Cymbals Research Paper

Cymbals Research Paper
In the earliest centuries of art entertainment, music was considered an expensive form of art exclusively for the upper class. As the art progressed,
materials that were used for centuries in other ways became common in the musical profession. From the beginning of time to modern day music, the
cymbal has progressed and improved to become one of the most versatile yet simplest instruments in any band. The progress of cymbals lies in part in
the hands of those who create it as well as the materials and techniques they choose to make it. The cymbal as the world knows it today began
thousands of years ago with multiple different uses and has evolved into its own art form mastered by few to invent thousands of cymbals seen in
multiple music scenes across the world.
The cymbal, a common percussion instrument, varies both in style and use simply by how it is constructed and the materials used to construct it. While
the common person would easily mistake a cymbal to be a very simplistic and elementary instrument of the percussion family, a cymbal's size, weight,
and even indention pattern can impact not only the type of cymbal, but also the sound it creates. Throughout the cymbal's existence, talented craftsmen
have perfected the art of cymbal making. Materials such as bronze, nickel silver, and brass are most commonly used to manufacture ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
" What You Need to Know About Cymbal Alloys."www.moderndrummer.com/2011/10/what
–you–need–to–know–about–cymbal–alloys/
"Beginners Guide to Cymbals." http://www.dawsons.co.uk/blog/beginners–guide –to–cymbals
Clark, Alan. Thomas Heflin. Jeffrey Kluball. Elizabeth Kramer. Understanding Music Past andPresent. Pp. 11. University of North Georgia. http:/
/ung.edu/university–press/.
Pinksterboer, Hugo. "5,000 Years in 3,000 Words Cymbal History." Drum Magazine, March 26,2013. http://drummagazine.com/.
Sibson, Jeremy. "Development of Percussion in the Orchestra 1700 to 1850." Academia. Pp.3.
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The, Music, And Music
Have you ever listened to music that makes you reminisce? Perhaps is is from the first boy band you listened to in middle school, or the old school
R&B or Soul that your father and mother listened to when you were a kid. For me, I draw the most happiness from the Caribbean music, namely
reggae, soca music, and my favorite, calypso. All of these genres for me, seem as though they take the most quintessential parts of living a happy
simple life in the Caribbean and present it to make time at the moment seem perfect, in one word. Steel pan music, which draws its roots from the
islands of Trinidad and Tobago, draws together the experiences and emotions of all of these music categories making it one of the most enjoyable
forms of music for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Close your eyes and imagine an early Christmas morning where the men have been up since 7 am 'limin' as they call it, or hanging out with one
another drinking, eating and being merry. In the background is the playing of Chutkaipan by Scrunter playing with the steel pan in the background
backing up his vocals every other verse. At the time, as a youth, I did not quite understand a word that he said, and to this day I still cannot really
understand, but in a way, in my understanding, it is Scrunter, just like many calypso artist rejoicing over food, music, and being merry with his people.
In my past notes, I alluded to the concept of simply enjoying the music and having a good time through the hard times and the easier experiences.
This is what my father and mother instilled in me from since the time I was a youth: all we have is our health, and that is not worth building stress
over. In a way, calypso music and listening to it in conjunction with pan has helped me build this mindset over the years. In car rides with them, they
would discuss life in Trinidad coming up with calypso music and how it has made them feel.
Coming up in Trinidad, my parents told me of the pan yards that surrounded their neighborhoods, from Tableland to San Fernando, the pannists would
beat drum in the yards all

Dizzys Club Coca Cola Essay
On April 16, the talented NY–based Cuban pianist and composer, Elio Villafranca, returned to the 'Jazz at Lincoln Center', after the 2015 performances
at the Appel Room, to present his refined musical project 'CinquГ© – Suite of the Caribbean', this time at the Dizzy's Club Coca–Cola, where he
previously recorded his record 'Caribbean Tinge: Live From Dizzy's Club Coca–Cola' dated from 2014.
The cozy venue, allowing us to contemplate the blue skies and tall buildings of Manhattan through the glass in the background of the stage, was
perfect for his warm work constituted by five movements that drank inspiration on Joseph CinquГ©, a former slave from Sierra Leone, who led the
famous 1839 mutiny on board of the Spanish ship La Amistad, a happening that many people must still have in ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Villafranca and his band kicked in at a mid–slow tempo with the first movement, 'CinquГ© – The Capture – Troubled Waters', superbly outlined
through a balanced groove adorned by the expected Afro–Latin outfit, slight classical intonations on the piano, and enhanced by inspired solos of both
Vincent Herring and Greg Tardy, who know how to catch us with their absorbing sound and improvisations.
The next movement, 'Maluagda – La Burla de Los Congos – Madre Agua', introduces the traditional San Luis' Congo chants by playing a musical
sample in the very beginning of the piece. Mr. Villafranca stands up and starts uttering the hypnotic calling 'Maluagda' while playing apercussion
instrument. The rhythm was gradually installed, and the sound, swinging between invigorating and lamenting, opens space to the improvisations that
intertwine with the consistent rhythmic basis formed by the dreamy piano, bass, and percussion.
Mr. Villafranca, always communicative, asks the audience: 'are we doing ok so far?'. The answer was affirmative, and with no more delays, the band
advances to the following

Babatunde Olatunji
The Nigerian drummer, Babatunde Olatunji, brought the traditions of African drumming to America while studying in New York, but it all started in
Ajido, Nigeria where he was born. Babatunde Olatunji was born on April 7, 1927 in Ajido Nigeria. He was born in the family of the Yoruba Tribe,
which was one of Nigeria's largest ethnic groups. As a teen, Olatunji moved to Nigeria's biggest city, Lagos, in order to attend school where he received
the Rotary International Foundation Scholarship. The scholarship was given by the United States in 1950 where Olatunji decided to leave home for
Atlanta, Georgia. Although he had gone to Atlanta to study political science, his interest inmusic continued to soar (Musician Guide). In 1954, Olatunji
graduated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While the rhythm sets the beat, the melody is the main creator of the characteristics. The melody sets the tone, mood, and the story behind the song.
Many songs feature complex melodies in order to tell its story, but the melody is quite simple in "Oya (Primitive Fire)". The melody is played by many
different percussion instruments, and begins in the second section of the song. At first listen, the song sounds more like different layers of rhythmic
patterns, but the combination of these patterns creates a distinct melody. Unlike in common western music, the melody is being created through the use
of layers and counterpoint rather than a solo instrument. This is very common in the ancient African music that Olatunji learned. The melody is
played in a pentomic scale, but because a lot of Nigerian drum music is improvisation, it is difficult to identify the specific major or minor scale.
The harmony is a harder concept to grasp in Olatunji's musical works because of the style of Nigerian drum music. Nigerian drum music is commonly
layers of instruments put together. Because each instrument has its own leading role, it is hard to hear which instrument is specifically harmonizing
with the other instruments. In "Oya (Primitive Fire)" however, the harmony is a bit more prominent; the harmony is played by the drums in section
two. In this section there are two sets of drums being played.

Supply Chain Simulation Essay
The Market
Jacobs Industries' only product is an industrial chemical that can be mixed with air to form a foam that is:
Lightweight;
Stable over a very wide range of temperatures;
A very efficient thermal insulator;
A very efficient acoustic insulator.
Jacobs sells its chemical to manufacturers of air conditioner retrofit kits. The manufacturers are all located in the region of Calopeia. They purchase the
foam chemical as a substitute for competitors' products. If Jacobs cannot ship an order within 24 hours of receiving the order from the customer, the
customer makes its purchase from a competitor without any loss of future demand.
The chemical is shipped in small plastic drums at a price of $1450 a piece. Demand for the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Capacity costs are incurred as soon as the capacity expansion begins. It takes 90 days to complete a capacity expansion. Capacity cannot be retired.
Production in factories is carried out in batches, where each batch is an integer number of drums set by you. The cost to produce one batch equals
$1500 plus the number of drums in the batch times $1000. For example, the cost to produce a batch of 10 drums is $1500 + (10)$1000 = $11,500.
The batch of finished drums is shipped from the factory to the warehouse as soon as production of the batch is completed. The drums can be
shipped either by truck or one at a time by mail. One truck can carry 200 drums. One truck making a trip from the factory to the warehouse costs
$15,000, regardless of how full the truck is. It costs $150 to mail one drum from the factory to the warehouse. Transportation times from the factory
to the warehouse are 7 days for the truck or 1 day for mail. There is no practical limit to the number of drums a warehouse can hold.
Both the costs of producing the batch and then shipping it to the warehouse are incurred as soon as production of the batch starts. If there is insufficent
cash to pay for the production and shipping of the batch, the factory will remain idle. Production of a batch is triggered when the finished goods
inventory (both en route to the warehouse and in the warehouse) fall below the order point, which is set by

Informative Speech Essay
Aaron Igel
Professor Doyle
Intro to Comm. T R 8:30 a.m. – 9:45 a.m.
01 October 2014
Drums
What is the absolute best sound in the world? Is it the crashing of waves, the sound of a V8 hemi, or the sound of a credit card being swiped and
approved? For a musician, in particular a percussionist, the sound of a drum set would be their favorite sound in the world. Today I am going to briefly
talk about the origin of the drum, the components of the modern drum set, and the benefits of drumming.
I) Percussion instruments have been used since prehistoric times.
A) Drums are found in nearly every culture in the world and have existed since before 6000 B.C. ("drum.").
1) The first drumming in drums history was a series clapping of hands and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
("How Products are Made.")
b) Hardware made of steel to hold everything together, some use plastic and wood for rims and stands. Snare strands also made of steel.
2) Cymbals, sticks, and heads
a) Cymbals normally made of an alloy of copper, tin, and low amount of silver. (hihat, crash, ride)
b) Sticks usually hickory, oak, and maple: plastic/wood tips.
c) Heads made up of polyethylene terephthalate. Come in coated, smooth coated, ebony, clear, and skins. ("How Products are Made.")
A) Todays modern components of the Drumset
1.) 5 piece drumset–general starter kit.
a) Snare drum: mounted on a special stand, placed between the players knees. Contain steel strands underneath it which produce its unique sound.
b) One or more tom toms drums, (high pitched short drums), mounted on raised stands without snares underneath them like the snare drum.
c) A hi–hat stand(set of 2 cymb.) , operated by the left foot. Also, one or more suspended cymbals are used (normally crash, ride). All the drums and
cymbals are hit using a drumstick, w/ the exception of the bass drum
d) Bass drum: Played by a pedal operated by the right foot. Low end, Deep, punchy sound.
e) The drumset is usually played seated on a drum stool or throne.
–– The most important factor in the quality control of

Personal Narrative: Percussion Instruments
A bad decision can be the thing that makes or breaks someone. In sixth grade, I nearly decided to go with my gut instinct and try out for a
percussion instrument for our school band. If I had gone through with this decision, it would have aimless. With the help of my former director, Mr.
Davis, I was able to realize that I had made a bad decision, and decided to choose another instrument: flute. This was the beginning of my musical
journey. I am now a flutist and a piccolo player who has joyfully played for seven years. Music has become the spark of my curiosity. Because of the
many possibilities in music, I developed the ability to think around problems. There are endless combinations of chords, key signatures, clefs, time
signatures, melodies, and rhythms all waiting to be attached to staves. As I begin to explore a minuscule fraction of these combinations starting from
sixth grade, my mind began to mature and grow more and more every day. Playing the works of different composers such as KУ§hler, Hayden, and
Motzart expands my musical vocabulary, my broadness of techniques, and my ability to practice. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Music has taught me the importance of order and balance. When I lead a group or a section, I know that the group can be incredibly strong if every
member gives one hundred percent of their effort. Leadership, however, is not always about directing others. The most important role of a leader is to
reveal the group's maximum potential by creating harmony between every

Drum-Early History: The Invention Of Musical Instruments
The Invention of Percussion
Josh Crowell
World Civilization 1
Brian Rafuse
April 6th, 2017
"The use of drums has been recognized as being able to put people into spiritual trances throughout history. The drum is a musical instrument with
great power and presence that gives the "pulse" or backbone to the music it is incorporated with." 1 This quote from the article The History of the Drum
– Early History, describes how much impact the musical instrument has on human beings, as well as the influence it has on the music it is performed
with. Seemingly, this makes the drum appear to have a major effect on society, and more so the culture during specific time periods as well. One of
the earliest known forms of these dates back ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As culture and society has grown, changed, so have percussion and the instruments used. When looking back, the impact drums and percussion
had on these peoples is unprecedented. As said by many artists and musicians alike, drums are the backbone of any piece of music or band. What
started as a simple object played with your hands has turned into a diverse, complex range of diversified snares, toms, bass drums, etc. Many
current percussion and set players today trace the roots of their art and style back to the time periods mentioned. African percussion items like the
djembe are still used in bands today, and are being produced and sold by the biggest brands in the drum industry. The instruments discovered in the
past have encouraged many of us, including myself, to take a look at what we used to play as a community, and how it brought us together or even
gave us hope, as witnessed during the Middle Ages. Percussion was a vital part of many cultures and now we hear it in everything: in the background
of a commercial, in the beat of a song, or even in something as simple as a song you're stuck listening to in an

History of Percussion Essay
Percussion is known to have been around since the beginning of civilization, in all cultures and all major civilizations around the world. In 6000 B.C.,
the first time of a percussion instrument was evolved, and it was simply anything that could be found that could be hit together to create a sound.
Percussion instruments have been used and associated with strong ceremonial, sacred, or symbolic events. For example, in Africa, drums symbolize
and protect tribal royalty. The drums symbolize a family, sharing the same blood and feelings. The drums were are used to communicate through the
villages and used as a type of language to transmit messages. In medieval and Renaissance Europe, the snare drum was used in the infantry to send
coded ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A region in western Australia accompanied dancing with scraping an idiophone, or rasp. Some other forms of percussion within the Aboriginal
tribes are beating bark or a skin bundle, or struck on the ground, boomerang clapsticks, hollowed log struck with sticks, lap slapping, rasp or
friction, seed rattles, single headed skin drum (struck with open palm or stick), stick beaten on the ground, sticks only, and thigh slapping. It is
apparent to see that the Aborigines did not need many materials to create a percussive sound to accompany their traditional dancing and singing. In
Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, Anklungs are used as rattles that have two or three bamboo tubes which are tuned in octaves. When you shake
them, the tubes slide along grooves cut into the rectangular frame and strike the bamboo or wooden frame. In many traditional cultures, the bell has
been used in the musical ensembles, just like the gankogui mentioned above. In each culture, the bell represents something different within the
contexts. It is made from a wide variety of natural and synthetic materials, like clay, wood, metals of all kinds, and animal hooves. There are two basic
kinds of bells: one in which the body may be closed at one end and open at the other (also known as "cup" bells), and one in which it may be entirely
closed and hollow, with a metal pellet inside (also called "crotals"). Some bells have

Operatic Compositions by Puccini
In Puccini's operatic compositions, atmosphere and local color played a very important role. Each of his operas is set in a different setting and this
gave him the challenge to experiment with harmony, rhythm and orchestral color. When Puccini composed Turandot, he almost became a student of
Far Eastern ethnography, ceremonies of Japan and China, and he also studied a collection of oriental tunes. All of these activities had a profound
impact on Puccini's compositions. Turandot is one of the longest of Puccini's works, a grand opera in the truest sense: an enormous, late–Romantic
orchestra with large percussion forces and on–stage band to support the story and its setting in China. The Chinese folk–songs Puccini used in Turandot
were used these tunes to give authentic sound in his opera. In addition, Puccini set exotic percussions, Gong and Cymbalum, to establish Asian
atmosphere and color.
Puccini borrowed the Chinese tunes in his last masterpiece, Turandot. The Chinese folk song in Turandot, which inspired Puccini, came from two
sources: a music box his diplomat friend Baron Fassini brought from China around 1920 and a book, Chinese Music (1884) by his friend J.A. van
Aalst. Puccini used the Chinese folk–song, such as "Moo–Lee–Wha", "Guiding March", "Oh, mamma! You understand me well" and unknown
folksongs, in three ways: He directly used an original folk–song as a melody; he varied an original folk–song and inserted it in a phrase; and, he
combined some of Chinese

The, Music, And Music
Have you ever listened to music that makes you reminisce? Perhaps is is from the first boy band you listened to in middle school, or the old school
R&B or Soul that your father and mother listened to when you were a kid. For me, I draw the most happiness from the Caribbean music, namely
reggae, soca music, and my favorite, calypso. All of these genres for me, seem as though they take the most quintessential parts of living a happy
simple life in the Caribbean and present it to make time at the moment seem perfect, in one word. Steel pan music, which draws its roots from the
islands of Trinidad and Tobago, draws together the experiences and emotions of all of these music categories, making it one of the most enjoyable
forms of music for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, and most important, are some of the effects steel pan and Caribbean culture has had on cultures around the world through the establishment
of the diaspora communities, Nations worldwide, no matter how far from the Caribbean have been able to gather around the cultures they group up in
through continuation of events such as Carnival and Caribana. Each, as an aspect of the paper shall demonstrate that not only does steel embody the
characteristics of the pannists who listen to and play the music. Correspondingly, it will show that the festivals help Caribbean people rejoice and feel
as though the culture is still wherever they go around the world, allowing them to "never forget" where they came from, and help spread the culture
wherever they go.
Close your eyes and imagine an early Christmas morning where the men have been up since 7 am 'limin' as they call it, or hanging out with one
another drinking, eating and being merry. In the background is the playing of Chutkaipan by Scrunter playing with the steel pan in the background
backing up his vocals every other verse. At the time, as a youth, I did not quite understand a word that he said, and to this day I still cannot really
understand, but in a way, in my understanding, it is Scrunter, just like many calypso artists rejoicing over food, music, and being merry with his people.
In my past notes, I alluded to the concept of simply enjoying the music and having a good time through both the

Chinese Culture Influence On American Culture
Music has always been an important factor throughout my life, it helps me when I'm feeling down and gives me some type of relief. Because of this,
it leaded me to take this course which ventured into different cultures and the music within them. I chose to go with the Brazilian and Chinese
ensembles because they were the two cultures I was least familiar with. Growing up my family had friends who were born in brazil and would tell me
stories of what it was like to live there, which has always had me interested in their culture. Also, while I was in high school I had a Chinese foreign
exchange student live with me for an entire semester of school and she taught me things about her culture I would have never known if I hadn't met her.
Growing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The capital of China is called Beijing. With a lot of people comes a lot of musical cultural. Chinese opera is very big throughout china and has been a
strong to their culture for many generations. Some characteristic traits of a Chinese opera singer would be that they performed dressed in costumes
and wear makeup while on stage. Opera singers are good at all the following: speaking, singing, dancing, miming, acting, and acrobatics. In these
performances, there were usually a male, female, painted–face male, and a clown. Females were not usually used in the performances so males would
play their roles. The instruments used in these plays were a small, two–string fiddle with a piercing timbre called the jinghu as well as another
chordophone instrument called the pipa. Other instruments are including in the percussion section like the gongs, cymbals, and wooden clappers. The
leaders of the performance use a drum called the a danpi gu. Another type of music in the Chinese culture would be the solo zheng style. The
conservatory solo zheng style was predated and influenced by several important regional styles of solo sheng music in the 19th century. The zheng is
related to other Asian board zither chordophones, which include the Japanese koto, the Korean kayagum, the Mongolian jatag, and the Vietnamese dan
tranh. The oldest forms of the zheng were consisted of five silk strings attached on a bamboo body, and over time the zheng transformed into many
modern forms. These new forms consisted of a wooden body that had sixteen strings attached instead of the original

The Origins Of The Percussion Family
Examining the Origins of the Percussion Family
To get a clear view of the origins of the percussion family, one should first have to the ability to classify the plethora of instruments. For the sake of this
document we will use the broad classification of Janissary instruments and non–Janissary instruments. The Janissary instruments find their roots in the
Turkish military bands of the Ottoman Empire. The term Janissary refers to the Turkish YeГ±i
–Г§eri, or "new troops". Sultan Orkhan I, of the Ottoman
Empire, created The Janissaries, but his successor, Murad I, officially established the corps circa 1360's CE. They were originally an elite corps of
troops made up of the Sultan's loyal slaves. The corps eventually picked up the use of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is most likely the influence of the Crusades that would have brought Arabic culture, albeit in a violent way, to Europe.
Timpani, as aforementioned, hold an intrinsically military tradition. Because of its use in the Turkish armies, the Europe borrowed the instrument in its
armies. These influences can be seen in the earliest uses of timpani. The timpani that were taken from the Arabs were made into an essential element of
prestige for the nobility. During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries both trumpeters and kettle drummer were restricted to only those of high rank or
nobility. This lead to the creation of an exclusive guild to train the instrumentalists. This lead to a surplus of players, especially after the last failed Siege
of Vienna in 1683 CE. Due to this surplus, the Classical period, when timpani were used on a regular basis, began to use timpani in a limited fashion. In
combination with the trumpets, the timpani mostly played rhythmically driving music. This is best observed in Handel's Messiah. During the
Hallelujah Chorus the trumpets and timpani can be easily heard playing the same material. This pairing is not coincidental, both instruments had a high
amount of military background during the time of Handel. So, the pairing would have observed that military tradition, but this military tradition
followed the Eastern custom of pairing trumpet with timpani. It is important to note that this trend among the Classical composers to use timpani

Caribbean Music History
The history of Caribbean music is directly correlated to the history of the Caribbean itself. That islands were invaded by outsiders whom inflicted
violence, slavery, and genocide. It comes as a surprise that Caribbean music is aimable despite this formative background. Blame it on Christopher
Columbus, the first European to land in this region in 1492. Based on Columbus's voyage, Spain claimed the entire region as its own. This displeased
natives or Spain's European neighbors; within a few years, bloody battles raged across the islands of the Caribbean, fought by Spain, France, England,
Denmark, and the Netherlands. All these battles, and diseases brought from Europe, decimated the native tribes knocking out entire cultures. Thus the
Caribbean was colonized as part of the various European empires. the native culture was further eroded when the Europeans imported African slaves to
work the sugar and coffee plantations on their island colonies. In multiple cases, the native cultures, and the native musics, were replaced with those
brought over from Africa.
The most important instrument in Caribbean music is the drum. Besides being the foundation of African music, which slaves brought with them to the
area, drums are inexpensive, simple and can be handmade. Nearly all Caribbean music possesses a strong beat created by drums. Most drums are
some version of the bongo or the larger congo, which is a smooth wooden drum that is played with the hands. Tassa drums are conical hand

What Is My Favorite Place Essay
Everyone has a place they go to when they need to be comforted or a place to feel safe. For some people it's their school, house, park, or even a friend's
home. For me, my favorite place to go to is the Fine Arts Building. Every time I have ever found myself in a situation where I was greatly upset or
felt unsafe I always ran to the fine arts building on UNK campus even if it meant driving half an hour. Music has always been a comforting thing and
that's what the fine arts building is all about. I can go almost anywhere in the building and feel completely at home. There are three places within the
building that I enjoy the most.
The lobby is the hub of the music building. It is the main place for people to drink coffee and chat. Everyone in the music building lives off of
coffee and almost anyone can be seen drinking some kind of caffeinated beverage.The entire building always smells like coffee in every single
room. No matter how far away the room is from the coffee shop. The lobby is always filled with people chatting or working on homework or
studying music scores. I know that I can always find someone willing to talk to me whenever I walk into the lobby. All along the walls are dark gray
couches with little end tables separating them. During marching season, there is always an iron and a sewing kit set out on one of the small tables.
The other tables are covered in other student's belongings. There are two tables centered in the lobby where there is always someone

Percussion Instruments Comparison Essay
The difference between a drum and a percussion instrument creates confusion among those that don't know the intricacies of both instrument
categories. While both instruments share similar characteristics, a drum consists of a very specific type of percussion instrument. Percussionists and
drummers learn very early on to distinguish the difference by identifying the specific characteristics of each instrument.
Main Differences
Drums fall under the category of percussion instruments. However, not all percussion instruments can be considered drums. Adrum specifically
requires the instrument to produce an indefinite pitch and applies to instruments that are struck with drumsticks, mallets, beaters or the hands.
Percussion instruments include any instrument that can be struck or hit with a mallet or that produces an extra–musical effect.
Drum Instruments ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Each of these instruments historically used an animal skin that was stretched over a membrane. The skin, or drum head, can then be struck to produce
rapidly developing rhythms, booming bass and help to drive the pulse of the piece forward. Drums must have a skin stretched over the top membrane of
the instrument. For this reason, drums are often referred to as membranophones.
Pitched Percussion
Pitched percussion instruments are also commonly referred to as barred instruments. These instruments include any percussive instrument that must be
struck to create sound, but produce a definite sound. Some examples of pitched percussion instruments are the xylophone, marimba, glockenspiel,
tubular bells and the celesta. Each of these instruments are commonly available in symphony orchestras. They serve to provide accents to the main
beats of a musical work and color melodies that double in the woodwind or brass section of the orchestra.
Non–pitched

African Music And Its Impact On The World
In today 's world most music we hear today is profanity such as rap or pop or basically any music in the united states. But there is one culture that
hasn 't changed that much but has stayed to their roots and is still popular today. That is African American music. Because of the rise of modern day
music in America such as rap and pop I want to show how African music has impacted the world today and stayed in their roots.
African music or better known as black music brought a lot of different types of music to America. Such as Afrobeat founded by Fela Kuti and many
bringing over a polyrhythm sound. One of the very first Africans to America were a variety of different ethnic groups with a long history of African
musical traditions. When arriving some were allowed to bring their instrument and other made new instrument. An example of this is the "Banja" or
"banshaw" now known as the banjo were one of the very first African instrument brought over and is still today being played and built in America. The
beginning of mainstream African American music began in the 19th century, "In the 1830s, the Great Awakening led to a rise in Christian
fundamentalism, especially among African Americans". At the time African Americans were slaves but during that time they started performing a
variety of spiritual and christian songs. Many of the songs were code for escape. By the 1800's the black populations has been growing and many
Africans American music was being banned they are a wide

Carol Of The Bells Musical Analysis
Bells And Buccaneers arr. Deborah Baker Monday
Have a yo–ho–ho holiday concert when you program this grade 1 pirate version of the classic Carol Of The Bells. All tricky parts from the original
have been adapted into a pirate style that your students will love! Easy rhythms and fingers will make it quick to learn. Set includes optional 3rd Violin
/Viola T.C. and piano parts. Duration 1:40. Kendor Playground StringOrchestra #8174, $45.00
Sinfonia (Overture From Messiah) arr. Janice L. McAllister
This great masterpiece is carefully edited to reflect bowings obtained from renowned Baroque specialists. These bowing styles will ensure an
interpretation that is true to the Baroque performance tradition of George Frederic Handel's time. This grade 3 arrangement includes optional 3rd
Violin/Viola T.C. and piano parts. Duration 4:35. Kendor Concert String Orchestra #10148, $52.00
Sonata In C Major arr. Gerald Felker
This Johann Friedrich Fasch piece, original composed for bassoon, has been performed by instrumentalists other than bassoonists for decades. This
edition for tenor trombone requires a skilled trombonist (grade 6) who possesses great dexterity with the slide. The tessitura has been carefully altered
so that it falls within a range that is more suitable for the tenor trombone, eliminating notes that were below the staff. Ttrombonist Gerald Felker has
carefully edited this piece so as to not compomise the musical integrity of the piece. Total duration

Tinx's Argument Analysis
There is an art to music that is unlike anything else. Given that a person ahs no impairment that causes them to be unable to make or listen to it, it is
the one thing, no matter the sound that every human can relate to. We dance, we sing, we just simply enjoy the melody of any tune. In the case of.
Despite my never being born in Trinidad, I have always liked and related to. Perhaps that is why I chose to play this instrument that originated from
where my parents are from. It is my belief that music is the one concept that has no color, and no discrimination that brings people together for the
sake of enjoying music and having a good time Following Tinx's fine advice from last time I was at rehearsal (Tinx. Personal Interview. 9 Feb, 20),
16 I walked around campus, listening to the music we played from the weeks before and beat my imaginary pan to the sound that was my respectively
in the sound. Being very new to the Steel Pan, I was not a pro, or even a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, when the band expands, it becomes less of a micromanaging situation, and more of a situation where the people within their own band
groups manage and themselves within the group (Chris. Personal Interview. 27 February, 2016). In addition, he described his love of athletes that
becomes apart of the group. "Sometimes, when you have all music majors who are all working to get better , it becomes a competition, because the
less people who are good, the more you shine. Yet, when athletes have worked with me in the past, they would always come in a little earlier, and
leave a little later, and help everyone out around them. It is that team mentality that makes a band good, not just the drive to be the best out of all of the
people in the group that makes the sound beautiful." (Chris. Personal Interview. 27 February,

Different Styles Of Traditional Thai Ensembles
There are two different, traditional Thai ensembles. Neither type of ensemble has a specific name, however, they can be easily differentiated by the
different types of instruments they use. One type of ensemble consists mainly of string and melodic percussion instruments (Morton, 1976). This same
ensemble is responsible for providing music for plays and other stage acts. The most well–known style of music that the string and melodic percussion
ensembles would perform is Pi–phat. This expression of music is distinguishable by its fast, flashy tempo and unique instruments ("Music of Thailand",
2013). Pi–phat is audibly recognizable by the pinai, a shrill quadruple reed oboe–like instrument which is always accompanied by melodic percussion.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The origin of xylophones can be traced back to Africa and several early Asian civilizations, but it is has a Greek name that means "wood sound"
("Percussion Instruments", 2015). It was greatly used in Thailand in folk music and traditional Thai music. Both traditional and folk Thai music share
similar characteristics; both use some of the same melodic percussion instruments, and among these instruments are xylophones. Xylophones are
melodic percussion instruments that consist of a series of wooden bars graduated in length to produce the musical scale, supported by belts of straw or
felt ("Xylophone", Merriam–Webster). These instruments are traditionally played by striking the wooden bars with two small wooden hammers.
In modern times, xylophones are used in ensembles around the world. A modern xylophone has its wooden bars, or keys, arranged like the keys of the
piano and attached to the bottom of the wooden bars are metal tubes called resonators, where the sound vibrates. The resonators gives the xylophone its
bright, bell–like sound ("Percussion Instruments", 2015). It is considered to have a soprano pitch due to its shrill sound. In orchestras, xylophones are
played with four mallets instead of the traditional two mallet method (Cherrett, 2011). They are also played using mallets of other materials rather than
the traditional wooden hammers. Xylophones can be played with mallets of different hardnesses

The Growth Of Drum And Bugle Corps
Taylor Turnpaugh
Eric Simonson
Musi 120
5 April 2017
The growth of drum and bugle corps in America
Classic drum and bugle corps are musical ensembles that descended from military bugle and drum units returning from the first World War and
subsequent wars. Traditionally,drum and bugle corps served as signaling units as early as before the American Civil War, with these signaling units
having descended in some fashion from ancient drum and fife corps. However, a modern drum and bugle corps are a musical marching ensemble
consisting of brass and percussion instruments, synthesizers, and a color guard. Drum corps perform in parades, festivals, and other civic functions, but
primarily make appearances in competitions. Drum and bugle corps have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These thirteen pioneer corps were unhappy with the strict immutable rules and regulations of the American Legion and the VFW (veterans of foreign
wars) who were the primary sponsors for the corps and shows at the time. The Thirteen DCI member corps found new sponsors, hosts, and appeared in
a hand full of competitions which helped to grow their popularity and build an audience. In August of
1972, the first annual DCI world championship competition was held at Warhawks Stadium on the campus of University of Wisconsin–Whitewater
with 39 corps from 15 states and one
Canadian province in competition. DCI has since constructed their headquarters in Indianapolis
Indiana, where the annual world championships have been held at Lucas Oil Stadium since 2009 and is charted to be the host of the competition
through 2028. From the thirteen founding drum and bugle corps which consisted of around ninety or fewer members per corps , DCI has grown to its
now forty–six member corps with a limit of 150 members per corps and an age range from
13 to 22 years old. The DCI organization has grown their audience from the small last minute audience at the first championship competition to the
over 400,000 fans that attend live events last year during the summer DCI tour, not to mention the fact that the championship finals were broadcasted
on PBS starting in 1975 and by ESPN2 from 2006 to 2007. Despite the finals sadly no longer being

Burk Drum Lessons
Learn, create, and perform––drum lessons at Matt Burk Music Studio are far more than just ordinary lessons with a washed–out teacher in a stuffy
room. You'll be happy to know that you can find drum lessons in Frisco Texas that will motivate, challenge, and inspire you, and while you might be
wondering if this is too good to be true, rest assured that drum lessons at Matt Burk Studio incorporate every element of musical learning in the finest
way possible. Our qualified and experienced teachers will ensure a fantastic experience for everyone by tuning into each student's unique learning style,
and we foster our students' own goals and dreams rather than trying to fit them into a box.
Our studio isn't content with giving students the same run–of–the–mill instruction they can find anywhere. We are passionate about offering truly
excellent drum lessons to our neighbors in Frisco, Texas, and that's why we focus on turning young drummers into complete musicians rather than
mindless machines with sticks. We instruct students on how to practice wisely and efficiently to stay both sane and healthy––because after all, quality
is better than quantity in music too. "Their progress can usually be predicted based not just on the amount of time they practice, but on how slowly and
carefully they do it," says Drummer Magazine. We tend... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Like we said earlier, it's because we want our students taking drum lessons to grow into complete musicians. One of the best things about music is the
social aspect, and a drummer is essential in creating a meaningful artistic conversation amongst musicians. The jam sessions will help our drummers
learn to collaborate with other musicians, and the other performing opportunities reinforce the whole reason we do music in the first place––to speak to

Analysis Of The Movie ' Dark Souls Ost '
Dark Souls OST
There was somewhat of a surprise for VGM listeners upon the release of the first trailer for Dark Souls, FromSoftware's spiritual successor to
Demon's souls. Even before any initial announcement was made, it was easy to recognize the work of veteran freelance composer Motoi Sakuraba,
his trademark compositional style being so integral. Known primarily for his virtuosic progressive rock compositions, Dark Souls was to be his first
fully orchestral work since the Baroque influenced Infinite Undiscovery nearly half a decade prior, and promised to be his bleakest – to match the
somber and sorrowful medieval inspired world of the 'Souls' series as previously defined by composer Shinsuke Kita. And there's good news for those
who may fear the presence of one of Sakuraba's frequent collaborators, the synth orchestra: all of the instruments are live. In addition, the grandeur of
the collection of strings and brass receive a helping voice from the surprise contribution of the Tokyo Philharmonic Chorus. So, let's listen and hear if
Motoi Sakuraba's step out of his typical area will stand up or stumble.
Motoi Sakuraba announces his presence with the grandiose opening theme "Prologue". Listeners familiar with the soundtrack to Valkyrie Profile 2 will
recognize the subtle build of harp and strings into an unlashing of full orchestral tutti. However, it's the next track that truly defines the bleaker timbre
of this soundtrack. "Firelink Shrine" is the piece for the

Essay On Kidzone
New York Philharmonic Kidzone There are many educational software's out there, but it can be difficult to find one that is user friendly, and teaches
or reinforces information. Kidzone, after the initial downloading period, was quite user friendly. This website was developed by Symphony Works
/Moon Road LLC, and is sponsored by New York Philharmonic with support from Beatrice Snyder Foundation. Kidzone organizes their website into 5
sections: game room, instrument storage room, dressing rooms, instrument lab, and composers' gallery. To get all the features out of this website, the
user needs to use Internet Explorer or Safari, and have Flash Player installed on their computer. This website is not mobile device friendly. The four
games that will be analyzed are Instrument... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This game is correct and up to date, and it does not touch on controversial issues or women in minorities. Instrument Frenzy does not teach the user
what the name of each instrument is, but it does make the sound of that instrument once put in the correct family basket. If the user makes an error, the
game makes a "spring" sound and throws the instrument to the side.
Quality
Instrument Frenzy is user friendly, and the instructions are clear and easy to follow. Toplay the game, the player moves Maestro2000 under the falling
instrument. It is not difficult to catch or release the instruments into the buckets. This site and game do not cost anything, but it is only offered in
English. It opens easily on Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, and Safari and it does not require the user to have Flash Player installed on their
computer. There is not a pause button, so if the player needs to pause for any reason, they will need to press the question mark to the side of the screen.
Value ofMusic Education
Missouri GLE's

The Voyevoda Analysis
What piece would you describe to be Tchaikovsky's masterpiece? First off, his first musical masterpiece is Romeo and Juliet. Luckily enough, the
text in chapter six flourishes with substantial information about the overture and its structure. After finishing Undine, Tchaikovsky wanted to do
another orchestral piece, and after having a walk with one of his friends, he decided to do a fantasy overture of Romeo and Juliet. Tchaikovsky
structured this piece using sonata form. This is unusual, since the text says, "It may seem odd that a composer, when turning a stage play into a
musical organism, should cast in in a form where musical events are unlikely to have any parallel to the plot of the play." (page 51) The piece
follows the emotions and the outcomes of the play so precisely that it is inseparable to Romeo and Juliet to this day. Many parts of the piece can be
heard to this day as a general theme of love. That is how masterfully crafted Romeo and Juliet is. This combination of unusuality and creative and
memorable melodies makes his fantasy overture of Romeo and Juliet his masterpiece. How would you improve the creation and composition of The
Voyevoda? After listening to the intro of The Voyevoda, I can see why Tchaikovsky despised this work so much he, "...destroyed the score forever. It
would only be reconstructed after his death." The first Act is very awkward, redundant, and bland. The strings buzzing like bees and like lawn mowers
back and forth in between a

Drumming Research Paper
Is drumming really difficult to me? In my opinion, drumming can be difficult at some times, and understanding the concept of drumming wasn't
easy at the start. When I first started trying to play the drums, I didn't understand how to do it. I had no idea that drumming even had different
styles and beats. It took me quite awhile to fully comprehend how complex it really is. Drumming is not easy at first, can be very complex, and
requires a lot of practice. Learning to play the drums was not easy when I first started figuring out how to play a beat. First of all, I didn't know
which pieces I was supposed to play. After observing another person play the drums, I saw that I needed to play the snare (like in a marching band),
hi–hat (two cymbals put together), and bass drum (the big drum on the bottom), and this combination became my first beat. Trying to play the bass drum
with the hi–hat and snare confused me. I was fine playing the snare and hi–hat, but I always messed up when I tried adding the bass drum. I ended up
having CJ play the bass drum while I played the hi–hat and snare, which lasted for over two months until I could play it myself. I was proud to finally
be able to play a beat, however I never knew about the many different different beats that you could play.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First, there are different styles of drumming. How I play can depend on different things, such as what the song itself is like. For example, one song
could have a repeating, simple beat, but another song could have a drum solo and super complex variations to the beat. There are also different speeds
or tempos for drumming. There may be songs that incorporate slow, easy–to–play beats, and there could be other songs that have very fast drumming,
such as heavy metal. Due to the varieties of drumming styles and speeds, it takes practice to get used to the different

Analysis Of Darius Milhaud, A French Composer
When Africans were sold as slaves to Central and South America in the 16th and 17th centuries, they continued to make marimbas there. The
instruments underwent further development on the American continent, especially in Mexico, Guatemala and Brazil ("Marimbaphone", 2003). In
these countries the calabashes were replaced by precisely tuned wood resonator chambers.
In Latin America, the name "marimba" refers to every kind of large xylophone with calabashes as resonators of the type that originated from Africa.
The name "marimba" was eventually applied to the concert and orchestra instrument that had been inspired by the Latin American model
("Marimbaphone", 2003). Darius Milhaud, a French composer, made the marimba popular and gave it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Steel Drum. The steel drum is a skillfully hammered 55–gallon oil barrel which has been carefully tuned by hand to produce perfect musical tones
("Steel Pan History", 2017). It was developed on the Caribbean island of Trinidad during the early years of the 20th century. Old rubbish tins, care
parts, and garbage can lids formed the first "Iron Bands", which led to the realization that a dented section of a barrel head could produce a musical
note. Careful refinement of this discovery produced the modern steel drum that is now often seen being played by street musicians.
Conclusion
Percussion has evolved throughout its history into what it is today. Melodic instruments have several origins, the two main origins being Eastern Asia
and Africa. In each culture their first intended use was for religion and war. Melodic percussion instruments, like most instruments, are now used for
less serious events than their original uses. Rather than being linked to war and religion, a majority of melodic percussion is used for entertainment.
Along with the change of melodic percussion's contributions in war and religion, comes the advancement melodic percussion has made for
entertainment. Today they are played in most places around the world in ensembles or even on streets during street performances. Although the
instruments belonging to melodic percussion can be played and enjoyed on their own, the main purpose of a melodic percussion instrument now usually
lies

The Musical Exploration Of Isms
Introduction
Mickey Hart once said, "Life is about rhythm. We vibrate, our hearts are pumping blood, we are a rhythm machine, that's what we are." Percussion is
one of the oldest instrument families and has grown to a degree of vast importance in all forms of modern Western music. Namely, this is because of
the incorporation of percussion into both academia and entertainment music. At first, percussion was introduced into Western Classical music during
the Classical period, as a means of getting exotic and unusual sounds for composers; however, the twentieth century works brought a unique gravitation
to percussion. Twentieth century composers, such as Edgar Varese and John Cage, helped pave a way for an era of music history marked by... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Janissary instruments find their roots in the Turkish military bands of the Ottoman Empire. The term Janissary refers to the Turkish YeГ±i
–Г§eri, or
"new troops". Sultan Orkhan I, of the Ottoman Empire, created The Janissaries, but his successor, Murad I, officially established the corps circa
1360's CE. Furthermore, they were originally an elite corps of troops made up of the Sultan's loyal slaves. The corps eventually picked up the use of
military bands, which was a highly esteemed military tradition. These military bands are even documented in a 1237 CE manuscript inscribed during
the Crusades, which depicts two "long trumpets" and a pair of mounted "kettledrums" with battle flags and standards. The date of this manuscript
indicates the Arabic and Persian heritages of one of the major instruments in the Janissary classification, the Timpani. In addition, the Ottoman
Expansionism throughout the 1600's gave the Western world a large amount of exposure to the Turkish military band music and instruments. Countless
militarily effective instruments were carried into Western armies, such as the Cavalry Kettledrums, or Timpani.
Figure 1: Mounted Trumpeters and a Kettledrummer (Persian, 1237 CE) Timpani was the first incorporatedpercussion instrument in Western music.
Subsequently, it evolved from a Medieval instrument called Nakers. The Nakers are

Culture And Influence Of Percussion Instruments In Western...
Culture and influence of percussion instruments in Western Jazz/Pop music?
Percussion instruments play a vital role in bringing the band or an orchestra together by providing mostly rhythms in the genre of Jazz and Pop form
of Music.
Jazz Drumming is the art playing percussion in Jazz style .The techniques and instrumentation of this type of performance have evolved over several
periods, influenced by jazz at large and the individual drummers within it. Stylistically, this aspect of performance was shaped by its starting place,
New Orleans, as well as numerous other regions of the world, including other parts of the United States, the Caribbean, and Africa.
Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the Western ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Jazz drums consists of 14 wood snare, 12" rack tom and 14" floor. 18" or 20" bass drums. The Drums are also tuned high to go after a much more open
sound where each drum can ring fully out.
Cymbal sizes are similar but again the Jazz drum set will avoid one–trick trifles such as splashes and crashes and instead go for cymbals that can sing a
hundred and one tones to suit their every need.
Technical Characteristics
Percussion instruments make sound by being hit. Drums have a hollow body that amplifies the noise of a stretched membrane being hit. Some
instruments are shaken, like the maracas. Others resonate when hit, like bells. Yet others, like cymbals, just plain make a noise when they're hit.
Percussion instruments can even be odd things like ratchets or castanets.
While different notes are not usually played on percussion instruments, drums are usually tuned to a specific note. They are tuned by tightening or
loosening the head of the drum. The tighter the drum, the higher the note. Some drums are also arranged so different pitches can be played. The larger
the drum, the lower the pitch. You can try this out with the four tom–toms below. Just click a drum to hear it. Note that bigger drums are lower than
smaller

Caribbean Music History
The history of Caribbean music is correlated to the history of the Caribbean itself. That islands were invaded by outsiders whom inflicted violence,
slavery, and genocide upon those that originally inhabited the islands. Its surprising that Caribbean music is aimable despite this formative
background. Based on Christopher Columbus's voyage, Spain claimed the entire region as its own. This displeased natives and Spain's European
neighbors which provoked a war that erupted across the islands of the Caribbean, fought by Spain, France, England, Denmark, and the Netherlands. All
these battles, in addition to the diseases brought from Europe, decimated the native tribes knocking out entire cultures. Thus the Caribbean was
colonized as part of the various European empires.The native culture was eroded further when the Europeans imported African slaves to work the sugar
and coffee plantations on the island colonies. In multiple circumstances the native cultures and musics were replaced with those brought over from
Africa.
The most important instrument in Caribbean music is the drum. As well as being the foundation of African music, drums are inexpensive, simple and
can be handmade with easily obtainable materials. Almost all Caribbean music acquires a distinct beat created by the drums. Most drums are some
version of the bongo or the larger congo, a smooth wooden drum that is played with the hands. Tassa drums are conical hand drums made of clay and
goatskin. Timbales are a pair of

Snare Drum History
A paradiddle is a rudiment used to practice accents and tempo on the snare drum. Once one learns the paradiddle, it could be identified in nearly every
rock song. However, without the snare drum, the paradiddle would not have that same groove that it does today. Meaning that music would not be the
same either. The snare drum is the catalyst for a clear majority of the music played today. The snare drum dates to as far as 6000 BCE in
Mesopotamia. Back then, it was simply a square piece of clay that could be hit with a stick. The idea of a strand on the drum did not exist until the
1400s with the Tabor at its prime. The Swiss and Ottoman empires used it during military expeditions. The Tabor evolved into what's known as a
"field drum", which is a larger drum that was carried by a strap. This drum still rattled every time it was struck. It wasn't until the 1600s that there was
a screw used to hold the cover of the drum down. This gave the drum the sharp and tight "snapping" sound heard today. It could be argued that once the
drum was made of brass, that's when it became known as the snare drum. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Why? Because there's nothing like it. It's typically a small drum, but it can have a variety of sounds that affect the tone and tempo of a song. The very
composition of the snare itself makes a huge difference. For instance, a triple–flanged hooped snare would ring longer, making the strikes, and rolls
more intense, or more melodic. Also, metal shells are more durable, allowing heavier rim shots that add a heavier feel to a song. Muffling the snare
can also incredibly impact the sound. Some drummers tend not to muffle it at all, leaving the sound to be pure and unadulterated. Some drummers
muffle the snare to the point where the sound is more felt and less heard. All types of snare drums serve their purpose as a staple in any drum kit for
many genres of

High School Percussion Instrument Review Paper
This study examines the impact of the high school percussion curricula on college students pursuing percussion performance degrees. Percussion in
general is utilized in elementary school for pedagogical purposes and is often situated within a concert or marching setting for middle and high schools.
Marimba is a type of a percussion instrument consisting of a set of bars struck with mallets. As illustrated by Eyler (1985), the development of the
marimba ensemble within university programs reflects the growing popularity of advanced marimba studies where students comprehensively study
traditional solo marimba literature within the context of the overall percussion studies. Morris and Thompson (1989), however, argue that solo
marimba and four

History of Percussion Instruments Essay
History of Percussion Instruments
There are few certainties about the percussion family. No one can say how many instruments it contains; few have agreed on playing techniques; and
few could name one orchestral piece specifically written with percussion in mind. However, one thing is certain, percussion has been shown over time
that it is not merely a matter of beating out rhythm ("
History of Percussion" 1). The family of percussion instruments is the first musical instrumentation introduced to the world. To this date there are
countless percussion instruments. Each group of instruments has a different ethnic origin and history in different societies. From the shallow drums of
fourth century B. C. to the giant cot ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mirlitons are those that the membranes are vibrated by the voice; some think that these are not true musical instruments ("Percussion" 658).
Many though think that these instruments are the most energizing and driving instruments of all musical instruments.
The history of idiophones dawns very early in civilization.
Clappers were the earliest forms of idiophones. The Sumerians used these clappers in 3000 BC. Later on, Phoenicia derived castanets from the
Sumerian clappers. The Egyptian temples of 1100 BC used cymbals in acts of worshiping their gods ("Percussion" 655). There have been bronze
bells found in India dated back to 1000 BC. These are one of the earliest forms of percussion discovered in physical form from India. Those who
inhabited
India also used musical cups, which were forerunners of the popular musical glasses. These musical cups were popular in India circa 800 AD. Western
Asia is responsible for the introduction of the gong in China near the sixth century AD ("Percussion" 656). Romans and Greeks used the increasing
availability of brass for their instruments. A cymbal was one instrument used frequently by both the Greeks and Romans. The Greco–Romans had an
increased need for concussion instrument. Bones became a popular use for concussion sounds ("Percussion" 653). Indians in the Americas were also
users of concussion instruments. They used different types of sticks
and

The Delivery Of Communication And Differentiated Instruction
Although using different teaching strategies is necessary in a differentiated music class, simply using them is not necessarily differentiating instruction.
I like to think of strategies as the delivery of communication and differentiated instruction as the specific individual implementation of strategies. For
example in a music class, one of my strategies of keeping students engaged is to use simple percussion instruments for developing rhythmic proficiency.
The differentiated instruction is provided by taking individual needs into consideration. For example, a student who is easily aurally overloaded, I
would hand that student a quieter instrument and/or suggest he/she use body percussion or ask them to sit where they feel comfortable in class relative
to the sound being produced. For younger children who are sound sensitive, I would suggest using earplugs or head sets. It is important to remember
that using a variety of teaching strategies is not the same as differentiating the instruction. In this case engagement was the overarching strategy and the
differentiated instruction was specific to each student while still keeping them engaged.
Differentiated Instruction is a student focused way of thinking of teaching and learning. It is important to establish clear and concise guidelines for
independent and group work, as well as movement within a classroom. I will also discuss guidelines in general that I would setup for these areas. In

School Marching Bands In The Band Of The 20th Century
"There are approximately one hundred and six different percussion instruments in the world (Hamby)." The bands of the late 1900s were starting to
explore with more diverse genres, more percussive instruments, and getting more creative. School marching bands became popular in the 1900s by
playing during halftime of football games, playing multiple of the same percussion instruments all in time, and getting various types of people to work
together towards one similar goal. Modern era bands, two thousands–present, have gone and created some of their genres with their percussion
instruments, switched to electronic drums only or with acoustic drums too, and have tried to throw–back to later times and styles of music. The use of
percussion in school marching bands, bands of the 1900s, and bands of the modern era very wonderfully in instruments and styles. Ordinarily, school
marching bands used different instruments, but used multiple different of the same type of instrument; and they would play a lot of the same songs
wherever they went. First, "The oldest marching band is from the University of Notre Dame and was founded in 1845, but first performed in 1887,
and the "Block P," created by Paul Spotts Emrick, was the first formation made. Spotts got the idea from seeing birds flying in a "V" formation
(Contributors)." Also, because they were the first marching band, they took longer first to perform. Second, "The size of the group and amount of
percussionists that there are all

Concert Review: Hoag Concert
On October 28, 2015 I went to the wind ensemble concert in the Hoag auditorium. It was a full house and the ensemble was fairly large. The set up
was nice; the lighting and speakers were set in a way that would not interfere with the audience's view of the band, and the stage fit the band
perfectly. I don't really have anything else positive to say about the concert; this concert was not as good as I was expecting and all I noticed were
negatives about the performance.
At first when they were on stage they were warming up and I feel like that should have been done before the concert started. I was confused at
whether their first piece was just a warm up or an actual piece because it was never introduced as one. It had a lot of pauses in it so I was unsure
whether it was some type of practice or if the piece just has pauses. I wish they had ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One thing that really bothered me about this piece is that the first chair clarinet player was tapping his foot at one tempo, the bass clarinet player right
behind him was tapping his foot at another tempo, and the conductor was at a different pace than the both of them. The conductor did mention it was
the newest piece they had worked on but I feel like it needed more practice. Throughout the piece the conductor had to remind the band that they were
supposed to be quieter than what they were playing, overall this piece needed more practice.
The third piece was "Incantation and Dance" by John Barnes Chance. The only thing I remember from this piece is a percussion instrument that
sounded kind of like rain drops to me. It felt a little out of place from the rest of the song but it still worked. After the third piece is the first time
anyone introduced any of the pieces being played that night. The conductor went back and told us the names of the first, second and third pieces long
after they were performed. I thought that was a bit inconvenient and out of

Exploring Pulse And Rhythm Age Group
MUSIC LESSON PLAN
Date: October 2014Title/Theme: Exploring pulse and rhythmAge Group: Year 2
Prior experience of pupils:
It is helpful if children and teachers have:
moved and danced to music with a strong pulse and a variety of rhythmic styles
learnt to recognize different speeds (tempo) in music
explored how words have a different number of syllables
developed skills through the activities described in Unit 3
Pupil Information: Child with Down Syndrome will have a teaching assistant working close by to them for support. With the support of a classroom
assistant a child with Down's Syndrome should be able to learn alongside their peers, and should be given every opportunity to form meaningful
friendships with peers, free ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Plenary
Teacher Led
Organisation of GroupNumber of Pupils:
28 Pupils
Organisation of Groups:
Class Split Into 4 Groups –
Castanets
Tambourines
Woodblocks
MaracasTeacher:
The teacher will oversee all groups but will give extra support to children who need it.TA:
The TA will work with the group in which the child with down syndrome is working within and will be there to support them and help them progress.

Curricular Links [spiritual, moral, social and cultural opportunities] appropriate to the lesson:
The unit links to work in physical education in dance. It also has a direct link to English in identifying syllables in words and composing sound
patterns. It provides an opportunity to learn information through chants, eg the months of the year. This unit also develops children's ability to work
together with concentration and awareness of others, and links to PSHE.
????????????????
National Curriculum Reference for the whole of this QCA Unit:
Pupils should be taught to:
use their voices expressively and creatively by singing songs and speaking chants and rhymes
play tuned and untuned instruments musically
listen with concentration and understanding to a range of high–quality live and recorded music
experiment with, create, select and combine sounds using the inter–related dimensions of music.
Specific Learning Objectives for this lesson which relate to National

The Interpretation Of Tempo, Dynamics And Expression...
The interpretation of Tempo, Dynamics and Expression through Instrumentation in three recordings of Vittorio Monti's 'Czardas'
Vittorio Monti's famous virtuosic piece Czardas has been arranged for many instruments over the years. Being a percussionist and having played this
piece I was interested in how this piece would vary in terms of tempo, dynamics and expression due to instrumentation. I chose to compare three
recordings: one by violinist Frank Kim accompanied by piano as this represents the piece as it was originally written for piano and violin. Frank Kim
performs it with a lot of expression and extremes of dynamic and tempo more typical of the romantic period; The Horseholm Percussion and Marimba
Ensemble which used similar ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Italian composer Vittorio Monti was born in 1868 in Naples. He attended the Conservatoire of San Pietro a Majella where he studied
composition and violin, as well as playing mandolin. When he was in his thirty's he was asked to conduct in Paris for the Lamourex Orchestra,
during this period Monti composed a number of operas and ballets such as Noel de Pierrot. In 1904 he wrote what is probably his most famous
piece, Czardas, which he based on the Hungarian folk dance called Csardas. Although originally composed for solo violin and piano there have been
many arrangements for numerous instruments over the years. Czardas or Hungarian Czardas is a national dance of Hungary for couples; it is written
in simple time and involves forceful syncopated rhythms. The dance starts off with a slow section called the Lassu and is followed by a fast section
called the Friss.
Monti begins his piece at a slow, broad speed marked largo this represents the lassu from the dance. In the violin (Monti, 2015) recording the notes
are very legato and there is a lot of vibrato to add extra expression, colour and phrasing to the music. In Cambridge Companion to the violin it states
that "vibrato was used...as an expressive ornament" (Stowell, 1992) and used mainly for long notes at the end of a phrase. Spohr states that there are
three types of vibrato: slow for sustained passionate melodies; accelerating for

Susan Botti, Jennifer Higdon, and Cindy McTee
This paper will discuss the works of Susan Botti, Jennifer Higdon and Cindy McTee, three women composers of the 21st Century, and how they
influenced composition with their tonal structures, melodic inventions, unique compositional techniques, along with innovations in notation, and
rhythmic intricacy. I will be analyzing Concerto for Orchestra by Higdon and Echo Tempo by Botti. Singer and composer, Susan Botti, studiedmusic at
a rather young age. Her musical training officially started when she entered the Cleveland Institute of Music as a high school student (Slayton 54).
She then graduated with a bachelor of music degree from Berklee College of Music (Boston, MA) in 1984 (Slayton 54). Once graduating from
Berklee, Botti continued her studies at the Manhattan School of Music (New York, NY), where she received a master of music degree in
composition in 1990 (Slayton 54). In 2000, she received an offer as the associate professor of music composition at the University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor (Slayton 54). While at Michigan, she taught with William Bolcom, Michael Daugherty and Bright Sheng. In 2007, Susan Botti left her position
at Michigan to move back to New York City, and began teaching, as a member of the composition faculty, at the Manhattan School of Music (Slayton
55). Susan Botti's Echo Tempo, is a double concerto for soprano voice, percussion, and orchestra. Botti's program notes for this piece state, "Echo
Tempo is a setting of Native American translations for

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