2. Table of
Contents
• What is cyber threat intelligence
• Threat intelligence cycle
• Applications of Wireless Sensor networks
• Advantages of WSN
• Disadvantages of WSN
• Usage of Localization
• Localization schemes
• Future Scope
Dept. of Electronics & Telecommunication 02/18
3. Idea behind the WSN
concept
We integrate three major components together which
are as follows:
1. Check: What going on inside the world.
2. Track: Locate objects where they are.
eg. In workstation to know the position of physical assets.
3. Trace: The ability of sensors to lock the history of their sensor
measurement.
eg. Inside a truck containing fruits from Delhi to Tatanagar can lock
the temperature measurements which can be traced after that.
Dept. of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering 03/1
4. Introduction to
WSN
• It consists of sensors which are small, with limited
processing and computing resources.
• These sensors work with each other to sense some
physical phenomenon and then the information
gathered is processed to get relevant results.
• It consists of protocols and algorithms with self
organizing capabilities.
Dept. of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering 04/1
6. More clear picture of WSN
Dept. of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering 06/18
Fig:2
7. Sensor Network
Applications of Wireless Sensor networks
Habitat
Animal Monitoring
(Zebra, birds)
Tracking
Health
Patient monitoring
Military
Enemy Tracking
Monitoring
Habitat
Animal Tracking
Business
Inventory Monitoring
Public/Industrial
Structural Monitoring
Factory Monitoring
Inventory Monitoring
Machine Monitoring
Chemical Monitoring
Public/Industrial
Traffic Tracking
Car/Bus Tracking
Military
Security Detection
Business
Human tracking
Environment
Environmental Monitoring
(weather, temperature,
pressure)
Dept. of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering 07/18
8. Advantages of WSN
1.It avoids a lot of wiring.
2.It can accommodate new devices at any time.
3.It’s flexible to go through physical partitions.
4.It can be accessed through a centralized
monitor.
Dept. of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering 08/18
9. Disadvantages of WSN
1.It’s easy for hackers to hack it as we cant control
propagation of waves.
2. Comparatively low speed of communication.
3. Gets distracted by various elements like Blue
tooth.
Dept. of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering 09/1
10. Localization in WSN
• Localization is a process to compute the locations of wireless.
• The main idea in most localization methods is that some deployed
nodes (landmarks) with known coordinates (e.g., GPS-equipped
nodes) transmit beacons with their coordinates in order to help
other nodes localize themselves.
• It consist of two types of nodes:
Beacon (Anchor) node:
It’s a node that’s aware of it’s location, either through GPS or
manual pre-programming during deployment.
Unknown nodes:
Nodes whose location is to be determined with the help of known
nodes.
Dept. of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering 10/1
12. Usage of
Localization
• Coverage
• Routing
• Location service
• Target tracking
• Rescue
Dept. of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering 12/18
13. Localization
schemes
1. Range-based Localization: uses the measured
distance/angle to estimate the indoor location
using geometric principles.
Eg. AOA,TOA,TDOA,RSSI
2. Range-free Localization: uses the approximate
distance between the anchor and unknown nodes.
Eg. HOP count based measurements like dv hop
Dept. of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering 13/1
14. Advantages and Disadvantages of Range based
WSN
Advantages
• Provide more accurate distance measurements.
Disadvantages
• Because of cost and limitation of the hardware many wireless
sensor networks applications do not prefer to use of range
based localization schemes.
• These techniques are not suitable for a large- scale sensor
network.
Dept. of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering 14/1
15. Advantages and Disadvantages of Range free
localization
Advantages:
• There is no need of extra hardware so it is cost
effective.
• These techniques are suitable for a large- scale sensor
network.
Disadvantages:
• provide only approximate values of distance
measurements.
Dept. of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering 15/1
16. Future
Scope
• More accurate: Sensors will become better at pinpointing their
own location.
• Smarter algorithms: Research will focus on creating clever
computer programs that can figure out where sensors are, even in
tricky situations.
• New tech like 5G and IoT: These technologies will make sensor
location even more accurate and efficient.
• Versatility: Location-aware sensors won't just help us track things,
but also enhance security and efficiency in various applications.
• Convenience and safety: These sensors will make our lives easier
and safer by knowing where they are and how to work better.
Dept. of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering 16/1
17. Conclusio
n
In conclusion, localization in wireless sensor networks is a critical
and evolving field that holds immense potential for improving the
accuracy, efficiency, and functionality of sensor-based applications
across various domains. As technology advances, the future of
sensor localization promises to be more accurate, versatile, and
integrated with emerging technologies, ultimately enhancing our
lives and making our networks smarter and safer.
Dept. of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering 17/18
18. Reference
s
• Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey on the State of the Art and the 802.15.4 and
ZigBee Standards.
Author: Ian F. Akyildiz, Weilian Su.
Published in: Computer Communications, 2002
• Localization for Mobile Sensor Networks: Challenges, Algorithms, and Trade-
offs.
Author: Yunmei Lin and Xiaojun Shen
Published in: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2006
• Cooperative Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comprehensive
Survey.
Author: A. Savvides, C. Han, and M. B. Srivastava
Published in: IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2005
Dept. of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering 18/18
