This document provides an overview of a surgical blood and transfusion management workshop. The learning objectives include a short history of blood transfusions, explaining the ABO and Rh blood group systems, describing various blood products and their common indications, explaining blood group serology techniques, describing cross-matching and pre-transfusion tests, and explaining the blood banking process and procedures. The document then covers these topics in more detail over several pages, describing landmark events in the history of blood transfusions, the various blood products like packed red cells and platelets, techniques for blood grouping and antibody screening, and important tests that must be done before a blood transfusion like cross-matching.
1. Blood transfusion involves infusing blood or blood components into a patient's circulation to replace lost blood or treat anemia. It requires matching the donor and recipient's blood type and Rh factor to avoid dangerous transfusion reactions.
2. Complications can include infectious disease transmission, allergic reactions, lung injury, circulatory overload, and hemolytic reactions if the blood types are incompatible. Careful screening of donors and products, as well as monitoring during transfusion, aims to prevent complications.
3. Different blood components - including whole blood, red blood cells, platelets, and plasma - are used to treat various conditions like blood loss, anemia, low platelet counts, or coagulation disorders. The appropriate
This document discusses the history and process of blood transfusion. Some key points:
- Blood transfusion began in the 17th century with animal experiments, and the first human transfusion was performed in 1818 to treat postpartum hemorrhage.
- Karl Landsteiner discovered the ABO blood group system in 1901, an important breakthrough that explained why some transfusions were fatal.
- For a transfusion, blood is typically obtained from voluntary donors and tested for infections like HIV, hepatitis, syphilis and malaria before use. It is also typed for blood group.
- Whole blood can be used or separated into components like packed red blood cells, plasma, platelets, which are used
dr m laban
Tanta fever hospital scientific activity
sunday
12-8-2018
Blood transfusion
Aims of Transfusion Center
To care for the donor - ensure act of donation does not harm donor.
Provision of Blood of the best possible quality and safety for the patient receiving it.
Safe blood transfusion means:
Compatible and without transmission of infection
The Safest blood transfusion is No
transfusion
Blood donation
Careful donor selection with donor interview.
Age: not less than 17 years.
Pulse: between 50-100 beat / minute without irregularities.
Blood pressure: systole<180mmHg, diastolic <100mmHg.
Temperature: <37.5C
Hemoglobin:>12g/dl, Hct>38%
Site of vein puncture must be free of lesions and infections.
ABO grouping.
Rh typing.
Cross matching
Laboratory screening test for:-
HBsAg.
HCV Ab.
HIV.
HTLV1.
HTLV2.
Blood grouping means:-
the determination of the antigens of a specific group on the red cells
and the antibodies relevant to this group in the normal serum.
Blood groups,blood components and blood transfusion By Dr Bimalesh Kumar GuptaDrbimalesh Gupta
This document provides an overview of blood groups, blood components, and blood transfusion. It defines key terms like blood, blood products, and blood transfusion. It describes the major blood groups like ABO and Rh, and the process of cross-matching. It discusses components of blood like red cells, platelets, fresh frozen plasma, and cryoprecipitate. It covers topics like blood donation, transfusion reactions, and alternatives to transfusion. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of blood and transfusion medicine.
This document discusses various aspects of blood transfusion including:
- The history of blood transfusion from the 1600s to modern times.
- Blood components that can be separated from whole blood including packed red blood cells, platelets, plasma, and more.
- Methods for processing blood into components like centrifugation and separation.
- Indications and guidelines for transfusing different blood components in various clinical situations.
- Special types of red blood cell transfusions like washed, leukoreduced, and irradiated red blood cells.
The document provides information about blood transfusion. It defines blood transfusion as the transfusion of whole blood or its components from one person to another. The purposes of blood transfusion include restoring blood volume after hemorrhage, raising hemoglobin levels, and treating deficiencies. The components of blood used for transfusion are whole blood, packed red cells, fresh frozen plasma, platelets, and cryoprecipitate. Blood typing and cross-matching must be done to match donor and recipient blood types to avoid transfusion reactions. The document discusses different types of transfusion reactions and their management.
This document provides information about blood transfusion and complications of transfusion. It defines blood transfusion and its purposes, which include restoring blood volume after hemorrhage and raising hemoglobin levels. The components of blood that can be transfused are described, including whole blood, packed red cells, fresh frozen plasma, platelets, and cryoprecipitate. The document discusses blood grouping, cross-matching, and donor selection. It also covers transfusion reactions like acute and delayed hemolytic reactions, and their nursing management.
1. Blood transfusion involves infusing blood or blood components into a patient's circulation to replace lost blood or treat anemia. It requires matching the donor and recipient's blood type and Rh factor to avoid dangerous transfusion reactions.
2. Complications can include infectious disease transmission, allergic reactions, lung injury, circulatory overload, and hemolytic reactions if the blood types are incompatible. Careful screening of donors and products, as well as monitoring during transfusion, aims to prevent complications.
3. Different blood components - including whole blood, red blood cells, platelets, and plasma - are used to treat various conditions like blood loss, anemia, low platelet counts, or coagulation disorders. The appropriate
This document discusses the history and process of blood transfusion. Some key points:
- Blood transfusion began in the 17th century with animal experiments, and the first human transfusion was performed in 1818 to treat postpartum hemorrhage.
- Karl Landsteiner discovered the ABO blood group system in 1901, an important breakthrough that explained why some transfusions were fatal.
- For a transfusion, blood is typically obtained from voluntary donors and tested for infections like HIV, hepatitis, syphilis and malaria before use. It is also typed for blood group.
- Whole blood can be used or separated into components like packed red blood cells, plasma, platelets, which are used
dr m laban
Tanta fever hospital scientific activity
sunday
12-8-2018
Blood transfusion
Aims of Transfusion Center
To care for the donor - ensure act of donation does not harm donor.
Provision of Blood of the best possible quality and safety for the patient receiving it.
Safe blood transfusion means:
Compatible and without transmission of infection
The Safest blood transfusion is No
transfusion
Blood donation
Careful donor selection with donor interview.
Age: not less than 17 years.
Pulse: between 50-100 beat / minute without irregularities.
Blood pressure: systole<180mmHg, diastolic <100mmHg.
Temperature: <37.5C
Hemoglobin:>12g/dl, Hct>38%
Site of vein puncture must be free of lesions and infections.
ABO grouping.
Rh typing.
Cross matching
Laboratory screening test for:-
HBsAg.
HCV Ab.
HIV.
HTLV1.
HTLV2.
Blood grouping means:-
the determination of the antigens of a specific group on the red cells
and the antibodies relevant to this group in the normal serum.
Blood groups,blood components and blood transfusion By Dr Bimalesh Kumar GuptaDrbimalesh Gupta
This document provides an overview of blood groups, blood components, and blood transfusion. It defines key terms like blood, blood products, and blood transfusion. It describes the major blood groups like ABO and Rh, and the process of cross-matching. It discusses components of blood like red cells, platelets, fresh frozen plasma, and cryoprecipitate. It covers topics like blood donation, transfusion reactions, and alternatives to transfusion. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of blood and transfusion medicine.
This document discusses various aspects of blood transfusion including:
- The history of blood transfusion from the 1600s to modern times.
- Blood components that can be separated from whole blood including packed red blood cells, platelets, plasma, and more.
- Methods for processing blood into components like centrifugation and separation.
- Indications and guidelines for transfusing different blood components in various clinical situations.
- Special types of red blood cell transfusions like washed, leukoreduced, and irradiated red blood cells.
The document provides information about blood transfusion. It defines blood transfusion as the transfusion of whole blood or its components from one person to another. The purposes of blood transfusion include restoring blood volume after hemorrhage, raising hemoglobin levels, and treating deficiencies. The components of blood used for transfusion are whole blood, packed red cells, fresh frozen plasma, platelets, and cryoprecipitate. Blood typing and cross-matching must be done to match donor and recipient blood types to avoid transfusion reactions. The document discusses different types of transfusion reactions and their management.
This document provides information about blood transfusion and complications of transfusion. It defines blood transfusion and its purposes, which include restoring blood volume after hemorrhage and raising hemoglobin levels. The components of blood that can be transfused are described, including whole blood, packed red cells, fresh frozen plasma, platelets, and cryoprecipitate. The document discusses blood grouping, cross-matching, and donor selection. It also covers transfusion reactions like acute and delayed hemolytic reactions, and their nursing management.
This document provides information about blood products and blood transfusion. It begins with an introduction to blood and blood transfusion. It then discusses the components and functions of blood, the history of blood transfusion including the discovery of blood groups, general indications for transfusion, and pre-transfusion testing including donor selection and infectious disease screening. The document also covers various blood products like packed red blood cells, platelets, plasma, and cryoprecipitate. It discusses principles of transfusion, precautions, and potential complications.
The document discusses blood transfusion, including indications for different blood components, blood donation and collection processes, effects of blood storage, and administration of blood transfusions. It covers donor selection criteria, methods of collection to ensure sterility, changes that occur to blood components over time in storage, and steps to properly administer transfusions including patient investigation and cross-matching. Potential complications of transfusion are also summarized, including immediate reactions like febrile responses and allergic reactions, as well as delayed issues such as thrombophlebitis.
Blood transfusion involves carefully matching donor and recipient blood types to prevent dangerous antigen-antibody reactions. Key aspects include typing for the ABO and RH blood group systems, compatibility testing between donor and recipient blood, and cross-matching to confirm safety prior to transfusion. Proper collection, testing, and storage of blood is also important to ensure its viability and safety for transfusion. Guidelines provide triggers for transfusing specific blood components like red blood cells, platelets, and plasma based on clinical factors and lab values. Massive bleeding requires rapid volume replacement and transfusion to maintain adequate blood volume and composition.
Blood Transfusion
Blood transfusion is the process of transferring blood or blood based products from one person into the circulatory system of another. Safe blood transfusion should be safe to both the donor and the recipient. Blood transfusions can be life saving in some situations such as -Massive blood loss due to trauma or can be used to replace blood lost during surgery.BT may also be used to treat a severe anemia orThrombocytopenia caused by a blood disease.People suffering from hemophilia or sickle disease may require frequent transfusion.
Blood transfusion involves transfusing whole blood or blood components from a donor to a recipient. The main components are packed red blood cells, plasma, platelets, and cryoprecipitate. Blood is typed by antigens including A, B, and Rh factors to avoid incompatible transfusions. Transfusions are given to treat anemia or bleeding. Risks include allergic reactions, infections, and complications affecting the lungs, circulation or immune system. Careful donor screening and compatibility testing are vital for safe blood transfusions.
Blood transfusion is the process through which blood and blood products are transferred to circulation intravenously. Early transfusions used whole blood but modern medical practice commonly used components of blood.It helps to replace blood lost during injury or surgery. It is a life saving procedure. before transfusion of blood it is necessary to know your blood group type. As blood group o is considered as universal donor and blood group AB considered as universal accepter.
Blood transfusion are relatively safe but can be fatal if incorrectly administered. Donated blood can be processed into components such as PCV, FFP, Platelets, Cryoprecipitate. Doctors and nurses plays a major role in blood transfusion. They should follows all safety precautions throughout all steps of administrating procedure.
Lecture By:
Dr Hisham Fakher
Consultant Hematology
Medical Director of Regional Laboratory and Central Blood Bank
Ministry of Health –Almadinah Almonawarah
This document provides information and guidelines regarding blood transfusion and compatibility testing. It discusses the types of blood products available for transfusion and defines key terms. The document outlines the steps for compatibility testing, including pre-analytical procedures like patient identification and specimen collection, serological testing like ABO/Rh typing and antibody screening/identification, and post-analytical procedures like labeling and issuing blood products. It also provides guidelines for administering blood transfusions and monitoring patients.
Here are the key steps I would take to manage this patient developing signs of an adverse reaction to a blood transfusion:
1. Stop the transfusion immediately. Disconnect the blood tubing from the patient.
2. Assess the patient for any signs of distress such as difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, or swelling. Provide supportive care as needed.
3. Notify the physician and blood bank immediately.
4. Document the reaction symptoms and time of onset from starting the transfusion.
5. Obtain orders from the physician for treatment which may include antihistamines, corticosteroids, epinephrine depending on the severity of the reaction.
6. Collect blood samples from the patient
This document provides guidelines for blood transfusion practice by Dr. Magdy Shafik Ramadan. It outlines the history of blood transfusions and development of blood banking. It describes different blood components like packed red blood cells, platelets, fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate. It provides guidelines on usage, dosage, storage and administration of these components. It discusses the nursing role in blood transfusion which includes preparation, documentation and monitoring the procedure. It also covers transfusion in special conditions and management of transfusion reactions.
This document provides information about blood transfusion, including:
- The composition and functions of blood, as well as total blood volume and components.
- Blood grouping, typing, and compatibility with the Rh factor.
- An overview of blood transfusion including indications, calculations for allowable blood loss, and blood products like packed red blood cells, plasma, platelets, and fresh frozen plasma.
- Criteria for blood donation, collection of blood for transfusion, and blood storage guidelines.
- Common anticoagulants used in blood storage like citrates and heparin.
A PowerPoint presentation outlining the physiology of blood transfusion, and clinical precautions to take in preventing and managing blood transfusion reactions.
This document summarizes information about blood transfusions, including the different components that can be transfused and their indications. It discusses the major blood group systems, principles of blood typing and cross-matching to ensure compatibility. Safety considerations for donors and recipients are covered, as well as potential acute and chronic transfusion reactions. A variety of blood products are described, such as red blood cell concentrates, platelets, fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate, along with their typical storage times.
Blood transfusion involves injecting blood from a donor into a recipient. Key aspects include donor screening, compatibility testing between donor and recipient blood, and monitoring for adverse effects during transfusion. The history of transfusion dates back to the late 1600s and early advances included identifying blood groups in 1901 and the major cause of transfusion reactions in 1939. Clinical guidelines recommend transfusing only when benefits outweigh risks, closely monitoring the patient, and using triggers of 6-8 g/dL hemoglobin for most patients who are not actively bleeding.
1) The document discusses the rational use of blood and blood products in transfusion therapy. It emphasizes using the right blood product in the right amount for the approved clinical indications in order to avoid unnecessary risks and conserve this scarce resource.
2) Proper documentation and labeling of blood samples and products is covered to minimize errors. Adverse reactions are discussed and the importance of monitoring patients during and after transfusion is highlighted.
3) Storage conditions and shelf lives of different blood components are provided to ensure their appropriate use.
This document provides an overview of blood transfusion in surgery. It discusses the history of blood transfusion, the components of blood, indications for transfusion, complications of transfusion such as reactions and infections, massive blood transfusion protocols, and current trends. The document outlines the various blood products that can be transfused including red blood cells, platelets, plasma, and cryoprecipitate. It also discusses autologous and allogenic transfusion approaches.
Blood banking involves collecting, processing, and storing blood and blood products to be used for transfusions. Key aspects of blood banking include typing and testing donations to ensure safety, separating whole blood into components like red blood cells and plasma, and storing blood products for various periods of time depending on the component. Blood banking helps facilitate the collection and distribution of over 21 million blood components transfused annually in the United States to meet the daily need of around 36,000 units.
NURSES PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE TRANSFUSION OF BLOOD PRODUCTS. THEREFORE, IT IS NECESSARY TO UNDERSTAND ABOUT BLOOD, IT'S COMPONENTS, AND PRE-INTRA-POST TRANSFUSION RESPONSIBILITY.
The document provides an overview of blood components and their uses in clinical practice. It discusses the history of blood transfusions and the development of techniques to separate whole blood into components. The key blood components discussed are packed red blood cells (PRBC), which are used to treat symptomatic anemia. PRBC are produced by removing plasma from whole blood and allow for faster correction of hemoglobin levels compared to whole blood. The document also discusses plasma derivatives produced from large pools of donor plasma through fractionation processes. It notes the various screening tests performed on donations and techniques used to reduce risks of transfusion-transmitted infections.
Define blood transfusion
Enlist the purpose of blood transfusion
Brief the history of blood transfusion
Describe various component of blood
Understand types of blood transfusion
Perform the steps of the procedure
Recognize the adverse reaction of blood transfusion
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central19various
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
This document provides information about blood products and blood transfusion. It begins with an introduction to blood and blood transfusion. It then discusses the components and functions of blood, the history of blood transfusion including the discovery of blood groups, general indications for transfusion, and pre-transfusion testing including donor selection and infectious disease screening. The document also covers various blood products like packed red blood cells, platelets, plasma, and cryoprecipitate. It discusses principles of transfusion, precautions, and potential complications.
The document discusses blood transfusion, including indications for different blood components, blood donation and collection processes, effects of blood storage, and administration of blood transfusions. It covers donor selection criteria, methods of collection to ensure sterility, changes that occur to blood components over time in storage, and steps to properly administer transfusions including patient investigation and cross-matching. Potential complications of transfusion are also summarized, including immediate reactions like febrile responses and allergic reactions, as well as delayed issues such as thrombophlebitis.
Blood transfusion involves carefully matching donor and recipient blood types to prevent dangerous antigen-antibody reactions. Key aspects include typing for the ABO and RH blood group systems, compatibility testing between donor and recipient blood, and cross-matching to confirm safety prior to transfusion. Proper collection, testing, and storage of blood is also important to ensure its viability and safety for transfusion. Guidelines provide triggers for transfusing specific blood components like red blood cells, platelets, and plasma based on clinical factors and lab values. Massive bleeding requires rapid volume replacement and transfusion to maintain adequate blood volume and composition.
Blood Transfusion
Blood transfusion is the process of transferring blood or blood based products from one person into the circulatory system of another. Safe blood transfusion should be safe to both the donor and the recipient. Blood transfusions can be life saving in some situations such as -Massive blood loss due to trauma or can be used to replace blood lost during surgery.BT may also be used to treat a severe anemia orThrombocytopenia caused by a blood disease.People suffering from hemophilia or sickle disease may require frequent transfusion.
Blood transfusion involves transfusing whole blood or blood components from a donor to a recipient. The main components are packed red blood cells, plasma, platelets, and cryoprecipitate. Blood is typed by antigens including A, B, and Rh factors to avoid incompatible transfusions. Transfusions are given to treat anemia or bleeding. Risks include allergic reactions, infections, and complications affecting the lungs, circulation or immune system. Careful donor screening and compatibility testing are vital for safe blood transfusions.
Blood transfusion is the process through which blood and blood products are transferred to circulation intravenously. Early transfusions used whole blood but modern medical practice commonly used components of blood.It helps to replace blood lost during injury or surgery. It is a life saving procedure. before transfusion of blood it is necessary to know your blood group type. As blood group o is considered as universal donor and blood group AB considered as universal accepter.
Blood transfusion are relatively safe but can be fatal if incorrectly administered. Donated blood can be processed into components such as PCV, FFP, Platelets, Cryoprecipitate. Doctors and nurses plays a major role in blood transfusion. They should follows all safety precautions throughout all steps of administrating procedure.
Lecture By:
Dr Hisham Fakher
Consultant Hematology
Medical Director of Regional Laboratory and Central Blood Bank
Ministry of Health –Almadinah Almonawarah
This document provides information and guidelines regarding blood transfusion and compatibility testing. It discusses the types of blood products available for transfusion and defines key terms. The document outlines the steps for compatibility testing, including pre-analytical procedures like patient identification and specimen collection, serological testing like ABO/Rh typing and antibody screening/identification, and post-analytical procedures like labeling and issuing blood products. It also provides guidelines for administering blood transfusions and monitoring patients.
Here are the key steps I would take to manage this patient developing signs of an adverse reaction to a blood transfusion:
1. Stop the transfusion immediately. Disconnect the blood tubing from the patient.
2. Assess the patient for any signs of distress such as difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, or swelling. Provide supportive care as needed.
3. Notify the physician and blood bank immediately.
4. Document the reaction symptoms and time of onset from starting the transfusion.
5. Obtain orders from the physician for treatment which may include antihistamines, corticosteroids, epinephrine depending on the severity of the reaction.
6. Collect blood samples from the patient
This document provides guidelines for blood transfusion practice by Dr. Magdy Shafik Ramadan. It outlines the history of blood transfusions and development of blood banking. It describes different blood components like packed red blood cells, platelets, fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate. It provides guidelines on usage, dosage, storage and administration of these components. It discusses the nursing role in blood transfusion which includes preparation, documentation and monitoring the procedure. It also covers transfusion in special conditions and management of transfusion reactions.
This document provides information about blood transfusion, including:
- The composition and functions of blood, as well as total blood volume and components.
- Blood grouping, typing, and compatibility with the Rh factor.
- An overview of blood transfusion including indications, calculations for allowable blood loss, and blood products like packed red blood cells, plasma, platelets, and fresh frozen plasma.
- Criteria for blood donation, collection of blood for transfusion, and blood storage guidelines.
- Common anticoagulants used in blood storage like citrates and heparin.
A PowerPoint presentation outlining the physiology of blood transfusion, and clinical precautions to take in preventing and managing blood transfusion reactions.
This document summarizes information about blood transfusions, including the different components that can be transfused and their indications. It discusses the major blood group systems, principles of blood typing and cross-matching to ensure compatibility. Safety considerations for donors and recipients are covered, as well as potential acute and chronic transfusion reactions. A variety of blood products are described, such as red blood cell concentrates, platelets, fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate, along with their typical storage times.
Blood transfusion involves injecting blood from a donor into a recipient. Key aspects include donor screening, compatibility testing between donor and recipient blood, and monitoring for adverse effects during transfusion. The history of transfusion dates back to the late 1600s and early advances included identifying blood groups in 1901 and the major cause of transfusion reactions in 1939. Clinical guidelines recommend transfusing only when benefits outweigh risks, closely monitoring the patient, and using triggers of 6-8 g/dL hemoglobin for most patients who are not actively bleeding.
1) The document discusses the rational use of blood and blood products in transfusion therapy. It emphasizes using the right blood product in the right amount for the approved clinical indications in order to avoid unnecessary risks and conserve this scarce resource.
2) Proper documentation and labeling of blood samples and products is covered to minimize errors. Adverse reactions are discussed and the importance of monitoring patients during and after transfusion is highlighted.
3) Storage conditions and shelf lives of different blood components are provided to ensure their appropriate use.
This document provides an overview of blood transfusion in surgery. It discusses the history of blood transfusion, the components of blood, indications for transfusion, complications of transfusion such as reactions and infections, massive blood transfusion protocols, and current trends. The document outlines the various blood products that can be transfused including red blood cells, platelets, plasma, and cryoprecipitate. It also discusses autologous and allogenic transfusion approaches.
Blood banking involves collecting, processing, and storing blood and blood products to be used for transfusions. Key aspects of blood banking include typing and testing donations to ensure safety, separating whole blood into components like red blood cells and plasma, and storing blood products for various periods of time depending on the component. Blood banking helps facilitate the collection and distribution of over 21 million blood components transfused annually in the United States to meet the daily need of around 36,000 units.
NURSES PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE TRANSFUSION OF BLOOD PRODUCTS. THEREFORE, IT IS NECESSARY TO UNDERSTAND ABOUT BLOOD, IT'S COMPONENTS, AND PRE-INTRA-POST TRANSFUSION RESPONSIBILITY.
The document provides an overview of blood components and their uses in clinical practice. It discusses the history of blood transfusions and the development of techniques to separate whole blood into components. The key blood components discussed are packed red blood cells (PRBC), which are used to treat symptomatic anemia. PRBC are produced by removing plasma from whole blood and allow for faster correction of hemoglobin levels compared to whole blood. The document also discusses plasma derivatives produced from large pools of donor plasma through fractionation processes. It notes the various screening tests performed on donations and techniques used to reduce risks of transfusion-transmitted infections.
Define blood transfusion
Enlist the purpose of blood transfusion
Brief the history of blood transfusion
Describe various component of blood
Understand types of blood transfusion
Perform the steps of the procedure
Recognize the adverse reaction of blood transfusion
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central19various
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
2. LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
1. Short history
2. Explain the ABO and Rh system (revisit)
3. Describe the various blood products for
transfusion. List the common indication for blood
transfusion.
4. Explain the techniques used in blood group
serology
5. Describe the cross-matching and pre-transfusion
tests.
6. Explain the processes and procedures for blood
banking
2
3. BLOOD
• Blood is considered as river
of life, fluid of life, fluid of
growth, fluid of health.
• Average human has 5 liters
of blood i.e., 8% of total
body weight.
• It is a transporting fluid.
• It carries vital substances to
all parts of body.
blood and blood transfusions
4. OVERVIEW
• It is a procedure in which a
patient receives a blood product
through an intravenous line.
• It is the introduction of blood
components into the venous
circulation.
• Process of transferring blood-
based products from one person
into the circulatory system of
another.
5. HISTORY OF
BLOOD
TRANSFUSIO
N
• Prof. Karl Landsteiner
discovered that blood clumping
was an immunological reaction
• Karl Landsteiner's work made
it possible to determine blood
types
• For this discovery he was
awarded the Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine in 1930.
6. The first historical attempt at blood transfusion was
described by the Stefano Infessura, 15th-century
chronicler .
1492, as Pope Innocent VIII sank into a coma, the
blood of three boys was infused into the dying pontiff
(through the mouth, as the concept of circulation and
methods for intravenous access did not exist at that
time)
The boys were ten years old and had been
promised a ducat each. However, not only did
the pope die, but so did the three children.
6
HISTORY
7. • The first fully-documented human blood
transfusion was administered by Dr. Jean-
Baptiste Denis, eminent physician to King
Louis XIV of France, on June 15, 1667. He
transfused the blood of a sheep into a 15-
year-old boy, who recovered.
7
8. • In 1818, Dr. James Blundell, a British
obstetrician,
• - first successful blood transfusion of
human blood, for the treatment of
postpartum hemorrhage.
• He used the patient’s husband as a
donor, and extracted four ounces of
blood from his arm to transfuse into his
wife.
• During the years 1825 and 1830, 10
transfusions, five of which were
beneficial, and published his results. -
He also invented many instruments for
the transfusion of blood.
8
9. • The first blood
transfusion using blood that
had been stored and cooled
was performed on January 1,
1916. Oswald Hope
Robertson, a medical
researcher and U.S. Army
officer
• He built an ice chest from
two ammunition cases, took
22 units of blood to a
casualty-clearing station and
used them to resuscitate
Canadian soldiers judged too
deep in shock for surgery.
Eleven of the 20 recipients
survived. 9
15. 15
PACKED RED CELLS
• In Malaysia, all the packed cells are
leucocytes-reduced. (LPRBC). This is a
component derived form whole blood and
removal of plasma and buffy coat, and
subsequent re-suspension of red cells in
an appropriate nutrient solution.
• Volume 400-450mls
• The haematocrit is 0.65-0.75. Each unit
requires a minimum of 45 g of
haemoglobin at the end of processing.
• Indications: Replacement for blood loss
• The therapy of anaemia. (rapidly increase
the delivery of oxygen to the tissues. )
16. PLATELETS
16
A component derived from fresh whole
blood which contains platelet content in a
therapeutically effective form.
Contains 45-85 x 109 (on average 70x
10(9)) in 50 to 60 ml suspension medium.
Indications: severe thrombocytopenia with
clinically significant hemorrhage
attributable to platelet deficit.
Storage: 20-24 Celcius.
AGITATE CONTINOUSLY!
17. FRESH FROZEN
PLASMA
17
Prepared from whole blood using hard-spin centrifugation within 18
hours of collection.
Contains: albumin, immunoglobulin and coagulation factors.
Reduced factor V and VIII, fibrinogen.
Storage : Last 3 months if temperature is between 18-25 Celcius
Last for 36 months at below -25 Celcius
Indications: patients with coagulation disorders esp. with multiple
coagulation factors deficiency.
Also treatment of Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
NOT TO BE USED IN :
• Volume correction
• Situations where there is an availability of coagulation factor specific is available e.g. Hemophilia.
18. CRYOPRECIPITATE
18
Prepared from fresh frozen plasma after “hard spin”.
Volume is abt 40 ml.
Contains: cryoglobulin fraction of plasma, factor VIII,
von willebrand factor (vWF), fibrinogen, fibronectin.
Storage : Last 3 months if temperature is between 18-
25 Celcius
Last for 36 months at below -25 Celcius
Indications:
Factor VIII deficiency state (if
factor specific material is not
available)
Complex deficiency states:
Disseminated intravascular
vascular coagulation.
Fibrinogen defects
19. Blood Transfusion Form
1. Demography of patient is
very important
2. The signatory is
responsible for the
contents and accuracy of
the information
3. The blood and blood
products required can be
chosen in the blue box by
ticking in the respective
boxes.
19
21. Test tubes
•Forward grouping and reverse
grouping is necessary.
•Tile method is not sensitive.
•Tile is never used for compatibility
testing.
Techniques
21
22. TECHNIQUES
• Gel method is a new innovation in
blood bank.
• Uses less blood than tube.
• The results are “imprinted “ on the
card and lasts longer.
• Useful in cases of audit or enquiry.
22
23. PRE-
TRANSFUSI
ON TESTS
FOR
TRANSFUSI
ON
TRANSMITT
ED TESTS
• There are two types of tests: infectious diseases and serological
• Infectious tests differ from country to country:
• Tests for infectious diseases: (Malaysia)
• HIV-1 and HIV-2
• Hepatitis B
• Hepatitis C
• Syphilis
• Source PDN.
• Tests for infectious diseases: (UK)
• Antibody HIV 1 & 2 in addition to HIV antigen
• Hepatitis B
• Hepatitis C
• HTLV (pooled sample)
• Syphilis
• HCV genome direction/ NAT testing
• Source Prof Marcela Contreras, ABC of transfusion
23
24. • Note the incubation period for
hepatitis B.
• What is the incubation period
for HIV?
24
29. ANTIBODY
SCREENING/
GROUP,
SCREEN AND
HOLD/ GROUP
AND SCREEN/
GSH
PATIENTS'
SERUM VS 3
TUBES OF
RED CELL
REAGENTS
WITH KNOWN
ANTIGENS
1. Antibody screening is mandatory for all requests for transfusion.
2. In laboratories that carry out antibody screening by tube method, the
following phases shall be performed at, Room temperature, 37°C and Anti
Human Globulin (AHG).
3. In laboratories that use other standard methods (e.g. column
agglutination technology) manufacturer’s recommendations shall be
followed.
4. The red cell reagents used shall consist of at least two group O red
cells, (not pooled), and shall express all of the following antigens: C, c, D, E,
e, M, N, S, s, K, k, Fya, Fyb, Jka, Jkb. Where possible, one of the red cell
reagents should be of the R1R1 phenotype (CDe phenotype) and another of
R2R2 phenotype (cDE phenotype). Additional red cell antigens may be
considered to reflect the antigenic profile of the local population.
29
30. ANTIBODY SCREENING
Reagents are 2 or 3 red cells which are group O red cells.
These antigens shall express the following antigens : C, c, D, E,
e, M,N,S, s, K,k, Fya, Fyb, Jka, Jkb
C Fya
M
N
D
Jkb
Y
Y Y
Y
Patient serum sample
30
The aim is to detect any
possible antibody which
is present in patient’s
serum.
32. HISTORY
ABO AND RH
BLOOD PRODUCTS
TECHNIQUES
PRE-TRANSFUSION
COMPLICATIONS
LABORATORY INX
BLOOD BANKS
Antibody identification
1. If the antibody screening is positive, then the next step is antibody
identification.
2. A panel of 12 red cells are used to identify the suspected antibody
in the patient’s serum.
32
33. HISTORY
ABO AND RH
BLOOD PRODUCTS
TECHNIQUES
PRE-TRANSFUSION
COMPLICATIONS
LABORATORY INX
BLOOD BANKS
Pretransfusion testing in newborn less than 4
months of age.
1. Samples from mother and neonates are required.
2. ABO and Rh determined. For the neonate, only forward
grouping is determined, because the corresponding antibody
is weak or absent.
33
35. Crossmatched blood that has not been issued shall be released into
general stock after 48 hours.
The decision to use the most compatible blood shall be arrived at after
taking into consideration.
The potential risks of adverse
reactions, and
the potential risks of harm to the
patient owing to delay in transfusion
arising from searching for fully
compatible blood.
Where fully compatible blood is not available, and the patient needs
urgent transfusion, the hospital blood bank shall discuss with the
clinician in charge of the patient for the issue of the most compatible
blood.
When a clinically significant red cell antibody is identified, every effort
shall be made to provide blood that is antigen negative (with respect to
the identified antibody).
crossmatching using tube method, the following phases shall be
performed at:
Room temperature, 37° C, and AHG .
Red cell unit selected for crossmatching shall be of the same ABO and
RhD type as that of the patient.
36.
37. CROSS-MATCH
TRANSFUSION RATIO
A quality indicator
Crossmatch to transfusion ratio (C/T ratio) = number of
units cross matched/number of units transfused. A ratio of
2.5 and below is considered indicative of
significant/efficient blood usage.
References: Zewdie, K., Genetu, A., Mekonnen, Y. et al. Efficiency of blood utilization in elective surgical patients. BMC Health Serv Res 19, 804
(2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4584-1