1. PCI of CTO improved health status regarding physical limitations, angina frequency, mobility and activity compared to OMT and improved functional class significantly. 2. In experienced hands, periprocedural risk was low, and the 12-month MACE rate was comparable to OMT, but long-term safety remains to be evaluated at 36 months. 3. Successful revascularization of CTO is associated with reduced mortality, while complete revascularization seems to confer an advantage over partial revascularization.