Connaway, Lynn Silipigni. 2017. "Capturing the Behaviors of the Elusive User: Strategies for Library Ethnography." Presented at the IFLA World Library and Information Congress 2017, 83rd IFLA General Conference and Assembly, Wrocław, Poland, August 22.
Find out how to translate a written document into an oral presentation and uncover creative ideas to maximize your communication of findings using NVivo in the defense of your dissertation.
Presentation by Jackie Oliver and Julie Archibald at the Northern Collaboration User Experience (UX) Learning Exchange held at the University of Huddersfield on 17 March 2017
New ways of seeing: Understanding individuals on their terms.Lynn Connaway
Connaway, L. S. (2019). New ways of seeing: Understanding individuals on their terms. Workshop presented at the ALIA Information Online 2019 Conference, February 11, 2019, Sydney, Australia.
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This file is from OCLC. For embedding into a blog post, I upload it to slideshare.
Sorce: http://www.oclc.org/en-US/events/2013/CollectiveInsightSeries/CollectiveInsight_LA_Region_131015.html
Find strategies for your dissertation when it comes to handling data that honor principles such as informed consent and the protection of identities. And see examples of the way NVivo can be discussed in an IRB approval.
In this presentation I discuss a research study that I designed and am currently in the process of carrying out. For the purposes of this session, my focus is primarily on the process of designing and carrying out the study and on conducting preliminary analysis rather than on the subject and findings of the study. The study I designed was selected for the Institute of Research Design in Librarianship (IRDL) last summer, and I would also discuss some of the research design principles and resources that I learned about while attending that institute, as well as some of the challenges I encountered and lessons learned during the process of carrying out the study here at Cornell.
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Find out how to translate a written document into an oral presentation and uncover creative ideas to maximize your communication of findings using NVivo in the defense of your dissertation.
Presentation by Jackie Oliver and Julie Archibald at the Northern Collaboration User Experience (UX) Learning Exchange held at the University of Huddersfield on 17 March 2017
New ways of seeing: Understanding individuals on their terms.Lynn Connaway
Connaway, L. S. (2019). New ways of seeing: Understanding individuals on their terms. Workshop presented at the ALIA Information Online 2019 Conference, February 11, 2019, Sydney, Australia.
Bridging the Gap: Encouraging Engagement with Library Services and TechnologiesTed Lin (林泰宏)
This file is from OCLC. For embedding into a blog post, I upload it to slideshare.
Sorce: http://www.oclc.org/en-US/events/2013/CollectiveInsightSeries/CollectiveInsight_LA_Region_131015.html
Find strategies for your dissertation when it comes to handling data that honor principles such as informed consent and the protection of identities. And see examples of the way NVivo can be discussed in an IRB approval.
In this presentation I discuss a research study that I designed and am currently in the process of carrying out. For the purposes of this session, my focus is primarily on the process of designing and carrying out the study and on conducting preliminary analysis rather than on the subject and findings of the study. The study I designed was selected for the Institute of Research Design in Librarianship (IRDL) last summer, and I would also discuss some of the research design principles and resources that I learned about while attending that institute, as well as some of the challenges I encountered and lessons learned during the process of carrying out the study here at Cornell.
A workshop for academic librarians on using qualitative methods for user assessment and research in the library. Part 2 focuses on exploring the range of ethnographic methods and framework available to researchers.
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Presented at WILU 2014 at Western University, London, Ontario by Sophie Bury, Dana Craig, and Sarah Shujah
This presentation provides the fundamentals about open access as part of the broader open agenda and locating it within changing scholarly communication and new forms of research dissemination. Adds a developing country perspective.
Understand the NVivo tools specifically designed for team research as well as the implications regarding the use of other NVivo tools that tend to be used in solo research projects, but may take on new implications in team settings.
Studying information behavior: The Many Faces of Digital Visitors and ResidentsLynn Connaway
Connaway, L. S. (2018). Studying information behavior: The Many Faces of Digital Visitors and Residents. Presented at Bar-Ilan University, March 11, 2018, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Studying information behavior: The Many Faces of Digital Visitors and ResidentsOCLC
Connaway, L. S. (2018). Studying information behavior: The Many Faces of Digital Visitors and Residents. Presented at Bar-Ilan University, March 11, 2018, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Research Methods in Library and Information Science: Trends and Tips for Rese...OCLC
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni. 2017. "Research Methods in Library and Information Science: Trends and Tips for Researchers, Students, & Professionals." Presented at the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, March 31, 2017.
Research Methods in Library and Information Science: Trends and Tips for Rese...Lynn Connaway
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni. 2017. "Research Methods in Library and Information Science: Trends and Tips for Researchers, Students, & Professionals." Presented at the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, March 31, 2017.
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Supporting the Interpretation of Enriched Audiovisual Sources through Tempora...TimelessFuture
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Using Qualitative Methods for Library Evaluation: An Interactive WorkshopOCLC
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Using Qualitative Methods for Library Evaluation: An Interactive WorkshopLynn Connaway
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni, and Marie L. Radford. 2016. "Using Qualitative Methods for Library Evaluation: An Interactive Workshop." Presented at the Libraries in the Digital Age (LIDA) Conference, Zadar, Croatia, June 14.
The Role of an Information Literacy Award as part of an Undergraduate Researc...sshujah
Digging Deeper: The Role of an Information Literacy Award as part of an Undergraduate Research Fair to Profile and E-valuate Students' Information Literacy Skills at York University
Presented at WILU 2014 at Western University, London, Ontario by Sophie Bury, Dana Craig, and Sarah Shujah
This presentation provides the fundamentals about open access as part of the broader open agenda and locating it within changing scholarly communication and new forms of research dissemination. Adds a developing country perspective.
Understand the NVivo tools specifically designed for team research as well as the implications regarding the use of other NVivo tools that tend to be used in solo research projects, but may take on new implications in team settings.
Studying information behavior: The Many Faces of Digital Visitors and ResidentsLynn Connaway
Connaway, L. S. (2018). Studying information behavior: The Many Faces of Digital Visitors and Residents. Presented at Bar-Ilan University, March 11, 2018, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Studying information behavior: The Many Faces of Digital Visitors and ResidentsOCLC
Connaway, L. S. (2018). Studying information behavior: The Many Faces of Digital Visitors and Residents. Presented at Bar-Ilan University, March 11, 2018, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Research Methods in Library and Information Science: Trends and Tips for Rese...OCLC
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni. 2017. "Research Methods in Library and Information Science: Trends and Tips for Researchers, Students, & Professionals." Presented at the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, March 31, 2017.
Research Methods in Library and Information Science: Trends and Tips for Rese...Lynn Connaway
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni. 2017. "Research Methods in Library and Information Science: Trends and Tips for Researchers, Students, & Professionals." Presented at the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, March 31, 2017.
VRA 2022 Digital Art History session. Moderator: Otto Luna
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Assessing the use of Qualitative Data Analysis Software (QDAS) by Art Historians and Archaeologists. Presenter: Kayla Olson
Supporting Art History Students’ Digital Projects at American University. Presenters: Samuel Sadow and Melissa Becher
Engaging students through user experience (UX) at UALSandra Reed
An overview of two library user experience projects, undertaken at University if the Arts London. One, now complete, looks at spaces across our services. The other, still in progress, focuses on our online presence.
UX (or User Experience) incorporating usability studies, ethnographic research, and service design, is now being actively embraced by librarians. This presentation details this definition and briefly traces the history of ethnography and its relevance to, and adoption by, libraries.
This presentation was given at the Business Librarians Association conference in Leicester in July 2014.
Supporting the Interpretation of Enriched Audiovisual Sources through Tempora...TimelessFuture
This presentation at DH Benelux 2019, receiving one of the two best paper awards, includes findings of the ReVI project. This was a pilot looking at enhancing the Resource Viewer of the CLARIAH Media Suite, where audiovisual materials can be played. Specifically, the ReVI project looked at optimal ways "to support the exploration of different types of content metadata of audiovisual sources, such as segment information or automatic transcripts." During the project, various design thinking sessions were conducted, and a prototype including temporal content visualizations of audiovisual materials was created and evaluated in a user study. The findings of the user study showed a clear value of temporal visualizations and advanced annotation features for research purposes, as well as the continued importance of a data and tool criticism approach. New content exploration tools can benefit scholars doing research with audiovisual sources, for instance in media studies, oral history, film studies, and other disciplines which are increasingly using audiovisual media. The findings documented in the DH Benelux 2019 paper may serve as an inspiration for improving AV-media-based research tools. Concretely, it will also inform the further enhancement of the Resource Viewer of the CLARIAH Media Suite.
Using Qualitative Methods for Library Evaluation: An Interactive WorkshopOCLC
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni, and Marie L. Radford. 2016. "Using Qualitative Methods for Library Evaluation: An Interactive Workshop." Presented at the Libraries in the Digital Age (LIDA) Conference, Zadar, Croatia, June 14.
Using Qualitative Methods for Library Evaluation: An Interactive WorkshopLynn Connaway
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Data-Informed Decision Making for Libraries - Athenaeum21Megan Hurst
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Capturing the Behaviors of the Elusive User: Strategies for Library Ethnography
1. IFLA Wrocław • 22 August 2017
Capturing the Behaviors of the Elusive User:
Strategies for Library Ethnography
Lynn Silipigni Connaway, PhD
Senior Research Scientist & Director of User Research, OCLC
connawal@oclc.org
@LynnConnaway
2. Ethnographic Research
“…a way of seeing how individuals interact and behave in
situations by utilizing different qualitative data collection and
analysis methods.”
(Connaway and Radford 2017, 263)
3. Qualitative Research Definition
A type of scientific research that:
• Seeks answers to a question
• Systematically uses predefined set of
procedures to answer question
• Collects evidence
• Produces findings that:
• Are not determined in advance
• Apply beyond immediate boundaries of
study
4. What is Qualitative Research?
“…a situated activity that locates the observer in the world. It consists of a
set of interpretive, material practices that make the world visible. These
practices transform the world. They turn the world into a series of
representations, including field notes, interviews, conversations,
photographs, recordings, & memos to the self.
At this level, qualitative research involves an interpretive, naturalistic
approach to the world. This means that qualitative researchers study
things in their natural settings, attempting to make sense of, or to
interpret, phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them.”
(Denzin and Lincoln 2005)
7. Ethnographic Interviews
• Incredibly detailed data
• Time consuming
– Establishing rapport
– Selecting research participants
– Transcribing observations &
conversations
8. Conducting the Interview
1. Thematizing: Clarifying the interview’s purpose
2. Designing: Defining the interview’s purpose
3. Interviewing: Conducting the interview
4. Transcribing: Creating a written verbatim text of the interview
5. Analyzing: Figuring out the meaning of data
6. Verifying: Determining the reliability & validity of the data
7. Reporting: Telling others about the findings
(Connaway and Radford 2017, 244)
9. V&R Semi-Structured Interview Questions
5. Have there been times when you were told to
use a library or virtual learning environment
(or learning platform), and used other
source(s) instead?
6. If you had a magic wand, what would your
ideal way of getting information be? How
would you go about using the systems and
services? When? Where? How?
10. Diaries
• Keep directions minimal and open
• Offer participants a variety of ways to report
• Written
• Photo
• Video
• Audio
• Data can be rich and detailed, but is self-reported
• Does not require researcher presence
(Connaway and Radford, 2017)
11. V&R Diary Template
1. Explain a time in the past month when you
were SUCCESSFUL in completing an
ACADEMIC assignment. What steps did you
take?
2. Think of a time fairly recently when you
struggled to find appropriate resources to
help you complete an ACADEMIC assignment.
What happened?
13. “Perhaps the most convenient method of
studying the consequences of this law will
be to follow the reader from the moment
he enters the library to the moment he
leaves it…”
(Ranganathan 1931, 337)
14. Participant/Immersive Observations
• Move into the setting as deeply as
possible
• Disturb participants as little as
possible
• Participant observation
• Open, direct interaction &
observation as part of the group
(Connaway and Radford 2017)
15. Participant/Immersive Observations
• Unstructured observation
• No predetermined categories of behavior
• Flexible, exploratory
• Notes should be recorded as soon as possible
• Structured observation
• Predeveloped observational categories
• Rating scales and/or checklists
• Audio and/or video recording
(Connaway and Radford, 2017)
16. WebJunction Observations
Scenario and Task 1
You are interested in taking free courses from the WebJunction course catalog.
Please go to the first task.
Please go to webjunction.org before proceeding
You are interested in participating in free courses and webinars offered by
WebJunction.
A. Find where you can enroll in free library-specific courses and webinars.
(Connaway and Radford, 2017, p. 274)
18. Cognitive Mapping
• Participant draws a map of the
area of interest
• Fast and easy to conduct
• Small time commitment from
participants
• Can be ambiguous or difficult to
interpret
19. Mapping Diaries
• Give participants a map
& ask them to record
their movements
• Can use maps as basis
for individual interviews
From Clark (2007), “Mapping Diaries, or Where Do They Go All Day?”, p. 49
20. Usability Testing
• Degree to which a user can successfully learn
& use a product to achieve a goal
• Evaluation research methodology
• Observation & analysis of user behavior while
users use a product or product prototype to
achieve a goal
(Dumas and Redish 1993, 22)
21. Usability Testing: Components
Comprised of three parts:
1. Pre-session interview
2. Scenario and task
structured test
3. Post-session survey
(Tang 2017, 278)
22. V&R Mapping App Usability Testing
TASK
• Think of around 10 websites you use or online activities that you
regularly perform. Place each of these websites or activities on
the map in a way that represents how you feel you use them (as
a 'Visitor' or as a 'Resident') and the typical context in which you
use them ('Personal' or 'Institutional’).
PROCEDURE
1. Read the task aloud
2. Using the app, complete the task while thinking aloud
3. Indicate when they felt they had completed the task
23. Usability Testing: Methodology
• Artificial environment
(laboratory)
• Maintain more control
• May provide more
specific data on a
particular feature
• Natural environment
• Better holistic
representation of real
people doing real work
(Tang 2017, 278)
25. Ethnographic Analysis
• Use people’s own categories
• Avoid assuming what one will find
• Complementary to quantitative methods
• Retain ‘richness’/‘thick description’
• Numerous compatibility
(Asher 2017, 264)
(Connaway and Radford 2017, 282)
26. • Contain all data sources
• Creating & applying codes
• Queries
• Visualizations
• Reports
(Connaway and Radford 2017)
Computer-Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis
Software (CAQDAS)
27. • Draw on data...in service of
developing new conceptual
categories
• Develop inductive abstract analytic
categories through systematic data
analysis
• Emphasize theory construction
rather than description or
application of current theories
(Connaway and Radford 2017)
Grounded Theory
28. “A major strategy for analysis of
qualitative data is the use of the
constant comparative method, which
embraces ‘constant comparisons’
defined as ‘the analytic process of
comparing different pieces of data
against each other for similarities
and differences.’”
(Connaway and Radford 2017, 298)
29. Conversation Analysis
• Context & social conduct
Discourse Analysis
• The library within a larger social
& cultural context
(Connaway and Radford 2017)
31. Opportunities: Ethnographic Research
• Rich data and thick description
• Can answer why and how questions
• Provides information to support decisions
about resources and services
• Can help motivate and increase buy-in for
change
• Provides the opportunity to build
relationships
(Connaway and Radford, 2017; Asher and Miller, 2011)
32. “The creative process is not like a situation
where you get struck by a single lightning
bolt. You have ongoing discoveries, and
there are ongoing creative revelations. Yes,
it's really helpful to be marching toward a
specific destination, but, along the way, you
must allow yourself room for your ideas to
blossom, take root, and grow.”
–Carlton Cuse
33. References
Asher, Andrew. 2017. “On Ethnographic Research: How do Students Find the Information They Need?” In
Research Methods for Library and Information Science, 6th ed., edited by Lynn Silipigni Connaway and
Marie L. Radford, 264. Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited.
Asher, Andrew and Miller, Susan. 2011. So You Want to Do Anthropology in Your Library? Or a Practical
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35. Image Attribution
Slide 2: Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/pmillera4/13570027834/ by Peter Miller / CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
Slide 3: Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/katesheets/5772901616/ by katesheets / CC BY-NC 2.0
Slide 4: Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/ddrmaxgt37/387453140/ by Arun Venkatesan / CC BY-NC 2.0
Slide 6: Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/28481088@N00/3091698923/ by tanakawho / CC BY-NC 2.0
Slide 7: Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/nordforsk/32225539214/ by NordForsk / CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
Slide 8: Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/meanestindian/903380690/ by Meena Kadri / CC BY 2.0
Slide 9: Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/photophilde/4353228184 by photophilde / CC BY-SA 2.0
Slide 11: Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/elliotmar/8913124849 by Elliot Margolies / CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
Slide 12: Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/dancingpapa2007/3674686528 by Naoki Tomeno / CC BY 2.0
Slide 14: Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/njla/3306454031/ by NJLA: New Jersey Library Association / CC
BY-NC-ND 2.0
Slide 15: Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/dawncreations/2894171562 by I am just Dawn Marie / CC BY-NC-ND
2.0
Slide 16: Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/larrywkoester/21500417954 by Larry Koester / CC BY 2.0
36. Image Attribution
Slide 18: Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/dutchsimba/15704925354 by Dutch Simba / CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
Slide 20: Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/deanhochman/14481958642/ by Dean Hochman / CC BY 2.0
Slide 21: Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/78428166@N00/8120708019/ by Tony Alter / CC BY 2.0
Slide 22: Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/marcelxxl/14217231657/ by M.G.N. – Marcel / CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
Slide 23: Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/carnesaurus/32160924864/ by Stinson Beach Playground / CC BY-
NC-ND 2.0
Slide 25: Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/respres/6041698098/ by Jeff Turner / CC BY 2.0
Slide 26: Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/flakepardigm/4687752030/ by Tyler Nienhouse / CC BY 2.0
Slide 27: Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/adambindslev/4727853016/ by Adam Bindslev / CC BY-NC 2.0
Slide 28: Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/carleycomartin/4030726428/ by Carley Comartin / CC BY-NC 2.0
Slide 29: Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/juanillooo/1231088474/ by Juan Salmoral / CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
Slide 30: Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/therichbrooks/2600080329/ by Rich Brooks / CC BY 2.0
Slide 31: Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/dougww/2132598574 by Doug Waldron / CC BY-SA 2.0
Slide 32: Image: https://flic.kr/p/AuDyn by Pete Hunt / CC BY-NC 2.0