The cardiovascular system functions to generate blood pressure, route blood through separate pulmonary and systemic circulations, and ensure one-way blood flow through heart valves. The heart regulates blood supply by matching contraction rate and force to metabolic needs, and can increase cardiac output up to 500%. The heart has four chambers - two atria that receive blood and two ventricles that pump blood to the lungs and body. Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium while oxygenated blood enters the left atrium, and the ventricles then pump blood to the lungs and aorta. The heart contracts as a unit through its conduction system including the sinoatrial node, atrial and ventricular syncytia, and coordinated chamber contraction and relaxation

1. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Presented By:
Philomen Prem
MBA Pharma# 10
Under the Guidance: Sippy Sir
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Presented By:
Philomen Prem
MBA Pharma # 10

3. 3
Functions of the Heart
• Generates blood pressure
• Routes blood
– Heart separates pulmonary and systemic
circulation
• Ensures one-way blood flow
– Heart valves ensure one-way flow

4. Functions of the Heart
• Regulates blood supply
– Changes in contraction rate and force match
blood delivery to changing metabolic needs
– Most healthy people can increase cardiac
output by 300–500%

5. Chambers of the heart

6. Blood Circulation
 Deoxygenated blood returns to
the heart via the superior and
inferior vena cava, enters the
right atrium, passes into the
right ventricle, and from here it
is ejected to the pulmonary
artery.
 Oxygenated blood returning
from the lungs enters the left
atrium via the pulmonary veins,
passes into the left ventricle,
and is then ejected to the aorta.

7. Serous membrane
Continuous with
blood vessels

8. Coordination of chamber contraction, relaxation

9. The Heart: Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO)
Amount of blood pumped by each side of the
heart in one minute
CO = (heart rate [HR]) x (stroke volume [SV])
Stroke volume
Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in
one contraction

10. Conduction system of the heart
Heart contracts as a unit
Atrial and ventricular syncytia help conduct
electrical signals through the heart
Sinoatrial (S-A) node is continuous with atrial
syncytium
S-A node cells can initiate impulses on their
own; activity is rhythmic