This document provides an overview of the key concepts and components of culture. It discusses how culture is shared and learned within groups, and passed down between generations. Culture is composed of both material and non-material elements, including physical objects, symbols, language, values, norms, beliefs and behaviors. These components work together to form the shared way of life for a cultural group. The document also examines cultural diversity, diffusion, and different theoretical perspectives on how culture influences and is influenced by society.
The document provides an overview of culture and key cultural concepts relevant to nursing. It defines culture as a constantly changing pattern of behavior characterized by the beliefs, morals, and norms of a social group. The document outlines several characteristics of culture, including that it is learned, belongs to a community, and is dynamic and cumulative. It also discusses the components of culture, including material culture (physical objects), non-material culture (values and beliefs), and cultural patterns. The document explains several important cultural concepts for nursing, such as subculture, cultural relativity, cultural shock, and ethnocentrism. It concludes by noting several methods by which cultures are formed and expand.
Organization of Culture PS&C - Week fourMarhaba Rana
This document defines culture and outlines its key characteristics. It states that culture includes knowledge, beliefs, laws, customs, and habits acquired by members of a society. Culture is learned and transmitted between generations, and it varies significantly across societies. The document then discusses characteristics of culture such as adaptation, transmission, dynamism, gratification, and accumulation. It also defines types of culture including ideal, real, material, and non-material culture. Finally, it outlines some key elements that shape culture, including language, norms, sanctions, values, and beliefs.
Culture is a complex concept that refers to the shared beliefs, values, customs, and behaviors of a society or group. It includes both material and non-material aspects that are learned and transmitted between generations. Some key aspects of culture discussed in the document include definitions of culture, characteristics of culture, elements of culture such as symbols and values, and concepts like cultural universals, cultural lag and lead, global culture, and cultural imperialism.
Sociology is the scientific study of human social life, groups and societies. Key figures in the development of sociology include Ibn Khaldun, considered one of the founders of modern historiography; Auguste Comte who proposed applying the scientific method to social phenomena; Herbert Spencer who believed society operates under fixed laws; and Karl Marx who introduced the conflict perspective focusing on class conflict. Other important early sociologists were Emile Durkheim who identified the role of social integration and Max Weber who examined the influence of social groups on people's orientations.
Culture can be defined in several ways. It encompasses the characteristics and knowledge of a group, including language, religion, cuisine, social habits, arts, beliefs, and institutions. Culture is shared within a society and provides traditions and practices that are learned and passed down between generations. It is dynamic and constantly changing as societies adapt over time to new ideas and conditions.
Cultural dynamics in assessing global marketsFahmeed Hanif
This document presents an overview of cultural dynamics and their impact on global markets. It discusses definitions of culture, the origins and elements of culture including social organization, customs, language, religion, government and economics. It also addresses cultural knowledge, change, and the illusion of similarities between cultures despite borrowing. Culture profoundly shapes consumption and production, and understanding these dynamics is important for international marketers.
The document discusses the concept of culture and how cultures change. It defines culture and lists some of its key elements, such as language, norms, values, beliefs, social roles, and cultural integration. The document contrasts folk/local culture with popular culture and material versus non-material aspects of culture. It also examines how cultures change through processes like migration, diffusion, assimilation, and acculturation. The document suggests cultures can change in response to factors like globalization.
This document provides an overview of the key concepts and components of culture. It discusses how culture is shared and learned within groups, and passed down between generations. Culture is composed of both material and non-material elements, including physical objects, symbols, language, values, norms, beliefs and behaviors. These components work together to form the shared way of life for a cultural group. The document also examines cultural diversity, diffusion, and different theoretical perspectives on how culture influences and is influenced by society.
The document provides an overview of culture and key cultural concepts relevant to nursing. It defines culture as a constantly changing pattern of behavior characterized by the beliefs, morals, and norms of a social group. The document outlines several characteristics of culture, including that it is learned, belongs to a community, and is dynamic and cumulative. It also discusses the components of culture, including material culture (physical objects), non-material culture (values and beliefs), and cultural patterns. The document explains several important cultural concepts for nursing, such as subculture, cultural relativity, cultural shock, and ethnocentrism. It concludes by noting several methods by which cultures are formed and expand.
Organization of Culture PS&C - Week fourMarhaba Rana
This document defines culture and outlines its key characteristics. It states that culture includes knowledge, beliefs, laws, customs, and habits acquired by members of a society. Culture is learned and transmitted between generations, and it varies significantly across societies. The document then discusses characteristics of culture such as adaptation, transmission, dynamism, gratification, and accumulation. It also defines types of culture including ideal, real, material, and non-material culture. Finally, it outlines some key elements that shape culture, including language, norms, sanctions, values, and beliefs.
Culture is a complex concept that refers to the shared beliefs, values, customs, and behaviors of a society or group. It includes both material and non-material aspects that are learned and transmitted between generations. Some key aspects of culture discussed in the document include definitions of culture, characteristics of culture, elements of culture such as symbols and values, and concepts like cultural universals, cultural lag and lead, global culture, and cultural imperialism.
Sociology is the scientific study of human social life, groups and societies. Key figures in the development of sociology include Ibn Khaldun, considered one of the founders of modern historiography; Auguste Comte who proposed applying the scientific method to social phenomena; Herbert Spencer who believed society operates under fixed laws; and Karl Marx who introduced the conflict perspective focusing on class conflict. Other important early sociologists were Emile Durkheim who identified the role of social integration and Max Weber who examined the influence of social groups on people's orientations.
Culture can be defined in several ways. It encompasses the characteristics and knowledge of a group, including language, religion, cuisine, social habits, arts, beliefs, and institutions. Culture is shared within a society and provides traditions and practices that are learned and passed down between generations. It is dynamic and constantly changing as societies adapt over time to new ideas and conditions.
Cultural dynamics in assessing global marketsFahmeed Hanif
This document presents an overview of cultural dynamics and their impact on global markets. It discusses definitions of culture, the origins and elements of culture including social organization, customs, language, religion, government and economics. It also addresses cultural knowledge, change, and the illusion of similarities between cultures despite borrowing. Culture profoundly shapes consumption and production, and understanding these dynamics is important for international marketers.
The document discusses the concept of culture and how cultures change. It defines culture and lists some of its key elements, such as language, norms, values, beliefs, social roles, and cultural integration. The document contrasts folk/local culture with popular culture and material versus non-material aspects of culture. It also examines how cultures change through processes like migration, diffusion, assimilation, and acculturation. The document suggests cultures can change in response to factors like globalization.
Culture can be summarized in 3 sentences:
Culture is the shared knowledge, beliefs, norms, and practices of a group. It includes material and nonmaterial elements that are learned and transmitted intergenerationally. Different theoretical perspectives view culture as functional for society, a site of conflict and inequality, or as dynamic and open to various interpretations.
Culture is a complex concept that can be summarized as follows:
Culture refers to the shared patterns of behaviors and interactions, as well as the symbolic systems, beliefs and values that are learned and transmitted by a group of people. It includes language, religion, values, social organizations, and other elements that provide meaning and identity to the group. A culture is learned, shared, dynamic and integrated, and is based on symbols that are assigned meaning. Core cultural values vary across societies but often include concepts like individualism, equal opportunity, and material acquisition that are dominant in American culture.
Culture can be summarized in 3 sentences:
Culture is defined as the patterned way of life shared and learned by a group of people, including their beliefs, values, customs, and material objects. It is universal yet varies between groups, as it is influenced by the environment and changes over time through processes like cultural diffusion and lag. A group's culture is expressed through their symbolic systems like language and non-verbal communication which shape their worldview.
This document provides an overview of culture and discusses several key topics:
1. It defines culture and discusses its characteristics, types (material and non-material), and elements.
2. It explores the evolution of culture from an archaeological perspective and how cultural traits are invented and spread.
3. It examines perspectives on the evolution of man from both religious and modern scientific viewpoints.
4. It analyzes how human growth and development have influenced cultural evolution over time through factors like agriculture, settlement, social interaction, and power structures.
5. It considers approaches to studying the relationship between culture and personality, including evoked culture, transmitted culture, and cultural universals.
This document discusses culture, norms and values. It defines culture and identifies its five main elements: language, symbols, values, norms, and material objects. It provides examples for each element, such as describing how jeans have taken on different symbolic meanings over time. The document also discusses key concepts like ethnocentricity vs cultural relativism, and theories of culture, such as the Frankfurt School's view of the tyranny of mass consumption in modern culture.
The document discusses the key concepts of culture. It defines culture as the shared patterns of behaviors and interactions, as well as the symbolic representations, of a particular group of people. These include norms, values and beliefs that are transmitted intergenerationally. It notes that culture consists of both material and nonmaterial elements. It also discusses the main types and elements of culture, including folkways, mores, taboos, laws, symbols, and the differences between ideal culture and real culture.
This document discusses subcultures and countercultures. It defines subcultures as groups whose values and behaviors distinguish them from the dominant culture while still being compatible with it. Countercultures oppose the dominant culture's values. The document also examines cultural universals, aspects present in all human cultures, and cultural diffusion, the spread of cultural traits between groups.
This document discusses key concepts related to culture. It defines culture as the complex whole of knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society. Culture includes both material and non-material aspects. It is transmitted between generations through social interaction rather than genetics. While basic biological needs are similar across human groups, how these needs are met through culture can vary significantly. The document also discusses concepts like cultural universals, cultural change/lag, ethnocentrism, cultural relativism, and subcultures.
The document discusses the concept of culture from a sociological perspective. It provides definitions of culture from several anthropologists and sociologists such as Tylor, Linton, Goodenough, and Geertz. Culture is described as the shared patterns of behavior, beliefs, and worldviews that are learned and transmitted between generations within human societies. The key characteristics of culture outlined include that culture is learned, unconscious, shared, integrated across different domains like kinship and religion, and symbolic in nature. Culture provides a lens that shapes how individuals perceive and evaluate the world.
This document defines culture and discusses its key characteristics, types, elements and organization. It also examines concepts like cultural uniformity and variability, ethnocentrism, cultural relativism, sub-cultures, counter-culture, cultural shock and xenocentrism. Culture is defined as the learned behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols shared by a group. It is transmitted intergenerationally and includes material, intellectual and emotional elements. While cultures share some universal traits, there is also variability between and within societies.
Diversity of experience is essential for innovation. A scientific endeavor will be most successful when it attracts a diverse range of perspectives and capitalizes on the creative sparks that arise from differences in cultures, backgrounds, and life experiences. acknowledging the value each perspective provides.
This document discusses key concepts in organizational culture and sociology. It defines organizational culture as shared assumptions, values and beliefs that influence behavior in organizations. Cultural traits are the smallest units of culture, such as objects, techniques, beliefs or attitudes that are passed between generations. Cultural complexes are groups of related cultural traits organized around a dominant trait, like a political party. Cultural patterns are collections of cultural complexes that are interrelated but not isolated. The document also discusses cultural lag, which is a gap between changing material culture like technology versus non-material culture like beliefs, which may change at different rates.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to culture. It defines culture as the ways of thinking, acting, and material objects that form a society's way of life. Culture includes nonmaterial elements like ideas and material elements like tangible objects. It also discusses the common elements that make up all cultures, such as symbols, language, values, norms, and technology. The document examines concepts like cultural diversity, change, and frameworks for analyzing culture.
Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, behaviors, and objects that form a society's way of life. It includes both material objects and non-material aspects like traditions and knowledge shared between generations. Culture shapes how members of a society perceive the world, determine what is considered good or bad, and structure how they interact with each other through language, norms, and other symbols. Societies provide the context for cultures to be created and shared through patterns of social interaction.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to culture. It defines culture as the ways of thinking, acting, and material objects that form a society's way of life. Culture has both material and nonmaterial elements. It is shared within a society and transmitted between generations, particularly through language. All cultures have common elements like symbols, language, values, norms, and ideal/real culture. Subcultures and countercultures can differ from mainstream cultural patterns. Cultural change occurs over time as new elements diffuse and cultural lag develops.
This document discusses key concepts related to culture, including:
- Defining culture and distinguishing between material and non-material culture. Material culture includes physical objects while non-material culture includes ideas, beliefs, and social norms.
- The main components of culture are symbols, language, beliefs, values, and artifacts. Culture also has both ideational and material aspects.
- Cultural universals refer to practices, beliefs, and values that exist across many different societies, while cultural variation describes the diversity between cultures.
- Cultural lag and lead describe situations where technological or social changes happen faster or slower than changes in cultural norms.
- Cultural specialties are skills or knowledge specific to certain social groups.
- Basic
Flower of transformation: Radical Ecological Democracy Towards Justice & Sust...Ashish Kothari
Many pathways out of the multiple crises of ecological collapse, climate, inequality, injustice and conflict are being demonstrated on the ground. What frameworks of radical transformation emerge from these? Presentation to Misereor, Oct 2022.pptx
Culture is shaped by the cumulative knowledge, beliefs, and objects acquired by a group over generations. There are two views of cultural determinism - one that sees people as products of their culture with no free will, and one that is more optimistic about human potential. Cultural relativism holds that no culture is intrinsically superior and each should be understood on its own terms. As technology increases cultural diffusion and leveling, reducing differences between societies, it also allows new forms of culture to emerge.
Cultural anthropology is the study of human cultures and societies. It examines how humans shape their material world through activities like tool-making, as well as how they develop complex communication systems and unique systems of beliefs and norms to govern behavior. The document outlines the four main subfields of anthropology - archaeology, biological/physical anthropology, linguistic anthropology, and cultural anthropology - and provides examples of how anthropologists study various aspects of human culture and society through methods like participant observation, life histories, and analyzing material artifacts and historical records.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in sociology. It discusses definitions of sociology, culture, and the structure of culture. It examines major components of culture, including symbols, language, values and beliefs, norms, and material culture. The document also explores cultural change, ethnocentrism and cultural relativity, acculturation, and multiculturalism. It analyzes concepts such as the integration and assimilation strategies of acculturation, as well as contrasting multiculturalism with other approaches like cultural segregation.
Culture can be summarized in 3 sentences:
Culture is the shared knowledge, beliefs, norms, and practices of a group. It includes material and nonmaterial elements that are learned and transmitted intergenerationally. Different theoretical perspectives view culture as functional for society, a site of conflict and inequality, or as dynamic and open to various interpretations.
Culture is a complex concept that can be summarized as follows:
Culture refers to the shared patterns of behaviors and interactions, as well as the symbolic systems, beliefs and values that are learned and transmitted by a group of people. It includes language, religion, values, social organizations, and other elements that provide meaning and identity to the group. A culture is learned, shared, dynamic and integrated, and is based on symbols that are assigned meaning. Core cultural values vary across societies but often include concepts like individualism, equal opportunity, and material acquisition that are dominant in American culture.
Culture can be summarized in 3 sentences:
Culture is defined as the patterned way of life shared and learned by a group of people, including their beliefs, values, customs, and material objects. It is universal yet varies between groups, as it is influenced by the environment and changes over time through processes like cultural diffusion and lag. A group's culture is expressed through their symbolic systems like language and non-verbal communication which shape their worldview.
This document provides an overview of culture and discusses several key topics:
1. It defines culture and discusses its characteristics, types (material and non-material), and elements.
2. It explores the evolution of culture from an archaeological perspective and how cultural traits are invented and spread.
3. It examines perspectives on the evolution of man from both religious and modern scientific viewpoints.
4. It analyzes how human growth and development have influenced cultural evolution over time through factors like agriculture, settlement, social interaction, and power structures.
5. It considers approaches to studying the relationship between culture and personality, including evoked culture, transmitted culture, and cultural universals.
This document discusses culture, norms and values. It defines culture and identifies its five main elements: language, symbols, values, norms, and material objects. It provides examples for each element, such as describing how jeans have taken on different symbolic meanings over time. The document also discusses key concepts like ethnocentricity vs cultural relativism, and theories of culture, such as the Frankfurt School's view of the tyranny of mass consumption in modern culture.
The document discusses the key concepts of culture. It defines culture as the shared patterns of behaviors and interactions, as well as the symbolic representations, of a particular group of people. These include norms, values and beliefs that are transmitted intergenerationally. It notes that culture consists of both material and nonmaterial elements. It also discusses the main types and elements of culture, including folkways, mores, taboos, laws, symbols, and the differences between ideal culture and real culture.
This document discusses subcultures and countercultures. It defines subcultures as groups whose values and behaviors distinguish them from the dominant culture while still being compatible with it. Countercultures oppose the dominant culture's values. The document also examines cultural universals, aspects present in all human cultures, and cultural diffusion, the spread of cultural traits between groups.
This document discusses key concepts related to culture. It defines culture as the complex whole of knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society. Culture includes both material and non-material aspects. It is transmitted between generations through social interaction rather than genetics. While basic biological needs are similar across human groups, how these needs are met through culture can vary significantly. The document also discusses concepts like cultural universals, cultural change/lag, ethnocentrism, cultural relativism, and subcultures.
The document discusses the concept of culture from a sociological perspective. It provides definitions of culture from several anthropologists and sociologists such as Tylor, Linton, Goodenough, and Geertz. Culture is described as the shared patterns of behavior, beliefs, and worldviews that are learned and transmitted between generations within human societies. The key characteristics of culture outlined include that culture is learned, unconscious, shared, integrated across different domains like kinship and religion, and symbolic in nature. Culture provides a lens that shapes how individuals perceive and evaluate the world.
This document defines culture and discusses its key characteristics, types, elements and organization. It also examines concepts like cultural uniformity and variability, ethnocentrism, cultural relativism, sub-cultures, counter-culture, cultural shock and xenocentrism. Culture is defined as the learned behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols shared by a group. It is transmitted intergenerationally and includes material, intellectual and emotional elements. While cultures share some universal traits, there is also variability between and within societies.
Diversity of experience is essential for innovation. A scientific endeavor will be most successful when it attracts a diverse range of perspectives and capitalizes on the creative sparks that arise from differences in cultures, backgrounds, and life experiences. acknowledging the value each perspective provides.
This document discusses key concepts in organizational culture and sociology. It defines organizational culture as shared assumptions, values and beliefs that influence behavior in organizations. Cultural traits are the smallest units of culture, such as objects, techniques, beliefs or attitudes that are passed between generations. Cultural complexes are groups of related cultural traits organized around a dominant trait, like a political party. Cultural patterns are collections of cultural complexes that are interrelated but not isolated. The document also discusses cultural lag, which is a gap between changing material culture like technology versus non-material culture like beliefs, which may change at different rates.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to culture. It defines culture as the ways of thinking, acting, and material objects that form a society's way of life. Culture includes nonmaterial elements like ideas and material elements like tangible objects. It also discusses the common elements that make up all cultures, such as symbols, language, values, norms, and technology. The document examines concepts like cultural diversity, change, and frameworks for analyzing culture.
Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, behaviors, and objects that form a society's way of life. It includes both material objects and non-material aspects like traditions and knowledge shared between generations. Culture shapes how members of a society perceive the world, determine what is considered good or bad, and structure how they interact with each other through language, norms, and other symbols. Societies provide the context for cultures to be created and shared through patterns of social interaction.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to culture. It defines culture as the ways of thinking, acting, and material objects that form a society's way of life. Culture has both material and nonmaterial elements. It is shared within a society and transmitted between generations, particularly through language. All cultures have common elements like symbols, language, values, norms, and ideal/real culture. Subcultures and countercultures can differ from mainstream cultural patterns. Cultural change occurs over time as new elements diffuse and cultural lag develops.
This document discusses key concepts related to culture, including:
- Defining culture and distinguishing between material and non-material culture. Material culture includes physical objects while non-material culture includes ideas, beliefs, and social norms.
- The main components of culture are symbols, language, beliefs, values, and artifacts. Culture also has both ideational and material aspects.
- Cultural universals refer to practices, beliefs, and values that exist across many different societies, while cultural variation describes the diversity between cultures.
- Cultural lag and lead describe situations where technological or social changes happen faster or slower than changes in cultural norms.
- Cultural specialties are skills or knowledge specific to certain social groups.
- Basic
Flower of transformation: Radical Ecological Democracy Towards Justice & Sust...Ashish Kothari
Many pathways out of the multiple crises of ecological collapse, climate, inequality, injustice and conflict are being demonstrated on the ground. What frameworks of radical transformation emerge from these? Presentation to Misereor, Oct 2022.pptx
Culture is shaped by the cumulative knowledge, beliefs, and objects acquired by a group over generations. There are two views of cultural determinism - one that sees people as products of their culture with no free will, and one that is more optimistic about human potential. Cultural relativism holds that no culture is intrinsically superior and each should be understood on its own terms. As technology increases cultural diffusion and leveling, reducing differences between societies, it also allows new forms of culture to emerge.
Cultural anthropology is the study of human cultures and societies. It examines how humans shape their material world through activities like tool-making, as well as how they develop complex communication systems and unique systems of beliefs and norms to govern behavior. The document outlines the four main subfields of anthropology - archaeology, biological/physical anthropology, linguistic anthropology, and cultural anthropology - and provides examples of how anthropologists study various aspects of human culture and society through methods like participant observation, life histories, and analyzing material artifacts and historical records.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in sociology. It discusses definitions of sociology, culture, and the structure of culture. It examines major components of culture, including symbols, language, values and beliefs, norms, and material culture. The document also explores cultural change, ethnocentrism and cultural relativity, acculturation, and multiculturalism. It analyzes concepts such as the integration and assimilation strategies of acculturation, as well as contrasting multiculturalism with other approaches like cultural segregation.
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Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
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Chapter 5
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Cultural Anthropology-109-CULTURE_Feb-2022.pptx
1.
2. Culture: key concept
central to the anthropological perspective
universal human functions:
eating, drinking, sleeping, etc.
Basic “natural” demands of human life are met in
different ways because of culturally defined variations
5. Culture defined:
• learned behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, values, & ideals generally
shared by members of a group (Ember & Ember, 2002)
• “that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals,
law, customs & many other capabilities & habits acquired by
man as a member of society” (Sir Edward Tylor, 1871)
8. Assumptions of CULTURE
• Culture is learned
• Culture is shared
• Culture is adaptive
• Culture is symbolic
• Culture is dynamic
• Culture is integrated
18. Domains of human life
a. economy
b. reproduction
c. life cycle: birth, puberty,
marriage, parenthood, death
d. health & sickness
e. kinship relationships
f. household organizations
g. groups, political systems, conflict,
conflict-resolution
h. religious beliefs/practices
i. language & communication
j. expressive culture (art, music, dance)
20. HOLISM
An approach that studies many aspects of human
experience as an integrated whole;
Description of a group encompasses: physical
environment, history, family, language,
social/economic/political systems, religion, art,
etc.
23. CULTURAL RELATIVISM
(Opposite view) Ethnocentrism:
judging other cultures by the standards of one’s own
culture than by the standards of that particular culture.
• has fueled centuries of efforts at changing “other”
people in the world
• Rudyard Kipling: “the white man’s burden”
24. Cultural Relativism: the idea that each culture must be
understood in terms of the values & beliefs of that culture.
• A culture should not be judged by the standards of
another culture.
• Assumption: no culture is better than the other.
26. a) Absolute cultural relativism
• the view that no one has the right to question any
behavior or idea anywhere.
Consider: genocide (Holocaust), FMG, slavery
• Question: Can anyone feel truly comfortable with such
a position?
27. b) Critical cultural relativism
• an alternative view that questions certain cultural practices
& ideas. E.g. Aryan supremacy; cultural imperialism
• recognizes oppressors & victims, and struggles over
practices & values within particular cases
• seeks to critique group behavior & values from human
rights standpoint.