Currie2011
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This document discusses a case study of Postmedia's use of location-based content on Foursquare. It examines interviews with newspaper editors who placed editorial content as tips on Foursquare in 3 cities. The editors selected evergreen, feature-style content like opinion pieces, reviews and guides about specific locations. Successful content included a film festival guide, restaurant review and opinion piece. The findings show the newspaper content on Foursquare was not hard news, but was intended to inspire action and be useful over longer periods of time about events or locations for social gatherings.
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Postmedia's Use of Foursquare
Foursquare is a social network with over 6.5 million users that allows users to check-in at locations and leave tips. The document discusses a case study examining how three Postmedia newspapers used Foursquare to distribute editorial content. Interviews found that editors selected "evergreen" content like opinion pieces, guides, and reviews for placement as tips. The content was meant to inspire action and be useful over longer periods of time about specific locations or activities at locations where people gather socially. The study provides insight into how newspapers are experimenting with distributing news content through location-based social networks.
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Postmedia's Use of Foursquare
Foursquare is a social network with over 6.5 million users that allows users to check-in at locations and leave tips. The document discusses a case study examining how three Postmedia newspapers used Foursquare to distribute editorial content. Interviews found that editors selected "evergreen" content like opinion pieces, guides, and reviews for placement as tips. The content was meant to inspire action and be useful over longer periods of time about specific locations or activities at locations where people gather socially. The study provides insight into how newspapers are experimenting with distributing news content through location-based social networks.
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Ting tingchia
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- The most popular section, "Yoursay", publishes readers' comments daily, making Malaysiakini not just a news site but a platform for citizens' voices.
- Moving forward, Malaysiakini aims to strengthen bonds with readers by hosting events at their new premises, engaging readers both online and offline, and upgrading services and products.
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The document discusses several challenges facing journalism, including a decline in statewide issue coverage due to fewer newspapers and reporters, decreased engagement and voter turnout, and increased partisanship. It also notes structural economic problems in the media industry, such as the inability of the for-profit model to support public interest journalism and the difficulty of monetizing non-partisan content.
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This document analyzes levels of control and recognition of user-generated content (UGC) in online newspapers from 8 countries. It finds that while newspapers widely implement participatory tools, most accepted tools allow users to work on newspaper content rather than produce original content. Recognition of UGC is high through publication and options, but newspapers retain rights over content and rarely provide monetary compensation. Control of UGC is exerted through moderation and guidelines/rules of varying strength. The "citizen reporter channel" was adopted by half of newspapers studied but provides little guidance regarding principles or concepts.
Rasmus
Three journalistic online start-ups in Western Europe faced challenges in competing with established legacy media that also moved online, and in generating sufficient advertising revenue even with growing visitor traffic. The document discusses these challenges, provides examples from Germany's Netzeitung and France's Rue89, and concludes that survival is a precondition for long-term success for such start-ups in the current media environment.
Meraz
This document discusses how social computing and technology were utilized by citizens in response to major disasters and terrorist events like the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, 2005 London bombings, and Hurricane Katrina. It outlines how blogs, wikis, SMS, and tools like Flickr and Google Maps allowed for citizen journalism, coordination of relief efforts, and spontaneous self-organization of rescue and recovery tasks. The document presents several case studies and concludes that social software played a significant role in emergent alternative journalism and citizen-led disaster management responses through networked collaboration and technology-enabled self-organization.
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Benson
This document analyzes whether online journalism is becoming more "Americanized" or "Europeanized" by comparing elements of newspapers from the US, Denmark, and France in their print and online formats. It finds that while some cross-national differences from print are maintained online, many elements are becoming more similar, with some countries' online newspapers adopting more advertising and opinion genres like the US and others maintaining a stronger focus on news like in Europe. Overall, it suggests online journalism is not clearly following one model but blending elements from different nations.
Gingras
1) The document discusses many challenges facing news organizations in creating their future, including disruption from new distribution methods and the rise of niche players, changing audience flows, and the need for new approaches to content architecture, computational journalism, and organizational roles.
2) It questions whether new forms of in-depth and persistent journalism can be developed using tools and resources like computational reporting.
3) It argues that constant innovation must be embedded in the culture and DNA of news organizations to succeed in this changing environment.
Robinson. 2006
The document discusses how online news is altering the traditional authority of journalism as an institution. It summarizes research from interviews with editors who describe their mission as supplementing print newspapers but also creating an immersive "experience." The process is more collaborative and technology-focused. Relationships with audiences are more of a dialogue where readers can explore and contribute. The linear model of journalism delivering messages is shifting to a more circular model where authority is shared and knowledge is negotiated between multiple players.
Collins
In September 2014, Alex MacCallum formed an Audience Development team at The Times to ensure their journalism was reaching readers and bringing readers back repeatedly. In October 2014, the Brown sisters joined the effort. Their strategy focused on commanding attention on social media, connecting with readers, and using compelling examples to show and tell readers about new articles through repetition, while also learning from successes and failures. When implemented altogether, this approach helped make The Times' pages the most visited in 2014 and number one for social referrals.
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The document discusses UOL, a Brazilian online media company and the largest internet portal and content provider in Brazil. UOL was launched in 1996 and provides journalism, sports, entertainment and other services online. It has over 800 employees and 1,000 content channels. UOL's main shareholder is Folha, a major Brazilian newspaper, which owns 41.93% of UOL shares. While Folha and UOL have separate newsrooms, they collaborate on content sharing and some journalists contribute to both. UOL has over 17 million unique visitors monthly and is the top online advertising company in Brazil. The document examines UOL's business models and achievements but also raises questions about maintaining revenue streams and the impact of the financial crisis.
Blasingame2011
This document discusses how Twitter has changed television news reporting by allowing reporters and other newsroom staff to directly share information, often breaking news, through their Twitter accounts. It presents a case study of how Twitter was used to report on a triple murder-suicide in real time. The study also analyzed over 2,000 tweets from four local news stations, finding that while breaking news updates were common, promotional tweets made up the majority of posts. The conclusion is that TV news must embrace social media like Twitter to stay relevant as audiences, especially younger ones, increasingly get their news online.
Picard
Newspapers are facing challenges from new digital media that are disrupting their business models. While newspapers still generate a significant portion of advertising revenue, that share is declining as readers and advertisers have more options. Younger generations are accessing news and information differently online and via mobile. Newspapers must develop transition strategies like moving into new digital media while still defending their core print business to replace declining revenue over time. The key challenge is transitioning without sacrificing the existing print business too quickly before new digital revenues can replace it.
Katarina
This document summarizes research on media content curation and how it relates to traditional concepts of gatewatching and gatekeeping in journalism. It discusses how curation aggregates existing social media and traditional media content without creating original news. A study analyzed 450 social media curation stories from 2011 revolutions and found they relied on multiple sources, especially citizen eyewitnesses and their own contributions. The study also found curation uses various interactive features to quickly publish stories and allow open discussion. The research concludes social media curation is affecting traditional gatekeeping roles by opening input, output and commentary to all users.
Ting tingchia
- Malaysiakini has built a strong base of loyal supporters over the years by being one of the only independent news outlets in Malaysia not owned by the ruling party, filling the demand for objective reporting. This creates a sense of community with readers who share the site's ideals and have defended it against authorities.
- The most popular section, "Yoursay", publishes readers' comments daily, making Malaysiakini not just a news site but a platform for citizens' voices.
- Moving forward, Malaysiakini aims to strengthen bonds with readers by hosting events at their new premises, engaging readers both online and offline, and upgrading services and products.
Cairo
The document discusses two approaches to information graphics and visualization: presentation and exploration. In the past, graphics primarily presented highly edited summaries, but now with increased data availability, some designers simply present raw data without help for understanding. The ideal approach embraces complexity through both presentation for overviews and exploration that allows users to dig into details and draw their own conclusions. Designers should provide clues to help readers understand complex data.
Batsell2011
The document summarizes findings from a study that analyzed how millennials used iPad news apps. 28 college students were given iPads loaded with various news apps for 4 days and asked to rate the apps on immediacy, non-linear presentation, multimedia, and interactivity. Overall ratings for each category averaged between 3.1 to 3.7 out of 5. While some apps like ESPN ScoreCenter and the New York Times provided dazzling multimedia, most apps were found to be disappointing in terms of immediacy, navigation, and interactivity. The study concluded that the first generation of iPad news apps were not immediate or engaging enough for millennials, who generally prefer websites over apps.
Espen2011
The document discusses how one newspaper allocates 10% of its journalists' work time to interact with readers on social media in order to improve the quality and relevance of their reporting. By directly engaging with readers, the journalists are able to get feedback, corrections, additional information and perspectives that help strengthen their content. This level of interaction has also increased the newspaper's traffic, with 76% of Norwegians visiting their site in February and 87% of visits coming directly to the homepage.
Boyer
The document appears to contain random words and images without a clear topic or narrative. It references sexy people, expresses dismay with "O NOES CRACK", and includes a broken image link. The fragmented content makes it difficult to derive an informative summary.
Groves
The document discusses WellCommons.com, a news website that aims to break down barriers between journalists and the community. It analyzes content posted on the site from April 2010 to February 2012, including 705 posts that were categorized by story type, 1,137 users that were analyzed by profession and identity, and 6,408 interactions that were examined by posts, reposts and comments. It also discusses how the site allows community members to post news themselves and how the community can then decide what is worth reading, as opposed to editors deciding on newsworthiness.
Avery
This document summarizes a study that examined Twitter users' motivations for sharing links. The researchers conducted a survey of 396 Twitter users to measure eight potential motives for link sharing: information seeking, information sharing, interpersonal utility, convenience and entertainment, passing time, social support, control, and promoting work. Through factor analysis, they identified six categorical motives: information seeking, information sharing, interpersonal utility, convenience and entertainment, passing time, and control and promoting work. The results showed information sharing was the most salient motive, and information sharing correlated most strongly with control/promoting work and convenience/entertainment. Regression analysis found control/promoting work and information seeking were significant predictors of higher link-sharing frequency, while
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Scanned by CamScannerWeek 4 Data Collection Choosing S.docx
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Week 4: Data Collection: Choosing Sources
(People, Places, and Things)
The research team met again to consider data sources. A research consultant facilitated the discussion and identified issues to be addressed in order for the results to be credible. Three key areas needed further study before they went into the field. These areas included:
1. How is the program positioned in the community, particularly regarding trust, diversity, and access? (Or as one team member said, “How do we see ‘them’? And, how do we think they ‘see’ us?”)
This issue initiated an action plan for an organizational self-study to produce reflexive data before, during, and after field data collection.
2. What data sources would best answer the research questions?
Multiple sources, including families who had used program services as well as those that did not; field observations (going out into neighborhoods to become acquainted with local, non-professional resources); and the materials collected from the self-study.
3. How many participants should be included in the sample?The consultant clarified that the purpose of the sample was not to generalize to the target population—so bigger is not better. Rather, the team was encouraged to focus on selecting typical cases—homogenous, sub-groups—in order to efficiently saturate and develop a “solid understanding” (Guest, Bunce & Johnson, 2006, p. 77) of the phenomenon of the childcare experience in this community. The saturation goal means that the sample process is emergent and may change as the data become available.
As you can see in the ongoing scenario, before venturing out into the field, researchers must consider how they will manage credibility of the data. As a qualitative researcher, you too will have to address the sources of data as well as your credibility.
For this week, you will examine research questions, explore qualitative research design, and consider purposeful sampling and saturation as a qualitative researcher.
Learning Objectives
Students will:
· Evaluate research related to qualitative research design
· Evaluate purposeful sampling related to qualitative research design
· Evaluate saturation related to qualitative research design
· Demonstrate the skills needed to create research topics in qualitative research
· Demonstrate the skills needed to create field notes from observations of a video
Learning Resources
1. Ravitch, S. M., & Carl, N. M. (2016). Qualitative research: Bridging the conceptual, theoretical, and methodological. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
· Chapter 4, “Design and Reflexivity in Data Collection” (pp. 111–144)
· Table 4.3, “Purposeful Sampling Strategies” (pp. 129–137)
2. Rubin, H. J., & Rubin, I. S. (2012). Qualitative interviewing: The art of hearing data (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
· Chapter 3, “Qualitative Data-Gathering Methods and Style” (previously read in Week 3)
3. Patton, M. Q. (2015). Chapter 5, Module 30: Purpose.
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- 2. Foursquare Social network 6.5 million users Smartphone app tied to GPS Users leave tips at a location Users can indicate they have “done” tips Game-like experience 2/7
- 3. The Study Interviews with editors placing editorial content as tips 3 Postmedia newspapers: National Post, Edmonton Journal, Vancouver Sun RQ1: What criteria have editors used to select content for Foursquare? RQ2: How have the editors produced this content? Theory: Gatekeeping 3/7
- 4. Uses Q: What content was successful? 1. Film festival guide 2. Restaurant review 3. Opinion piece 4/7
- 5. Findings Q: How would you characterize the editorial content you place in Foursquare? “Not hard-core news” “Evergreen” “Feature-y” “Useful to people over a longer period of time” “Opinion” 5/7
- 6. Findings Newspaper content placed in Foursquare was: An opinion, review, guide or first-person account Described with the goal of inspiring action Timeless — or about an event of 2+ days About a specific location or an activity done at a specific type of location Placed at a location where people gather socially 6/7
- 7. Implications News on mobile devices is the future Foursquare is just one of many distribution channels Content tied to social nature of the tool 7/7
Editor's Notes
- Study looked a very specific thing done by a small number of editors in North America: Tying editorial content to location using the social network Foursquare People at a location “check in” to a place & can read tips left by others. They indicate that they have “Done” a tip or add the tip to their “To-Do” list News organizations are using it to distribute their editorial content as tips on locations, which Foursquare calls venues. If you follow a user, they will also see their tips pop up when you are nearby the place where they left the tips News organizations using this to distribute restaurant reviews — and other types of content