This document discusses security challenges posed by mobile devices. It begins by outlining three main types of threats: application-based threats like malware and spyware; web-based threats like phishing and drive-by downloads; and network-based threats when using public WiFi.
Application-based threats occur when malicious apps steal data or request unnecessary permissions. Web-based threats happen through compromised websites that download malware. Network-based threats risk intercepting unencrypted data on public WiFi networks.
The document provides examples for each threat type and recommends mitigation strategies like mobile application management, secure web browsing practices, and VPNs for public networks. Managing a variety of personal and company-owned devices poses additional challenges to
Steganography is the practice of concealing a file, message, image, or video within another file, message, image, or video. The word steganography combines the Greek words steganos meaning "covered, concealed, or protected", and graphein meaning "writing".
The first recorded use of the term was in 1499 by Johannes Trithemius in his Steganographia, a treatise on cryptography and steganography, disguised as a book on magic. Generally, the hidden messages appear to be (or be part of) something else: images, articles, shopping lists, or some other cover text. For example, the hidden message may be in invisible ink between the visible lines of a private letter. Some implementations of steganography that lack a shared secret are forms of security through obscurity, whereas key-dependent steganographic schemes adhere to Kerckhoffs's principle.
The advantage of steganography over cryptography alone is that the intended secret message does not attract attention to itself as an object of scrutiny. Plainly visible encrypted messages—no matter how unbreakable—arouse interest, and may in themselves be incriminating in countries where encryption is illegal.Thus, whereas cryptography is the practice of protecting the contents of a message alone, steganography is concerned with concealing the fact that a secret message is being sent, as well as concealing the contents of the message.
Steganography includes the concealment of information within computer files. In digital steganography, electronic communications may include steganographic coding inside of a transport layer, such as a document file, image file, program or protocol. Media files are ideal for steganographic transmission because of their large size. For example, a sender might start with an innocuous image file and adjust the color of every 100th pixel to correspond to a letter in the alphabet, a change so subtle that someone not specifically looking for it is unlikely to notice it.
The document proposes a chaotic image encryption technique using Henon chaotic systems. It consists of two main steps: 1) Image fusion between the original image and a key image. 2) Encrypting the pixel values of the fused image using a Henon chaotic map. The technique aims to provide high security with less computational time compared to traditional encryption methods. Experimental results show the algorithm is sensitive to keys and resistant to brute force attacks. The technique can be used for applications like secure internet image transmission.
Cyber crime & security final tapanTapan Khilar
This document discusses various types of cybercrimes and the relevant laws in India. It defines cybercrimes as crimes that involve computers and the internet. The key points covered are:
- Types of cybercrimes include hacking, phishing, computer viruses, cyber pornography, denial of service attacks, and software piracy.
- The Indian IT Act 2000 is the main law governing cybercrimes and has sections dealing with hacking, data alteration, unauthorized access, and publishing obscene material.
- Other relevant laws include the IPC for offenses like fraud, forgery and criminal breach of trust.
- Investigating cybercrimes involves computer forensics to preserve digital evidence that can be accepted in
Wireless phone standards have a life of their own. You can tell, because they are spoken of reverently in terms of generations. There's Great-Granddad, whose pioneering story pre-dates cellular; Grandma and Grandpa 1G, or analog cellular, Mom and Dad 2G, or digital cellular; 3G wireless, 4G, 5G and so on. This is a survey report PPT on these technology.
A presentation which on Wireless Network Security. It contains Introduction to wireless networking, security threats and risks, best practices on using wireless networks.
The document provides a vision for cyber security in 2021, including emerging technologies, threats, and practices. It predicts that technologies like mobile computing, quantum computing, cloud computing, predictive semantics, and dynamic networks will impact cyber security. Threats will become more sophisticated through cyber warfare, crime, and activism. Cyber security practice will evolve to be more multi-dimensional and holistic through practices like cyber architecture and lifecycle management. A new lexicon for cyber security terms is also envisioned.
This document provides an overview of steganography, including:
1) Steganography is the art of hiding information in plain sight so that the very existence of a hidden message is concealed. It works by embedding messages within images, audio, or other files.
2) Modern uses include digital watermarking to identify ownership, hiding sensitive files, and illegitimate uses like corporate espionage, terrorism, and child pornography.
3) Techniques include least significant bit insertion to replace bits in files, injection to directly embed messages, and generating new files from scratch. Detection methods like steganalysis aim to discover hidden information.
Steganography is the practice of concealing a file, message, image, or video within another file, message, image, or video. The word steganography combines the Greek words steganos meaning "covered, concealed, or protected", and graphein meaning "writing".
The first recorded use of the term was in 1499 by Johannes Trithemius in his Steganographia, a treatise on cryptography and steganography, disguised as a book on magic. Generally, the hidden messages appear to be (or be part of) something else: images, articles, shopping lists, or some other cover text. For example, the hidden message may be in invisible ink between the visible lines of a private letter. Some implementations of steganography that lack a shared secret are forms of security through obscurity, whereas key-dependent steganographic schemes adhere to Kerckhoffs's principle.
The advantage of steganography over cryptography alone is that the intended secret message does not attract attention to itself as an object of scrutiny. Plainly visible encrypted messages—no matter how unbreakable—arouse interest, and may in themselves be incriminating in countries where encryption is illegal.Thus, whereas cryptography is the practice of protecting the contents of a message alone, steganography is concerned with concealing the fact that a secret message is being sent, as well as concealing the contents of the message.
Steganography includes the concealment of information within computer files. In digital steganography, electronic communications may include steganographic coding inside of a transport layer, such as a document file, image file, program or protocol. Media files are ideal for steganographic transmission because of their large size. For example, a sender might start with an innocuous image file and adjust the color of every 100th pixel to correspond to a letter in the alphabet, a change so subtle that someone not specifically looking for it is unlikely to notice it.
The document proposes a chaotic image encryption technique using Henon chaotic systems. It consists of two main steps: 1) Image fusion between the original image and a key image. 2) Encrypting the pixel values of the fused image using a Henon chaotic map. The technique aims to provide high security with less computational time compared to traditional encryption methods. Experimental results show the algorithm is sensitive to keys and resistant to brute force attacks. The technique can be used for applications like secure internet image transmission.
Cyber crime & security final tapanTapan Khilar
This document discusses various types of cybercrimes and the relevant laws in India. It defines cybercrimes as crimes that involve computers and the internet. The key points covered are:
- Types of cybercrimes include hacking, phishing, computer viruses, cyber pornography, denial of service attacks, and software piracy.
- The Indian IT Act 2000 is the main law governing cybercrimes and has sections dealing with hacking, data alteration, unauthorized access, and publishing obscene material.
- Other relevant laws include the IPC for offenses like fraud, forgery and criminal breach of trust.
- Investigating cybercrimes involves computer forensics to preserve digital evidence that can be accepted in
Wireless phone standards have a life of their own. You can tell, because they are spoken of reverently in terms of generations. There's Great-Granddad, whose pioneering story pre-dates cellular; Grandma and Grandpa 1G, or analog cellular, Mom and Dad 2G, or digital cellular; 3G wireless, 4G, 5G and so on. This is a survey report PPT on these technology.
A presentation which on Wireless Network Security. It contains Introduction to wireless networking, security threats and risks, best practices on using wireless networks.
The document provides a vision for cyber security in 2021, including emerging technologies, threats, and practices. It predicts that technologies like mobile computing, quantum computing, cloud computing, predictive semantics, and dynamic networks will impact cyber security. Threats will become more sophisticated through cyber warfare, crime, and activism. Cyber security practice will evolve to be more multi-dimensional and holistic through practices like cyber architecture and lifecycle management. A new lexicon for cyber security terms is also envisioned.
This document provides an overview of steganography, including:
1) Steganography is the art of hiding information in plain sight so that the very existence of a hidden message is concealed. It works by embedding messages within images, audio, or other files.
2) Modern uses include digital watermarking to identify ownership, hiding sensitive files, and illegitimate uses like corporate espionage, terrorism, and child pornography.
3) Techniques include least significant bit insertion to replace bits in files, injection to directly embed messages, and generating new files from scratch. Detection methods like steganalysis aim to discover hidden information.
This document is a project report submitted by four students to fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Information Technology. The report discusses steganography, which is hiding secret information within other information. Specifically, the report focuses on digital image steganography, where secret messages are hidden within digital images. The report provides an introduction to steganography, a literature review on related topics like cryptography, an analysis of requirements, descriptions of how image steganography works and algorithms used, system design diagrams, implementation details, applications of the system, and directions for future work.
This document discusses security issues and mechanisms in cellular wireless networks. It begins by explaining how cellular communication has become important for daily tasks like accessing the internet, banking, messaging, etc. It then outlines several key security issues for cellular networks including authentication, integrity, confidentiality, access control, location detection, viruses/malware, downloaded content security, device security, and operating system vulnerabilities. Next, it describes various types of attacks such as denial of service, distributed denial of service, channel jamming, and man-in-the-middle attacks. The document concludes by explaining 3G and 4G security architectures and features like network access security, challenge response authentication, and encryption between devices and base stations.
The document discusses security challenges posed by increased use of mobile and wireless devices, including risks of malware, hacking, and data theft. It covers types of mobile devices and attacks like viruses, smishing, and vishing. It also provides recommendations for securing mobile devices like using passwords, encryption, and anti-theft tracking software.
This PPT explains about the term "Cryptography - Encryption & Decryption". This PPT is for beginners and for intermediate developers who want to learn about Cryptography. I have also explained about the various classes which .Net provides for encryption and decryption and some other terms like "AES" and "DES".
Encryption converts plaintext into ciphertext using an algorithm and key. Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting and row exchange is used to encrypt images by converting the image matrix to an upper triangular matrix and generating a decryption key. The encrypted image matrix and key can then be multiplied to recover the original image matrix and decrypt the image. This algorithm allows for faster encryption time while still producing robust encryption to prevent unauthorized access to images.
This ppt describes network security concepts and the role of cryptography. Difference in Symmetric Key Cryptography and Public Key Cryptography. Uses of Digital Certificates. What is the use of Digital Signature and how it ensure authenticity, Integrity and Non-repudiation. How security features should be ensured for any transactions using cryptography.
Cracking of wireless networks is the defeating of security devices in Wireless local-area networks. Wireless local-area networks(WLANs) – also called Wi-Fi networks are inherently vulnerable to security lapses that wired networks Cracking is a kind of information network attack that is akin to a direct intrusion. There are two basic types of vulnerabilities associated with WLANs: those caused by poor configuration and those caused by weak encryption.
The document discusses active and passive network attacks. An active attack intercepts network connections to alter message content, potentially changing system resources, while a passive attack observes and copies messages without altering them, so the victim is not notified. Common active and passive attacks are man-in-the-middle attacks and packet sniffing, respectively. The document also provides tips for preventing security attacks like keeping software updated and using firewalls and strong passwords.
This document discusses message authentication codes (MACs). It explains that MACs use a shared symmetric key to authenticate messages, ensuring integrity and validating the sender. The document outlines the MAC generation and verification process, and notes that MACs provide authentication but not encryption. It then describes HMAC specifically, which applies a cryptographic hash function to the message and key to generate the MAC. The key steps of the HMAC process are detailed.
This document discusses steganography techniques for hiding secret information in digital images. It begins with an introduction to steganography and its differences from cryptography. It then discusses various steganography techniques including least significant bit insertion, masking and filtering, and transform domain techniques. It also discusses using bitmap images for steganography and the popularity of formats like JPEG. The goal of the document is to provide an overview of digital image steganography techniques.
The document provides an overview of digital signatures, including their history, theory, workings, and importance. Digital signatures were first proposed in 1976 and use public key cryptography to validate the authenticity and integrity of electronic documents and messages. They work by encrypting a hash of the message with the sender's private key, which can later be decrypted and verified by the recipient using the sender's public key. This allows the recipient to confirm the message has not been tampered with and was signed by the proper sender. Digital signatures provide security benefits like non-repudiation and are legally recognized in many countries and applications.
Keyloggers and spyware are programs that can monitor users' computer activity without their consent. Keyloggers record keyboard input like passwords, while spyware tracks web browsing and transmits the collected information. There are hardware and software versions of keyloggers, with hardware versions like devices plugged into keyboards and replacement keyboards containing the monitoring programs. Spyware comes in various forms like tracking cookies, browser hijacking, and keyloggers that observe online habits for advertising or other purposes. Both keyloggers and spyware can invade users' privacy and security without their knowledge.
This document provides an overview of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). It discusses how GSM uses a combination of Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) to maximize channel usage. It also describes the key components of GSM including the mobile station, base station subsystem, network switching subsystem, and operation and support subsystem. Additionally, it covers functions like frequency reuse, handovers, short message service, speech coding, and call routing in GSM networks.
This document discusses a proposed digital image watermarking system that aims to preserve image quality while providing robustness against various attacks. It begins with an introduction describing image watermarking and common attack types. It then reviews several existing watermarking techniques and their advantages and disadvantages. The proposed system is said to provide robust watermarking against attacks through feature region selection using a knapsack problem technique. The document concludes by noting the system could protect images for military, medical and authenticated uses while preserving quality.
The document discusses various types of intruders including masqueraders, misfeasors, and clandestine users. It also covers intrusion techniques like password cracking, intrusion detection methods using statistical anomaly detection and rule-based approaches, and the importance of audit records and covering tracks to hide evidence of intrusion. Distributed intrusion detection systems are also mentioned as a more effective defense approach.
This ppt discusses about Switch Security Configuration including Port Security configuration, Mitigating DHCP attacks, APR attacks, STP attacks and usage of DHCP Snooping and Portfast & BPDUGuard.
1) AMPS was the first analog cellular system developed in the 1970s and deployed commercially in the 1980s. It used analog frequency modulation in the 800-900 MHz band.
2) AMPS introduced cellular communications to North America, using frequency division multiple access with 832 30 kHz channels. It enabled roaming between systems.
3) While AMPS provided wider coverage at a lower cost than initial digital systems, it has been replaced by digital technologies like CDMA that support higher user densities with less spectrum usage.
This presentation gives an overview of various security issues in mobile phones having different operating systems. Ways to avoid spamming and malware in our mobile phones are also presented.
Digital certificates and information securityDevam Shah
Digital certificates ensures secure transactions over internet. This presentation is about information security and secure online transactions through digital certificates.
Courtesy: www.ifour-consultancy.com
This document discusses security challenges related to mobile and wireless devices. It covers the proliferation of these devices and trends in mobility. Some key security issues addressed include malware attacks on mobile networks, credit card fraud, and technical challenges like managing registry settings, authentication, cryptography, and securing APIs. The document emphasizes that properly configuring baseline security is important to address many mobile security issues.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document is a project report submitted by four students to fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Information Technology. The report discusses steganography, which is hiding secret information within other information. Specifically, the report focuses on digital image steganography, where secret messages are hidden within digital images. The report provides an introduction to steganography, a literature review on related topics like cryptography, an analysis of requirements, descriptions of how image steganography works and algorithms used, system design diagrams, implementation details, applications of the system, and directions for future work.
This document discusses security issues and mechanisms in cellular wireless networks. It begins by explaining how cellular communication has become important for daily tasks like accessing the internet, banking, messaging, etc. It then outlines several key security issues for cellular networks including authentication, integrity, confidentiality, access control, location detection, viruses/malware, downloaded content security, device security, and operating system vulnerabilities. Next, it describes various types of attacks such as denial of service, distributed denial of service, channel jamming, and man-in-the-middle attacks. The document concludes by explaining 3G and 4G security architectures and features like network access security, challenge response authentication, and encryption between devices and base stations.
The document discusses security challenges posed by increased use of mobile and wireless devices, including risks of malware, hacking, and data theft. It covers types of mobile devices and attacks like viruses, smishing, and vishing. It also provides recommendations for securing mobile devices like using passwords, encryption, and anti-theft tracking software.
This PPT explains about the term "Cryptography - Encryption & Decryption". This PPT is for beginners and for intermediate developers who want to learn about Cryptography. I have also explained about the various classes which .Net provides for encryption and decryption and some other terms like "AES" and "DES".
Encryption converts plaintext into ciphertext using an algorithm and key. Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting and row exchange is used to encrypt images by converting the image matrix to an upper triangular matrix and generating a decryption key. The encrypted image matrix and key can then be multiplied to recover the original image matrix and decrypt the image. This algorithm allows for faster encryption time while still producing robust encryption to prevent unauthorized access to images.
This ppt describes network security concepts and the role of cryptography. Difference in Symmetric Key Cryptography and Public Key Cryptography. Uses of Digital Certificates. What is the use of Digital Signature and how it ensure authenticity, Integrity and Non-repudiation. How security features should be ensured for any transactions using cryptography.
Cracking of wireless networks is the defeating of security devices in Wireless local-area networks. Wireless local-area networks(WLANs) – also called Wi-Fi networks are inherently vulnerable to security lapses that wired networks Cracking is a kind of information network attack that is akin to a direct intrusion. There are two basic types of vulnerabilities associated with WLANs: those caused by poor configuration and those caused by weak encryption.
The document discusses active and passive network attacks. An active attack intercepts network connections to alter message content, potentially changing system resources, while a passive attack observes and copies messages without altering them, so the victim is not notified. Common active and passive attacks are man-in-the-middle attacks and packet sniffing, respectively. The document also provides tips for preventing security attacks like keeping software updated and using firewalls and strong passwords.
This document discusses message authentication codes (MACs). It explains that MACs use a shared symmetric key to authenticate messages, ensuring integrity and validating the sender. The document outlines the MAC generation and verification process, and notes that MACs provide authentication but not encryption. It then describes HMAC specifically, which applies a cryptographic hash function to the message and key to generate the MAC. The key steps of the HMAC process are detailed.
This document discusses steganography techniques for hiding secret information in digital images. It begins with an introduction to steganography and its differences from cryptography. It then discusses various steganography techniques including least significant bit insertion, masking and filtering, and transform domain techniques. It also discusses using bitmap images for steganography and the popularity of formats like JPEG. The goal of the document is to provide an overview of digital image steganography techniques.
The document provides an overview of digital signatures, including their history, theory, workings, and importance. Digital signatures were first proposed in 1976 and use public key cryptography to validate the authenticity and integrity of electronic documents and messages. They work by encrypting a hash of the message with the sender's private key, which can later be decrypted and verified by the recipient using the sender's public key. This allows the recipient to confirm the message has not been tampered with and was signed by the proper sender. Digital signatures provide security benefits like non-repudiation and are legally recognized in many countries and applications.
Keyloggers and spyware are programs that can monitor users' computer activity without their consent. Keyloggers record keyboard input like passwords, while spyware tracks web browsing and transmits the collected information. There are hardware and software versions of keyloggers, with hardware versions like devices plugged into keyboards and replacement keyboards containing the monitoring programs. Spyware comes in various forms like tracking cookies, browser hijacking, and keyloggers that observe online habits for advertising or other purposes. Both keyloggers and spyware can invade users' privacy and security without their knowledge.
This document provides an overview of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). It discusses how GSM uses a combination of Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) to maximize channel usage. It also describes the key components of GSM including the mobile station, base station subsystem, network switching subsystem, and operation and support subsystem. Additionally, it covers functions like frequency reuse, handovers, short message service, speech coding, and call routing in GSM networks.
This document discusses a proposed digital image watermarking system that aims to preserve image quality while providing robustness against various attacks. It begins with an introduction describing image watermarking and common attack types. It then reviews several existing watermarking techniques and their advantages and disadvantages. The proposed system is said to provide robust watermarking against attacks through feature region selection using a knapsack problem technique. The document concludes by noting the system could protect images for military, medical and authenticated uses while preserving quality.
The document discusses various types of intruders including masqueraders, misfeasors, and clandestine users. It also covers intrusion techniques like password cracking, intrusion detection methods using statistical anomaly detection and rule-based approaches, and the importance of audit records and covering tracks to hide evidence of intrusion. Distributed intrusion detection systems are also mentioned as a more effective defense approach.
This ppt discusses about Switch Security Configuration including Port Security configuration, Mitigating DHCP attacks, APR attacks, STP attacks and usage of DHCP Snooping and Portfast & BPDUGuard.
1) AMPS was the first analog cellular system developed in the 1970s and deployed commercially in the 1980s. It used analog frequency modulation in the 800-900 MHz band.
2) AMPS introduced cellular communications to North America, using frequency division multiple access with 832 30 kHz channels. It enabled roaming between systems.
3) While AMPS provided wider coverage at a lower cost than initial digital systems, it has been replaced by digital technologies like CDMA that support higher user densities with less spectrum usage.
This presentation gives an overview of various security issues in mobile phones having different operating systems. Ways to avoid spamming and malware in our mobile phones are also presented.
Digital certificates and information securityDevam Shah
Digital certificates ensures secure transactions over internet. This presentation is about information security and secure online transactions through digital certificates.
Courtesy: www.ifour-consultancy.com
This document discusses security challenges related to mobile and wireless devices. It covers the proliferation of these devices and trends in mobility. Some key security issues addressed include malware attacks on mobile networks, credit card fraud, and technical challenges like managing registry settings, authentication, cryptography, and securing APIs. The document emphasizes that properly configuring baseline security is important to address many mobile security issues.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
CASE STUDY There is a new phenomenon in the cybersecurity domain ca.pdfkostikjaylonshaewe47
CASE STUDY: There is a new phenomenon in the cybersecurity domain called: “Bring Your
Own Device (BYOD)” where employees can bring their personal devices at work and connect
using the Wi-Fi to the organization’s network. Many employers are allowing their employees to
use their personal mobile device for enterprise functions such as corporate email, work
applications, etc. While this may save the company costs, the organization’s network remains
vulnerable. A company can only monitor so much that’s on an employee personal device;
Assess the threats, the vulnerabilities, and the impacts on an organization’s information systems
posed by the use of mobile devices at work. What can be done to fix it at the policy level,
technology level, and infrastructure level?
Solution
Employees aren\'t just bringing their mobile devices to the workplace — they\'re living on them.
A 2015 study by Bank of America found that 55 percent of respondents sleep with their
smartphones on their nightstands to avoid missing a call, text message or other update during the
night. The devices are also the first thing on their minds in the morning: while 10 percent
reported thinking of their significant other, 35 percent reserved their first thought of the day for
their smartphone.
As smartphones and tablets become constant companions, cyber attackers are using every avenue
available to break into them. Many people expect that iPhone or Android devices are secure by
default, when in reality it is up to the user to make security configuration changes. With the right
(inexpensive) equipment, hackers can gain access to a nearby mobile device in less than 30
seconds and either mirror the device and see everything on it, or install malware that will enable
them to siphon data from it at their leisure.
The nature and types of cyber attacks are evolving rapidly, and mobile devices have become a
critical part of enterprise cyber-security efforts with good reason. Analysts predict that by 2018,
25 percent of corporate data will completely bypass perimeter security and flow directly from
mobile devices to the cloud.
Chief information security officers (CISOs) and other security executives are finding that the
proliferation of mobile devices and cloud services present a significant barrier to effective breach
response. In order to secure the corporate data passing through or residing on mobile devices, it
is imperative to fully understand the issues they present.
5 Security Risks and a Surprising Challenge
The threat and attack vectors for mobile devices are largely composed of retargeted versions of
attacks aimed at other endpoint devices. These risks can be categorized into five areas.
1. Physical access
Mobile devices are small, easily portable and extremely lightweight. While their diminutive size
makes them ideal travel companions, it also makes them easy to steal or leave behind in airports,
airplanes or taxicabs. As with more traditional devices, physical access to a mobile devi.
This document discusses securing mobile devices in the business environment. It explores how companies can safely introduce employee-owned mobile devices while managing security risks. Key points include:
- Mobile devices increase productivity but also security risks if not properly secured. A range of platforms need support, and personal and work data coexist on devices.
- Common security threats include loss/theft, malware, spam, phishing via Bluetooth/Wi-Fi. The document outlines techniques to mitigate these risks, such as encryption, remote wiping, and antimalware software.
- The document recommends companies establish mobile security strategies and policies to identify allowed resources/platforms and assign management responsibilities according to a security framework covering identity, data protection, applications,
Do New Mobile Devices in Enterprises Pose A Serious Security Threat?acijjournal
The purpose of this paper is to introduce a research proposal designed to explore the network security
issues concerning mobile devices protection. Many threats exist and they harm not only computers but
handheld devices as well. The mobility of phones and their excessive use make them more vulnerable.
The findings suggest a list of protections that can provide high level of security for new mobile devices.
IRJET- Android Device Attacks and ThreatsIRJET Journal
This document discusses security threats to Android devices. It begins by providing background on the growth of mobile technology and its integration into daily life and the workplace. This has increased security risks as mobile devices now store and access large amounts of personal and corporate data. The document then discusses some specific threats to Android devices, including data breaches, social engineering, Wi-Fi interference, out-of-date devices, cryptojacking attacks, and poor password hygiene. It emphasizes that Android devices, like other mobile technologies, are vulnerable to these online and physical attacks that can result in compromised data and device access. Strong mobile security practices are needed to protect against the threats.
The document provides an overview of Peter Wood, an expert in ethical hacking and cybersecurity. It discusses the concept of "consumerisation" where employees want to use their personal devices for work purposes. While this raises security concerns for IT departments, the document argues that tightly controlling devices is ineffective and employee expectations around mobility and flexibility will result in loosened corporate control over tools. It outlines some of the mobile security risks at different layers of devices and examples of malware targeting smartphones.
The wireless industry has baked security into our networks since the beginning, and works diligently to continually update and build on our security capabilities with every generation of wireless. Today’s 4G LTE networks have the most advanced security features to date, and 5G will further improve upon them.
A Multi-Layer Real Time Remote Monitoring & Corporate Network System For Viru...ijccsa
Corporations face a dangerous threat that existing security technologies do not adequately address, which includes malware, track ware and adware, describes any program that may track online and/or offline PC activity and locally saves or transmits those findings to third parties without user’s knowledge or consent. The same activities that make our employees efficient and productive doing research over the internet, sharing files, sending instant messages to customers and coworkers, and emailing status information while travelling are making our IT infrastructures vulnerable to mobile malicious code, Spyware, viruses, Trojan horses, phishing, and pharming. Gateway firewalls and antivirus software is no match for these new, virulent threats. To ensure the needed protection, organizations need to incorporate content level protection into their overall security strategies. As web-borne threats become more complex and virulent, companies must face the need to supplement their existing, traditional security measures. So, in this paper, we will highlight about our work which attempts to keep a real time track of each events of the client’s behavior inside a network.
International Journal on Cloud Computing: Services and Architecture (IJCCSA)ijccsa
As web-borne threats become more complex and virulent, companies must face the need to supplement their existing, traditional security measures. So, in this paper, we will highlight about our work which attempts to keep a real time track of each events of the client’s behavior inside a network.
The document discusses the importance of remote network monitoring software for small to mid-sized companies to protect sensitive data from theft or damage through unauthorized access of employee devices. It provides an overview of N-central network monitoring software, which allows managed service providers to monitor company networks in real-time and control access of portable devices to prevent data leaks and security breaches. Pricing and contact details are provided for small businesses interested in the remote monitoring software and services.
Cyber crimes are on the rise as companies and individuals connect to the internet. While connectivity provides benefits, it also increases vulnerabilities to threats like hacking, viruses, and data theft. The document outlines the history of computer crimes and defines different types like fraud, forgery, and unauthorized access. It discusses hacking techniques such as using trapdoors, decoys, and call forwarding to intercept systems. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of security measures like passwords, antivirus software, and incident response teams to help prevent and address cyber crimes.
The document discusses mobile security risks and trends. It outlines the anatomy of a mobile attack, including infection vectors, installing backdoors, and exfiltrating data. Key findings include the challenge of BYOD, lack of security in mobile apps, and employees unwittingly introducing threats via personal devices. The OWASP Mobile Top 10 risks framework classifies common vulnerabilities such as improper platform usage, insecure data storage, weak authentication, and code tampering. Overall, the growth of mobile devices and lack of awareness regarding mobile security hygiene has introduced significant risks that organizations must address.
The document discusses network and data security. It notes that there is a hacker attack every 39 seconds and over 300,000 new malware are created daily, posing significant threats. It then defines network security and data protection, and discusses various technical and organizational strategies that can help improve security, such as firewalls, antivirus software, access control, encryption protocols like WPA2, and employee training. The document emphasizes adopting a holistic, next-generation approach to endpoint security to effectively combat modern cyber threats.
The document discusses the need for information security professionals and provides an overview of information security. It describes how connecting to the internet exposes computers to risks from malicious actors. It then covers key topics in information security including identity theft, malware, patch management failures, and distributed denial of service attacks. The document concludes by recommending best practices for protecting digital assets such as using antivirus software, firewalls, and keeping systems updated with the latest patches.
This document discusses the risks of botnet attacks on smartphones. It begins by providing background on botnets and how they have evolved from PC-based to targeting smartphones. Common propagation methods for smartphone botnets include SMS, Bluetooth, NFC, and WiFi. The document then proposes a hybrid peer-to-peer system using WiFi as the communication medium to create a botnet that is difficult to detect. It argues that securing smartphones from botnet attacks is challenging given the variety of mobile architectures and increasing use of smartphones for sensitive tasks.
Face expressions, facial features, kinect sensor, face tracking SDK, neural n...iosrjce
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
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these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
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1. UNIT 2
Credit Card Frauds in Mobile & Wireless Computing
Era
Security Challenges
Registry Settings for Mobile Devices
Authentication Service Security
Attacks on Mobile/Cell Phones
2. Trends in Mobility
In the past two decades, we’ve not only cut the cord between our
phones and the wall, but we have gained the ability to stream
video, play games, and access the web from what has essentially
become a powerful handheld computer. 5G will push those
capabilities to the next level.
Since the late 1970s, the ability to communicate with others using a
device that is untethered to a wire has changed the way people interact,
whether they are located across the street or in another country. Prior
to the introduction of cellular technology, ham shortwave and FM
radios provided two-way communication to those willing to learn
Morse code and obtain a license. Citizens band (CB) radios offered up
to 20-mile links and became wildly popular with the mass market in
the early to mid-1960s. However, weather conditions and time of day
had a major influence on reliability of ham radio links, while
transmission power limits and chatty enthusiasts reduced the
usefulness of CB.
3.
4. The industry needed a system that consumed little energy
to enable small portable devices to operate on battery
power. Cellular phones evolved to meet this need. Rather
than adopt a point-to-point long-distance strategy, cellular
phones link to a grid of local relay base stations.
A progression of enhanced technical standards enabled
compatibility among devices and opened the door to
development of a rapidly expanding market. Efficient
network management was the other key to development of
advanced cellular communication systems in terms of
speed, reliability, latency, capacity, and additional features.
5. The first generation of mobile networks, dubbed 1G, was introduced in Japan in
1979. It offered analog 2.4Kb/s with limited coverage and no roaming support.
In 1991, 2G employed digital signaling to bump the speed to 64Kb/s and used
the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) standard for improved
voice fidelity and reliability. It also ushered in the ability to send text messages
and photos. 3G was introduced in 2001 and harmonized global standards,
along with 256Kb/s speed. Additional functions included video conferencing,
streaming, and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). The fourth and most
common generation in use today, 4G Long-Term Evolution (LTE), can deliver
speeds to 1Gb/s for high-definition video, web access, and gaming applications.
We are now on the cusp of 5G, which is designed to support the escalating
demands of a universe of Internet of Things (IoT), explosion of consumer
video, telemedicine, telework, and future autonomous transportation. In
addition to a 10 times to as much as 100 times increase in speed, latency will be
dramatically reduced. The ability to support many more connected devices
with greater network efficiency and reduced latency is driving the transition to
5G.
6.
7.
8. Credit Card Frauds & Wireless Computing Era
Types of Credit Card Frauds
Traditional Techniques:
paper based fraud – criminal uses stolen or fake documents, to open an account
in someone else’s name.
can be divided into
ID theft
Financial fraud
illegal use of lost or stolen card
Modern Techniques:
enable criminals to produce fake or doctored cards.
Skimming process
1. Triangulation
2. Credit Card Generators
(From Book)
10. Main challenges involved in credit card fraud detection
are:
Enormous Data is processed every day and the model
build must be fast enough to respond to the scam in
time.
Imbalanced Data i.e most of the
transactions (99.8%) are not fraudulent which makes
it really hard for detecting the fraudulent ones
Data availability as the data is mostly private.
Misclassified Data can be another major issue, as not
every fraudulent transaction is caught and reported.
Adaptive techniques used against the model by the
scammers.
11. Security challenges posed by
mobile devices (FROM PPT)
Mobility brings two main challenges to cyber security:
first, on the hand-held devices, information is being taken
outside the physically controlled environment. and
Second, remote access back to the protected environment is
being granted.
The importance of providing employees with remote access
and the ability to work from anywhere means that
organizations need to implement tools that increase the
security of mobile devices.
Mobile phone security threats generally include application
based, web-based, network-based, physical threats (or
challenges) and technical challenges.
12. Security challenges posed by mobile devices
1. Application based threat:
Application-based threats happen when people download apps
that look legitimate but actually skim data from their device. Even
legitimate apps often request more permission than needed to
perform their function, which can expose more data than
necessary.
Examples are spyware and malware that steal personal and
business information without people realizing it’s happening.
These threats also includes Data Leakage via Malicious Apps (as
hackers can easily find an unprotected mobile app and use that
unprotected app to design larger attacks or steal data, digital
wallets, backend details, and other juicy bits directly from the app)
and
Zero Day Vulnerabilities (zero-day vulnerabilities that left its
devices open for spyware attacks and released a patch to protect
users against these vulnerabilities.
A software vulnerability discovered by attackers before the vendor
has become aware of it. Because the vendors are unaware, no patch
exists for zero-day vulnerabilities, making attacks likely to succeed)
13. Security challenges posed by mobile devices
1. Application based threat: Contd….
The best way to protect your organization against
data leakage (or App based threats) through
malicious or unsecured applications is by using
mobile application management (MAM) tools.
These tools allow IT admins to manage corporate apps
(wipe or control access permissions) on their employees’
devices without disrupting employees’ personal apps or
data.
14. Security challenges posed by mobile devices
2. Web based threat:
Web-based threats are subtle and tend to go unnoticed.
They happen when people visit affected sites that seem
fine on the front-end but, in reality, automatically
download malicious content onto devices.
Examples:
Phishing Scams
Social Engineering
Drive By Downloads
Operating System Flaws
15. Security challenges posed by mobile devices
2. Web based threat: Contd…
Social Engineering
Social engineering attacks are when bad actors send fake emails (phishing attacks) or text messages
(smishing attacks) to your employees in an effort to trick them into handing over private
information like their passwords or downloading malware onto their devices.
Drive By Downloads
Drive by download attacks specifically refer to malicious programs that install to your devices —
without your consent. This also includes unintentional downloads of any files or bundled software
onto a computer device.
Operating System Flaws
Operating system (OS) vulnerabilities are exposures within an OS that allow cyber attackers to
cause damage on any device where the OS is installed.
Large numbers of mobile devices are not kept up to date with operating system releases. Out of date
operating systems mean devices are vulnerable to security threats that are patched in the later
versions.
Mobile security requires continuous work to find and patch vulnerabilities that bad actors use to
gain unauthorized access to your systems and data.
16. Security challenges posed by mobile devices
2. Web based threat: Contd…
Tips to Combat Web based threats
The best defense for phishing and other social engineering attacks is to teach employees
how to spot phishing emails and SMS messages that look suspicious and avoid falling prey to
them altogether.
Reducing the number of people who have access to sensitive data or systems can also help
protect your organization against social engineering attacks because it reduces the number
of access points attackers have to gain access to critical systems or information.
Only use your computer’s admin account for program installations.
Keep your web browser and operating system up to date.
Be wary of keeping too many unnecessary programs and apps.
Always avoid websites that may contain malicious code.
Carefully read and examine security popups on the web before clicking.
Use Ad-Blocker
17. Security challenges posed by mobile devices
3. Network-based threat:
Network-based threats are especially common and risky because
cybercriminals can steal unencrypted data while people use public WiFi
networks.
Users often rely on public Wi-Fi to stay connected when they work outside
the office. These unsecured Wi-Fi networks can allow malware to be
installed on devices or eavesdroppers to intercept data.
Public WiFi networks are generally less secure than private networks
because there’s no way to know who set the network up, how (or if) it’s
secured with encryption, or who is currently accessing it or monitoring it.
And as more companies offer remote work options, the public WiFi
networks your employees use to access your servers (e.g., from coffee shops
or cafes) could present a risk to your organization.
For example, cybercriminals often set up WiFi networks that look authentic
but are actually a front to capture data that passes through their system (a
“man in the middle” attack).
Examples:
•Network Exploits
•WiFi Sniffing
•Packet Sniffing
•BYOD (Bring Your Own Device)
18. Security challenges posed by mobile devices
3. Network-based threat: Contd….
There’s no single standard for mobile devices, especially
when you allow BYOD rather than supplying the devices.
Because of the variety of devices and operating systems,
it’s difficult to apply controls consistently to ensure the
safety of all of them.
19. Security challenges posed by mobile devices
3. Network-based threat: Contd….
Tips to Combat
The best way for you to protect your organization against
threats over public WiFi networks is by requiring
employees to use a VPN to access company systems or
files. This will ensure that their session stays private and
secure, even if they use a public network to access your
systems.
20. Security challenges posed by mobile devices
4. Physical Threats:
Physical threats to mobile devices most commonly refer to
the loss or theft of a device. Because hackers have direct
access to the hardware where private data is stored, this
threat is especially dangerous to enterprises.
Example - Loss/Theft:
Loss or theft is the most unwanted physical threat to the
security of your mobile device. Any devices itself has value
and can be sold on the secondary market after all your
information is stolen and sold.
Tips to Combat
First and foremost, you’ll want to ensure employees know
what steps to take if they lose their device. Since most devices
come with remote access to delete or transfer information,
that should include asking employees to make sure those
services are activated
21. Security challenges posed by mobile devices
5. Technical challenges in mobile security are:
Managing the registry settings and configurations,
Authentication service security,
Cryptography security,
Remote access server (RAS) security,
Media player control security,
Networking application program interface (API),
security etc.
22. Registry Settings for Mobile Devices:
Let us understand the issue of registry settings on mobile
devices through an example: Microsoft Activesync is meant for
synchronization with Windows-powered personal computers
(PCs) and Microsoft Outlook. ActiveSync acts as the "gateway
between Windows-powered PC and Windows mobile-powered
device, enabling the transfer of applications such as Outlook
information, Microsoft Office documents, pictures, music,
videos and applications from a user's desktop to his/her device.
In addition to synchronizing with a PC, ActiveSync can
synchronize directly with the Microsoft exchange server so that
the users can keep their E-Mails, calendar, notes and contacts
updated wirelessly when they are away from their PCs. In this
context, registry setting becomes an important issue given the
ease with which various applications allow a free flow of
information.
23. Authentication Service Security:
There are two components of security in mobile computing:
1. security of devices and
2. security in networks.
A secure network access involves authentication between the device and the
base stations or Web servers. This is to ensure that only authenticated devices
can be connected to the network for obtaining the requested services.
No Malicious Code can impersonate the service provider to trick the device
into doing something it does not mean to. Thus, the networks also play a
crucial role in security of mobile devices.
Some eminent kinds of attacks to which mobile devices are subjected to are:
push attacks, pull attacks and crash attacks.
Authentication services security is important given the typical attacks on
mobile devices through wireless networks: Dos attacks, traffic analysis,
eavesdropping, man-in-the-middle attacks and session hijacking.
Security measures in this scenario come from Wireless Application Protocols
(WAPs), use of VPNs, media access control (MAC) address filtering and
development in 802.xx standards.
24. Attacks on Mobile/Cell Phones
(Same as Book)
1. Mobile Phone Theft:
Mobile phones have become an integral part of everbody's life and
the mobile phone has transformed from being a luxury to a bare
necessity. Increase in the purchasing power and availability of
numerous low cost handsets have also lead to an increase in mobile
phone users. Theft of mobile phones has risen dramatically over
the past few years. Since huge section of working population in
India use public transport, major locations where theft occurs are
bus stops, railway stations and traffic signals.
Attacks on Cell phones increases because of
increasing usage of cell phones and availability of internet using
cell phones.
Increasing demand of WiFi zones in Metropolitans & extensive
usage of cell phones with the lack of awareness/knowledge about
the vulnerabilities of the technology.
25. Attacks on Mobile/Cell Phones
(Same as Book)
1. Mobile Phone Theft: Contd…..
The following factors contribute for outbreaks on mobile
devices:
1. Enough target terminals: The first Palm OS virus
was seen after the number of Palm OS devices reached 15
million. The first instance of a mobile virus was observed
during June 2004 when it was discovered that an
organization "Ojam" had engineered an antipiracy
Trojan virus in older versions of their mobile phone
game known as Mosquito. This virus sent SMS text
messages to the organization without the users'
knowledge.
26. Attacks on Mobile/Cell Phones
(Same as Book)
1. Mobile Phone Theft: Contd…..
2. Enough functionality: Mobile devices are
increasingly being equipped with office functionality
and already carry critical data and applications, which
are often protected insufficiently or not at all. The
expanded functionality also increases the probability of
malware.
3. Enough connectivity: Smartphones offer multiple
communication options, such as SMS, MMS,
synchronization, Bluetooth, infrared (IR) and WLAN
connections. Therefore, unfortunately, the increased
amount of freedom also offers more choices for virus
writers.
27. Attacks on Mobile/Cell Phones
(Same as Book)
2. Mobile Viruses: Mobile Viruses
3. Mishing: Mishing
4. Vishing: Vishing
5. Smishing: Smishing
6. Hacking Bluetooth: Hacking Bluetooth