The document discusses the connections between transportation and land use. It explores how transportation influences development patterns and travel choices, and vice versa. It also looks at the relationships between density, sustainability, and transportation modes in cities around the world. Specifically, it examines the links between density, emissions, and commuting by private vehicles versus public transit or active transportation in Canadian cities.

1. Land Use and Transportation Exploring the Connections Matti Siemiatycki, University of Toronto Margaret Wittgens, TransLink

2. Presentation Overview Introduction to transportation and land use interactions Present contemporary experience: From the nation to the neighbourhood Planning processes to link transportation and land use in Canada TransLink Case Study: Scale/types of projects Take home message

3. Why is there such recent interest in transportation?

4. Transportation and Land Use ‘ transport shapes city development but city form then shapes travel choices’ (Colin Clark, 1957) Mode influences travel behaviour Available modes influence development patterns

5. Transportation and City Form: A Historical Perspective

6. The International Experience Transportation and Land Use: Urban Density

7. Proportion of workers using public transit to get to work, selected metropolitan areas, 2006

8. Transportation and Land Use: Efficacy of Public Transit

9. Transportation and Land Use: Emissions by Transport Sector

10. Transportation and Land Use: Urban Wealth

11. Population Density: Occupied Dwellings Per Kilometre in Canadian Cities (2006)

12. Relationship between density and car commuting in Canada’s largest cities Occupied Dwellings per Square Kilometre Total share of Trips to work by car

13. Relationship between density and car commuting in Canada’s Medium Sized Cities

14. Relationship between Density and Sustainability of total Transportation System and Policy Occupied Dwellings per Kilometre Ranking on New Apple Canada’s Sustainable transportation System Index Source: GreenApple Canada, 2007; Statistics Canada

15. Relationship between income and car commuting in Canada’s largest cities Median Individual Income Total share of Trips to work by car Source: Stats Can, 2006

16. The Regional Scale: The Canadian Urban Experience Median commuting distance (in kilometres) travelled by workers in census metropolitan areas by period of construction of dwelling of residence, Canada, 2006

17. Commuting Distances

18. Commuting by Sustainable Travel Modes: an Issue of Equity and the Environment Job Sites

19. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Toronto Example (2007) (Source: VandeWeghe and Kennedy, 2007)

20. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: All Residential Buildings (2007) (Source: VandeWeghe and Kennedy, 2007)

21. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: All Passenger Transportation (2007) (Source: VandeWeghe and Kennedy, 2007)

22. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: All Residential Emissions (2007) (Source: VandeWeghe and Kennedy, 2007)

23. Transportation and Land Use at the Neighbourhood Scale

24. Transportation and Land Use: The Health Connection Land use patterns and transportation influence our health Car usage and suburban land pattern which encourages car usage has been linked with obesity related diseases Non-motorized and public transit encourage more physical activity, and have been linked to improved health More likely to occur in higher density areas

25. Transportation and Land Use: A not so obvious connection Transportation shapes land use, and individual travel decisions are also shaped by land uses Empirical studies have had a difficult time demonstrating universal linkages between transportation investments and land use change Difficulty demonstrating cause and effect Conflicting evidence, or disagreement on direction of impact Difficulty in generalising results or conclusions

26. Transportation and Land Use: A not so obvious connection

27. Responsibility for Transportation/Land Use Planning: A lack of integration Major highways: province Public transit: varies by city (city council; city crown company; regional authority; provincial agency) Land Use Planning and Approvals: municipalities Strategic land use planning (green zones/agricultural land reserves, etc): province