALA &ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
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    CULTURE & SOCIETY10-11-201017ADITIKALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHINation of Horsemen. The Ancient Hungarians lived in the Euro-Asian nomadic pastoral region, where the keeping and use of horses played an important role in their lives.. Therefore it is not surprising that the horse and horse riding has a central place in Hungarian History, leading to Hungarians being regarded as the nation of horsemen.. Invitations to foreigners for horseback riding are not uncommon.Family in Hungary. The family is the centre of the social structure. . Generations of extended family often live together.. The grandparents play an important role in helping raise the grandchildren. . The family provides both emotional and financial support to its members. Get Personal. Hungarians expect friends to share private and intimate details of their personal lives. . If you ever feel you are being asked personal questions, this is simply meant as part of the getting-to-know-you process.. Hungarians will even enjoy sharing details of their romantic life with you!
  • 25.
    ETIQUETTES & CUSTOMSMeetingEtiquette . Both men and women greet by shaking hands, although a man should usually wait for the women to extend her hand.. The older generation may still bow to woman.. Close friends kiss one another lightly on both cheeks, starting with the left cheek. . In the business context is safest to address people by their titles and surnames.Gift Giving Etiquette . When visiting a company it is not necessary to bring gifts.. If invited to a Hungarian's home for a meal, bring a box of good chocolates, flowers or Western liquor.. Do not bring wine as the Hungarians are proud of the wines they produce. . Flowers should be given in odd numbers, but not 13, which is considered an unlucky number. . Do not give lilies, chrysanthemums or red roses. . Gifts are usually opened when received. 10-11-201018ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
  • 26.
    Dining Etiquette . Arrive on time if invited for dinner, although a 5-minute grace period is granted. . If invited to a party or other large gathering, arrive no more than 30 minutes later than invited. . You may be asked to remove your outdoor shoes before entering the house. . Do not ask for a tour of the house. Table mannersare formal in Hungary. . Table manners are Continental -- the fork is held in the left hand and the knife in the right while eating. . The hostess will wish the guests a hearty appetite at the start of each course. . Do not begin eating until the hostess starts. . Do not rest your elbows on the table, although your hands should be visible at all times. . Hospitality is measured by the amount and variety of food served. Try everything. . If you have not finished eating, cross your knife and fork across your plate. . Indicate you have finished eating by laying your knife and fork parallel across the right side of your plate. . The guest of honour usually proposes the first toast which generally salutes the health of the individuals present. . At the end of the meal, someone toasts the hosts in appreciation of their hospitality. . An empty glass is immediately refilled so if you do not want more to drink, leave your glass ½ full. . Never clink glasses if drinking beer. 10-11-201019ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
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    BUSINESS ETIQUETTESRelationships &Communication . Although Hungarians are transactional and do not require long-standing personal relationships in order to conduct business, being introduced by someone they know and trust can often help. Hungarians pride themselves on using proper etiquette in all situations and expect others to do the same. . Socializing is an important part of the relationship building process. . Expect many invitations to dinner or cultural events. If you have the time, reciprocate invitations.. Hungarians prefer face-to-face meetings rather than more impersonal vehicles of communication such as letters. . Hungarians are emotive speakers who say what they think and expect you to do the same. . They do not like euphemisms or vague statements. . Hungarians often use stories, anecdotes, and jokes to prove their points. . Hungarians are suspicious of people who are reticent and not willing to share their innermost thoughts. . Hungarians view eye contact as indicative of sincerity and believe that people who cannot look them in the eye while speaking have something to hide. 10-11-201020ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
  • 28.
    Business Meeting Etiquette. Appointmentsare necessary and should be made 2 in advance in writing.. Punctuality for all social situations is taken extremely seriously. If you expect to be delayed, telephone immediately and offer an explanation. It is considered extremely rude to cancel a meeting at the last minute and could ruin your business relationship. . Initial meetings are scheduled to get to know each other and for your Hungarian colleagues to determine if you are trustworthy. . Expect some small talk and getting-to-know-you conversation before business is discussed. Do not move the conversation to business yourself.. Do not remove your suit jacket without asking permission. 10-11-2010ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI21
  • 29.
    Business Negotiating Etiquette .Business is conducted slowly. .Deals in Hungary cannot be finalized without a lot of eating, drinking and entertaining. .Hungarians are very detail-oriented and want to understand everything before reaching an agreement. .Contracts should be clear and concise. .Contracts function as statements of intent. It is expected that if circumstances change, the contract will accommodate the revised conditions. .Hungarians are skilled negotiators. 10-11-2010ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI22
  • 30.
    Dress Etiquette. Businessdress is formal and conservative. .  Men should wear dark business suits with a white shirt and tie. . Women should wear either business suits or elegant dresses, complimented with good quality accessories..  Jeans are standard casual wear. 10-11-2010ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI23
  • 31.
    Business Cards.  Businesscards are exchanged without formal ritual..  Have one side of your card translated into Hungarian. . The Hungarian side should list your surname before your first name, Hungarian style.. Include any advanced university degrees on your business card.. Include the founding date of your company on the card.10-11-2010ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI24
  • 32.
    LANGUAGEThe Hungarians speakHungarian. They are very proud of their language, because one of the most unique languages in the World!GOOD MORNING! JÓ REGGELT!GOOD AFTERNOON! JÓ NAPOT!HELLO! SZIA!THANK YOU! KÖSZÖNÖM!GOOD BYE VISZONTLÁTÁSRAEXCUSE ME/I’M SORRY BOCSÁNATYES IGENNO NEMRESTROOM VécéYOU’RE GREAT Ön nagyI LIKE YOU SzeretlekI APPRECIATE THAT Nagyra értékelem, hogyDO YOU SPEAK ENGLISH? Beszél angolul10-11-201025ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
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    WHAT IS HUNGARIANFASHION?Hungarian Fashion Print  - ca 184210-11-201026ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
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    HUNGARIAN STREET FASHION10-11-201027ADITIKALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
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    Renaissance inspiredFashionperformance10-11-201028ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
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    Parties with fashion-showfor the regular customers in restaurants, that’s how some fashion shops introduce their new collection (Fanatiq, Mark & Spencer). Layer clothing10-11-201029ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
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    FASHION BRANDSINTERNATIONAL Christian Dior Marks & Spencer(British) Fanatiq(multibrand) H&M(Swedish) ZARA(Spanish)Stefanel(Italian)Promod(French) Mango(Spanish)Terranova(Italian) Orsay(German) Espirit Jackpot UCBLOCALAgressor,Devergo, Cassone, Keyo Paris, Saxoo London, Scotch, Thomas Jeans, Sandstone, RP, Sherpa and FandangoA MALL IN BUDAPEST10-11-201030ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
  • 38.
    FAMOUS FASHION DESIGNERS                     LuciaS. HegyiTamás Náray10-11-201031ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
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    LIFE + STYLEHungarianinnovative eco-car: Antro Solo PrototypeHungarian danceHungary joins the supercar race with the Brokernet Silver Sting10-11-201032ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
  • 40.
    MAJOR HOLIDAYSNATIONAL HOLIDAY: Saint Stephen's DayMarch 15 – Independence Day
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    May 1 –Labour Day, anniversary of the accession to the EU
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    August 20 –St. Stephen Day, Foundation of State, “The day of the new bread” as well
  • 43.
    October 23 –1956 Revolution memorial day (since 1989)
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    December 6- “Mikulas”:The Hungarian Santa
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    December 24- “Karacsony”: Hungarian Christmas10-11-201033ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
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    GEOGRAPHYHills in BaranyacountySunset by Lake BalatonValley of Zagyva River, Western Mátra MountsSlightly more than one half of Hungary's landscape consists of flat to rolling plains of the Pannonian BasinThe most important plain regions include the Little Hungarian Plain in the west, and the Great Hungarian Plain in the southeast. Hungary is divided in two by its main waterway, the Danube(Duna); other large rivers include the Tisza and Dráva, while Transdanubia contains Lake Balaton, a major body of water. The largest thermal lake in the world, Lake Hévíz (Hévíz Spa), is located in Hungary. 10-11-201034ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
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    TRANSPORTATIONThe Hungarian railwaysystem is centralized around Budapest, the three main railway stations of which are the Eastern, Western and SouthernHungary has a total length of approximately 920 km motorways The most important port is Budapest, the capital. Other important ones include Dunaújváros and Baja.There are 43 airports in Hungary, including smaller, unpaved ones too with five International Airports. The Budapest Metro is the third-oldest underground metro system in the world, and its iconic Line 1 (dating from 1896) was declared a World Heritage Site in 2002. The rush hours are between 6 and 8 a.m. and between 2 and 5 p.m. on workdays, when trains run every two or three minutes. Early morning and night trains run every 10 minutes.Keleti Railway Station, BudapestM3 motorwayDELHI-BUDAPEST: 7736KMAIRFARE: INR 44751DURATION 16h30min10-11-201035ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
  • 50.
    MILITARYHungarian Armed forces" currently has two branches: Hungarian Ground Force (Corps of Homeland Defenders). Hungarian Air Force10-11-201036ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
  • 51.
    CULTUREArchitectureEtnographical museum, Budapest.Lánchídbridge in Budapest.Museum of Applied Art:Wine & DineA nicely prepared Hortobágyi palacsinta served in SopronDobos CakeTokaji & Unicum10-11-201037ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
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    Spa cultureRudasBaths is a thermal and medicinal bath that was first built in 1550.Lake Hévíz, It is the largest thermal lake in Europe.Herend Porcelain's "kinai" patternHerend PorcelainWoman's folk Costume10-11-201038ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
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    SPORTSOnly seven countries(USA, USSR, UK, France, Italy, China and Germany) have won more Summer Olympic gold medals than Hungary. At the all time total medal count for Olympic Games, Hungary reaches the 9th rank out of 211 participating nations, with a total of 465 medals.
  • 54.
    Hungarians are alsoknown for their prowess at water sports, mainly swimming, water polo (in which they have defeated the Soviet team in 1956) and canoeing (they have won multiple medals). Two major rivers (the Danube and the Tisza) and Lake Balaton give excellent opportunities to practice these sports. Some of the world's best sabre fencing athletes have historically hailed from Hungary.10-11-201039ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
  • 55.
    MEDIAHungary's private broadcastmedia compete with state-run radio and TV. The state broadcaster has faced financial struggles, dwindling audiences and allegations of political influence from government circles.
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    Public radio servicesoperated by Hungarian Radio compete with many private national and local stations.
  • 57.
    Hungary's national andlocal newspapers are privately-owned, some of them by foreign groups and investors.
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    There were 5.2million internet users by December 2009 (Internetworldstats). 10-11-201040ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
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    The Budapest Sun- English-language
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    The Budapest Times- English-language
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    HetiVilaggazdasag – political/business weekly RadioHungarian Radio - public, operates Kossuth, Petofi and Bartok networks InfoRadio - private, news Danubius Radio - private Slager Radio - private Juventus Radio – privateHUNGARIAN MEDIATelevisionMagyar Televizio (MTV)- public
  • 66.
    Duna TV -public, satellite channel geared to Hungarian minorities in neighbouring states
  • 67.
    TV2 - private,terrestrial
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    RTL Klub -private, terrestrial
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    Hir TV (NewsTV) - private, news News agenciesMTI - state-owned, English-language pages Havaria Press- private 41
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    LEGAL SYSTEMThe Hungariancompanies have made steady progress in the implementation of corporate governance codes. Hungary adopted the Act CXX of 2001 on the Capital Market, to ensure transparency, to improve regulations related to various participants in the capital markets, and to safeguard the investors and improve the efficiency of market supervision.• Hungary has a comprehensive legal framework that ensures ease in doing business. The judicial system has also been transformed into a four level system, with the introduction of the high courts of appeal in 2003 to its existing local courts, regional courts and Supreme Court.10-11-2010ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI42
  • 71.
    POLITICSThe President ofthe Republic, elected by the members of the National Assembly every five years is nominally the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces and his powers include the nomination of the Prime Minister
  • 72.
    He is tobe elected by a majority of the votes of the Members of Parliament, based on the recommendation made by the President of the Republic.
  • 73.
    The unicameral, 386-memberNational Assembly (Országgyűlés) is the highest organ of state authorityPOLITICAL PARTIES IN POWERHungarian Civic Alliance or FideszHungarian Socialist Party or MSzPMovement for a Better Hungary or JobbikPolitics Can Be Different or LMP [13-member leadership]10-11-201043ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
  • 74.
    LEADERSPresident: Pal Schmitt(chief of state since 6 August 2010)Prime minister: Viktor Orban (head of government since 29 May 2010)Mr Orban, whose centre-right Fidesz party won a two-thirds majority in parliament in April 2010, previously served as prime minister from 1998 to 2002.Pal Schmitt Cabinet: Council of Ministers;prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president; other ministers proposed by the prime minister and appointed and relieved of their duties by the presidentMr Orban has vowed to cut taxes and reduce bureaucracy10-11-201044ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
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    10-11-2010ADITI KALA &ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI45Hungarian Civic Alliance or FideszHungarian Socialist Party or MSzPMovement for a Better Hungary or JobbikPolitics Can Be Different or LMP [13-member leadership
  • 76.
    POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS& LEADERS10-11-201046ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI
  • 77.
    ECONOMYHungary needs toreduce government spending and further reform its economy in order to meet the 2012–2013 target date for accession to the euro zone.The private sector accounts for over 80% of GDP. Hungary gets nearly one third of all FDI flowing into Central Europe, with cumulative foreign direct investment totaling more than US$200 billion since 1989.
  • 78.
    It enjoys strongtrade, fiscal, monetary, investment, business, and labor freedoms. Inflation is low, it was on the rise in the past few years, but it is now starting to regulate.
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    Investment in Hungaryis easy, although it is subject to government licensing in security-sensitive areas
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    Foreign capital enjoysvirtually the same protections and privileges as domestic capital. The rule of law is strong, a professional judiciary protects property rights10-11-201047ADITI KALA & ANURADHA SAJWAN, MFM-III, NIFT DELHI