ஆடு_மாடுகோழிகளுக்கான_நாட்டு_மருத்துவம்.pdf

nghUslf;fk;
nghUslf;fk;
nghUslf;fk;
nghUslf;fk;
nghUslf;fk;
I. khL> MLfSf;F tUk; Neha;fs;
khL> MLfSf;F tUk; Neha;fs;
1. tapW cg;gprk;.
2. jPdp jpd;dhik> njspahj epiy
3. kyr;rpf;fy;
4. fopr;ry;
5. Flw;GOf;fs;
6. nrhf;fpf; nfhs;Sjy;
7. nrUky;> [yNjhk;
8. %f;filg;ghd;
9. njhz;il milg;ghd;
10. fhy; fhiz> tha;fhiz (Nfhkhhp Neha;)
11. rg;ig Neha;
12. kb Neha;
13. fha;r;ry; / Fe;J
14. gUtj;jpw;F tuhky; rpid gpbf;fhky; ,Uj;jy;
,dg;ngUf;f fhy Neha;fs;
15. ,sq;nfhb tpohjpUj;jy;
16. fh;g;gg;ig ntspj;js;Sjy;
17. rpWePh; gphpahjpUj;jy; kw;Wk; rpWePufk;
rhh;e;jgpur;rpid
18. fz; Neha;fs;
19. fhJ Neha;
20. VYk;G KwpT
21. RSf;F> mbgl;l tPf;fk;
22. nfhk;G KwpT
23. Gz;fs; / fha;fs;
24. fl;b / foiy / rpye;jp
25. nrhhpNeha;> Njhy; chpjy;
26. tpf;fb
27. ntwpeha;fb
28. Ngd;> cz;zpfs;
29. rhPu gyk;> ,uj;j tpUj;jpf;F
30. ghy; mjpfk; fwf;f
31. Fjpiu typg;G Neha;;;;;
32. jtis Neha;
33. fuiz Neha;;;;;
34. vy;yh Neha;fSf;Fk; Cwy; kUe;J
35. nrk;kwp Ml;L ePyehf;F Neha;
36. nrk;kwp Ml;L Js;Skhhp Neha;
37. erpaq;;fl;Ljy;
II . Nfhop> gwitfSf;F tUk; Neha;fs
Nfhop> gwitfSf;F tUk; Neha;fs
Nfhop> gwitfSf;F tUk; Neha;fs;
M[Puzk;;;;;
nts;;isf;fopr;ry;
,uhzpfl; fopr;ry;
thd; Nfhop fopr;ry;

Rthr Neha;fs;
fPhpg; g+r;rpfs;
jl;ilg; g+r;rpfs;
fhaq;fs;
Nfhopg;Ngd;fs; / nry;fs;
Nfhop mk;ik
III. ML khL RopfSk;> Fzq;;;fSk;
IV. ke;jphpj;J Fzg;gLj;Jjy;
V. fhy;eil jPtdk;
VI. nrk;kwp ML guhkhpg;gpy; %ypif itj;jpak;
VII. gQ;rft;ahtpd; kfpik
VIII. tajhd khLfs; ,wf;Fk; jUthapy; ,Ue;jhy;.
IX. ghAk; fhisf;F
X. khL rpid gpbj;jij vspa Kiwapy; fz;Lgpbj;jy;

1. tapW cg;gprk;
1. tapW cg;gprk;
1. tapW cg;gprk;
1. tapW cg;gprk;
1. tapW cg;gprk;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
tapW cg;gp fhzg;gLk;; xU epiyapy; epw;fhJ; ,lJ gf;f
tapw;wpy; jl;bdhy; kj;js rg;jk; Nghy; Nfl;Fk;; tapw;wpypUe;;J
,iwr;ry; rg;jk; tUk;; mbf;fb thA gphpAk;; khL tapw;W
typapdhy; mbf;fb gLf;fTk;> vOe;;jpUf;fTkhf ,Uf;Fk;;
tof;fk; Nghy; mir NghlhJ; jhkjpf;Fk; xt;nthU epkplKk;
tapW mjpfkhf cg;gp %r;R tpl Kbahky; rpukg;gLk;.
fhuzq;;fs;
fhuzq;;fs;
fhuzq;;fs;
fhuzq;;fs;
fhuzq;;fs;
nghJthf nfl;Lg; Nghd rhjj;ij mjpfkhf cz;gjhYk;;
jPtdj;jpy; Vw;gl;l jpBh; khw;wj;jhYk; ,J Vw;gLfpwJ.
khLfSf;F ,J rhjhuzkhf Nehplf;$BaJ. tapw;wpYs;s
Mfhuj;jpd; mkpy fhuq;fshy; thA cz;lhfpwJ. eide;;j
Gy;iyAk; gr;irg; Gy;iyAk; $Ljyhf cz;gjpdhYk;
,g;gpur;rpid Vw;gLfpwJ. tof;fkpy;yhj Gjpa ,uf
jPtdj;ijf; nfhLg;gjpdhYk;. khLfSf;F Nghjpa msT
rhpahdgb jPdp fpilf;fhj rkaj;jpy; kiof;F gpd; Jsph;j;j
,sk;Gy;iy mjpfkhf jpd;W tpLtjpdhYk; ,e;j tpahjp
cz;lhfpwJ. khLfspd; tapw;wpy; vg;nghOJk; rpwpjsT thA
,Ug;gJ tof;fk;. Mdhy; thA mstpw;fjpfkhf
cz;lhfptpl;lhy; mtjpg;gLk;.
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
o ey;nyz;nza; 100 kp.yp. vUf;fd; ,iyf;nfhj;J
xd;W Nrh;j;Jr; rhg;gpl itj;jhy; miu kzpNeuj;jpw;Fs; khL
mirNghl Muk;gpj;JtpLk;.
(fz;zg;gd;> gh&h;> jUkGhp)
o nty;yk; 200 fpuhkk; Vyf;fha;100 fpuhk;> fy;cg;G
100 fpuhk; %d;iwAk; ,bj;J xd;whff; fye;;J xU ehisf;F
2-3 Ntisfs; cs;Sf;Fs; nfhLf;f FzkhFk;.
(Mh;.Nf. Fg;jh> Nluh^d;)
o ntw;wpiy 10> fpuhk; ,Q;rp 20 fpuhk>; kpsF 10 fpuhk;
nts;isg;g+z;L 10 fpuhk; Mfpatw;iw ed;F ,bj;J 1 ypl;lh;
nte;ePhpy; fyf;fp nfhLj;jhy; fhy;eilfSf;f Vw;gLk;
nrhpkhdkpd;ik. tha;T> tapw;Wtyp ePq;;;;;;;;;;Fk;.
(rfd;gha;> gNuhlh> F[uhj;)
o ,e;;Jg;G> %q;;;;;;;;;;;fpy; cg;G> tisay; cg;G> fhpcg;G> rTl;Lg;G>
ghiwAg;G> ntbAg;G> Nrhj;Jg;G> fy;ehh;> fly;Eiu>
fUk;ngUq;;;;;;;;;;;fhak; xt;nthd;Wk; 25 fpuhk; (,e;j tifahd
cg;Gfs; ehl;L kUe;J filfspy; tpw;gidf;F fpilf;Fk;)
vLj;J ,bj;J #uzk; nra;J ry;yilapy; rypj;J gpuz;ilr;
rhW 1ypl;lhpy; vLj;J 25kp.yp.tpsf;nfz;nza; fye;;J
Ntisf;F ½ ypl;lh; tPjk; ,U Kiw nfhLf;fNtz;Lk;
(vk;. Rg;gpukzpad;> rpd;Ndhpghisak;> nghs;shr;rp)
1 2

o Gsp 200 fpuhk;> fy; cg;G 200 fpuhk; ,itfis ½ ypl;lh;
ePhpy; fye;;J tbfl;b cs;Ns nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;
(Mh;. nuq
(Mh;. nuq
(Mh;. nuq
(Mh;. nuq
(Mh;. nuq;;;frhkp> ,uhkNfhtpe;jd;fhL> ehfg;gl;bzk;)
;frhkp> ,uhkNfhtpe;jd;fhL> ehfg;gl;bzk;)
o Rf;F> kpsF> G+z;L Mfpait xt;nthd;wpYk; 50 fpuhk;
tPjk; vLj;J fUg;gl;b 1/4 fpNyh Nrh;j;J ,bj;J
cUz;ilahf 1 Ntis cs;Ns nfhLj;jhy; rhpahfptpLk;.
(,.,uhkrhkp. kk;khdpa}h;> jpz;Lf;fy;)
o ,uz;L tl;L gdq;;;;;;;;;;;fUg;gl;b> Nrhw;Wf;fw;whio
4 kly;fs; (Ks; ePf;fpaJ)> thiog;gok;10> Nrhsf;$o; ¼ gb
Mfpatw;iw xU ghj;jpuj;jpy; xd;whff; fiuj;J khl;Lf;F
xNu jlitapy; Cw;w Ntz;Lk;. Cw;wpa gpd; ½ kzp Neuj;jpw;Fs;
fopr;ry; ãw;gl;L khl;Lf;F tapW cg;gprk; rhpahfptpLk;.
(nghpaNtYr;rhkp> godpfTz;ld;tyR> jhuhGuk;)
o ePyp jio (tz;zhd; mThp)> [hyj;jio (eQ;rWg;ghd;)>
cj;jhkzp (Ntypg;gUj;jp) xt;nthd;wpYk; ifg;gpbasT vLj;J
miuj;J ePuhfhuj; jz;zPh; miu gbapy; fye;J 2 Ntis
Gfl;l Ntz;Lk;.
( jQ;rpfhd;> jhoq
( jQ;rpfhd;> jhoq
( jQ;rpfhd;> jhoq
( jQ;rpfhd;> jhoq
( jQ;rpfhd;> jhoq;;;Fzk;> nrQ;rp> tpOg;Guk;)
;Fzk;> nrQ;rp> tpOg;Guk;)
o ¼ fpNyh Gspiaf; fiuj;J 2 vs;Sr; nrb ,iyfis
,bj;J ,uz;ilAk; fye;;J xNu jlitapy; juNtz;Lk;.
( j
( j
( j
( j
( jq
q
q
q
q;;;fr;rhkp Njth;> Mthu
;fr;rhkp Njth;> Mthu
;fr;rhkp Njth;> Mthuq
q
q
q
q;;Fsk;> tpUJefh;)
Fsk;> tpUJefh;)
Fsk;> tpUJefh;)
Fsk;> tpUJefh;)
Fsk;> tpUJefh;)
o Rf;F 25 fpuhk;> kpsF 10 fpuhk;> ntw;wpiy 50 fpuhk;>
nfhb gpuz;il 4 jz;L ,itfis cuypy; ed;F ,bj;J
nte;ePh; 1/4 ypl;lhpy; fye;J cg;G 50 fpuhk; Nrh;j;J fyf;fp
fhiyapy; cs;Ns nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(MWKfk;> vOtzp> fhhpahgl;b)
o fUQ;rPufk; 5 fpuhk;> ntbAg;G 5 fpuhk;; ,j;Jld; 20 kp.yp
Njd;tpl;L miuj;J gg;ghsp ,iy jz;Lf;Fs; kUe;;ij Cw;w
ML my;yJ khl;bd; Mrdthapd; topahf itj;J ekJ
thahy; CjNtz;Lk;.
gg;ghsp jz;bw;F gjpyhf ½ ,Q;r; tpl;lKs;s ieyhd;
Foha; jz;zPh; ba+g;fisg; gad;gLj;jyhk;; Kidapy; rpwpJ
tpsf;nfz;nza; jltp nrhUfpf; nfhs;syhk;.
(v.gp.godpNtY> mur
(v.gp.godpNtY> mur
(v.gp.godpNtY> mur
(v.gp.godpNtY> mur
(v.gp.godpNtY> murq
q
q
q
q;;;Fb> jpUr;rp)
;Fb> jpUr;rp)
;Fb> jpUr;rp)
;Fb> jpUr;rp)
;Fb> jpUr;rp)
o thjehuhazd; kug;gl;il> KUq;;;;;;;;;;ifg;gl;il
Mfpatw;wpy; 100 fpuhk; tPjk; vLj;J 1 ypl;lh; ePUld; fha;r;rp
500 kp.yp frhak; nra;J Rf;F> Xkk>; ngUq;;;;;;;;;;fhak; 5 fpuhk; tPjk;
,bj;J fye;;J cs;Ns nfhLf;f FzkhFk;.
(ntspag;gd;> fhkaf; fTz;ld;gl;b> Njdp)
o Rf;F 50 fpuhk;> f];Jhhp kQ;rs; 50 fpuhk;> rPufk; 50
fpuhk;> <];tu %ypif ,iy 100 fpuhk; kw;Wk; rh;f;fiu
nfhy;yp ,iy 100 fpuhk; (rpW FwpQ;rhd;) Nghd;witfis
cuypy; ,bj;J cUz;ilahf;fp fhiy khiy ,UNtis rk
mstpy; nfhLj;jhy; FzkhfptpLk;.
3 4

5 6
njhl;b jz;zPh; Fbf;f tplf;$lhJ. Rj;jkhd ePiu fha;r;rp
gpd; Mwitj;J Fbf;f nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(nghpama;ahT> ry;ypf;Nfhlhq;fpgl;b> ghyNkL> kJiu)
o nrk;gpuz;il> thjhgpuz;il> ew;rPufk;> g+z;L> rptg;G
Fz;Lkzp jio Mfpatw;iw 50 fpuhk; mstpy; miuj;J
cs;Ns Gfl;l Ntz;Lk; my;yJ ntw;wpiy 10 vz;zk; fl;b
fw;Guk; 1 Rf;F 50 fpuhk; Mfpatw;iw miuj;J nfhLf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
(n[auhkd;> nra;ahd;Fsk;> tpOg;Guk;)
o nrk;gpuz;il fpoq;;;;;;;;;;;F 4> rpd;d ntq;;;;;;;;;;;fhak; fhy;; fpNyh
kpsfha; tw;wy; 2 Nrh;j;J ,bj;J vYkpr;rk; go msT
cUz;il nra;J jpdKk; khiy 3 ehl;fSf;F cs;Ns
nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(nghd;dk;khs;> kk;khdpAh;> jpz;Lf;fy;)
o kpsfuizg;gl;il> nrtf;fhL g+z;L> kuney;ypg;gl;il>
Nrw;Wg;Gz; gr;rpiy> fy;yj;jp> ntg;ghiyg;gl;il> fy;yurd;>
FUtg;g+z;L> Ntq;;;;;;;;;;;ifg;gl;il> Ntg;gk;gl;il> Gq;;;;;;;;;;fk;gl;il>
khfhypf;fpoq;;;;;;;;;;;F> rpwa ed;dhhp Nth;> gdq;;;;;;;;;;;fpoq;;;;;;;;;;;F> jz;zPh;
tpl;lhd; fpoq;;;;;;;;;;;F> re;jdkug;gl;il> kUjk;gl;il> cLg;igg;
gl;il> gpuz;il> kpsF> rPufk;> Xkk;> ngUq;;;;;;;;;;;fhak;> thAtplq;;;;;;;;;;;fk;>
kQ;rs;> Rf;F> ney;ypf;fha;> Gspaq;;;;;;;;;;;fha;> cg;G Fkpok;gl;il
Nghd;w %ypifg; nghUl;fis gRikahf ,bj;J ghiwapy;
Nghl;L tpl Ntz;Lk;. ,jid fhy;eilfSf;F fhl;bdhy;
mitfNs jhdhf jpd;WtpLk;.
,t;thW nra;j gpd;G fhy;eilfSf;F xU ehs; KOtJk;
jz;zPh; fhl;lf;$lhJ. ,t;thW tUlj;jpw;F ,uz;L Kiw
nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
(rhiy nt
(rhiy nt
(rhiy nt
(rhiy nt
(rhiy ntq
q
q
q
q;;fNlrd;> ed;dhhp fpuhkk;> NtYhh;)
fNlrd;> ed;dhhp fpuhkk;> NtYhh;)
o gpuz;il 1 nfhj;J> Gq;;;;;;;;;;fk;gl;il 50 fpuhkk; kw;Wk; gPehhp
kug;gl;il 50 fpuhkk; ,bj;J rhW tbj;J ypl;lh;
tpsf;nfz;nza; fye;;J nfhLj;jhy; rhpahfptpLk;.
(nghpama;ahT> ry;ypf;nfhlh
(nghpama;ahT> ry;ypf;nfhlhq
q
q
q
q;;fpgl;b> ghyNkL> kJiu)
fpgl;b> ghyNkL> kJiu)
o ngUq;;;;;;;;;;;fhak; 10 fpuhk;> Rf;F 10 fpuhk;> kpsF 10 fpuhk;>
jpg;gpyp 10 fpuhk;> fUg;gl;b ¼ fpNyh ,it midj;ijAk;
,bj;J thio ,iyapy; itj;J cs;Sf;Ff; nfhLf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
(,uhK> #uhzk;> rptf
(,uhK> #uhzk;> rptf
(,uhK> #uhzk;> rptf
(,uhK> #uhzk;> rptf
(,uhK> #uhzk;> rptfq
q
q
q
q;;if)
if)
if)
if)
if)
o xU fpNyh rpWJk;ig nrbia vLj;J ePh;tplhJ
,bj;J 250 kp.yp.rhW vLj;J cs;Ns nfhLj;jhy; fopr;ry;
Vw;gl;L cg;gprk; rupahFk;. ,e;;j itj;jpaj;ij mDrhpf;Fk;
rkak; GiuNahb tplhJ nkJthf cs;Ns nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
( MWKfk;> vOtzp> fhhpahgl;b)
o NguhKl;b ,iy 100 fpuhkk;> rPufk; 50 fpuhk; vLj;J
jdpNa ,bj;J xd;whff; fye;J cs;Ns nfhLf;fNtz;Lk;.
(Rg;igah> g+rhhpgl;b> jpUg;gj;Jhh;)

7 8
o fhh;Nghf mhprp 10 fpuhk;> Xkk; 10 fpuhk;> trk;G 5 fpuhk;>
ngUq;;fhak; 10 fpuhk;> Klf;fj;jhd; ,iy xU ifg;gpb> ,Q;rp
5 fpuhk; vy;yhtw;iwAk; xd;whf miuj;J xU KO
vYkpr;rk;gor; rhW Nrh;j;J 200 kp.yp. jz;zPhpy; fye;;J xU
Ntisf;Fj; juNtz;Lk;.
(Kj;J> kzg;gr;Nrhp> nfhl;lhk;gl;b> kJiu)
o tpsf;nfz;iza; 200 kp.yp.Ald; fl;b #lk;2>
ngUq;fhak; 5 fpuhk; nghbj;J nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. (my;yJ)
25 fpuhk; Rf;F Jhs;> 15 fpuhk; kpsF Jhs;> 1 ypl;lh; rhuhak;
,jid 5 ypl;lh; ePhpy; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. Fzkhd 2 my;yJ
3 ehl;fSf;F 20 fpuhk; Rf;F JhisAk;> 40 fpuhk; rikay;
Nrhlh cg;igAk; Nrh;j;J jPdpapyhtJ my;yJ jz;zPhpyhtJ
Nrh;j;Jf; nfhLf;fyhk;. my;yJ Rf;Fj;Jhs; 20 fpuhk;>
epyNtk;G 20 fpuhk;> Xkk;10fpuhk;> vl;bf;nfhl;il 5-10 fpuhk;
,itfis ed;whfg; nghbnra;J jPdpapy; Nrh;j;J 3 Kjy; 5
ehs; tiu nfhLf;fyhk;.
(fhy;eil guhkhpg;G Jiw nra;jp Fwpg;G - 1954> nrd;id)
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
Nrhh;e;;J fhzg;gLk;; jPtdk;> jz;zPh; rhptu vLf;fhJ;
,isj;Jf; nfhz;NlapUf;Fk;;; fz; Fope;;J ,Uf;Fk;;
ghy;jUk; khLfspd; ghy; msT Fiwe;;J tpLk;.
fhuz
fhuz
fhuz
fhuz
fhuzq
q
q
q
q;fs;
fs;
fs;
fs;
fs;
jPtd khw;wk;> fha;r;ry; mYg;G> fl;Lj;jiu khWjy;>
ehtuiz Nghd;w fhuzq;fshy; Vw;gLk;.
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
o 1 fpNyh gpuz;ilia ,bj;J ,j;Jld; 100 fpuhk;
kQ;rs;> 100 fpuhk; fy; cg;G Nrh;j;J khl;bd; ehf;fpy; Nja;j;J
gpd;dh; ftskhf cs;Sf;Fs; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
( Gy;yhf;fTz;lh;> njhz;lhKj;Jhh;> Nfhit)
o nrk;gpuz;il> nts;is Gurk;gl;il> nrUg;gbr;rhuiz>
rPufk; xt;nthd;Wk; 50 fpuhk; vLj;J ,it midj;ijAk;
,bf;f Ntz;Lk;. gpd;dh; Ks; ePf;fpa Nrhw;Wf; fw;whio
xUkly;> Ntg;ngz;iza; 100 kp.yp. Nrh;j;J ed;whfg; gpire;;J
cs;Ns nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(v];.Kj;Jr;rhkp> Fspj;jiy> jpUr;rp)

9 10
o Nrhw;Wf; fw;whio klypd; gf;f Ks;is ePf;fp ,uz;lhfg;
gpse;;J cg;igj; jltp nts;isj; Jzpapy; Rw;wp ,utpy; tPl;Lf;
$iuapy; gdpapy; itj;J tpl;Lf;fhiy Ntisapy; khl;bw;Ff;
nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. thuk; xU Kiw njhlh;e;;J 3 thuq;;fSf;F
nfhLf;fyhk;.
gpuz;il> cg;G> Gspaq;fha;> gr;ir kpsfha; Mfpatw;iwr;
Nrh;j;J ,bj;J miuj;J gir Nghyhf;fp ehf;fpd; Nky; itj;J
ed;whf Nja;j;J tplTk;. gpd;G xU Jzpahy; tha;gFjpapd; Nky;
2 kzp Neuj;jpw;F fl;btpl Ntz;Lk;. gpd;G fl;il mtpo;j;J
tpl Ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy; khL ed;whf jPtdk; vLf;Fk;.
fkiy xl;b eype;j khLfSf;F Ntq;ifg;gl;il> EhW
tUlk; nrd;w Ntg;gkug; gl;il> nts;Ntyhk; gl;il
xt;nthd;Wk; 100 fpuhk; msT vLj;J ,itfis ePhpy; xU
thuk; Cw itj;J fpilf;Fk; gPh; khjphpahd jputj;ij 3 ehl;fs;
cs;Sf;Fs; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,j;Jld; fUQ;rPufk; 10 fpuhk;>
gid nty;yk; 250 fpuhk; ,bj;J ,j;Jld; Nrh;j;Jf; nfhLf;f
khL cly; typik ngWk;.
(uh[g;gh> njd;fdpf;Nfhl;il> jUkGhp)
o fhl;Lnehr;rp ,iy xU ifg;gpb> Fg;igNkdp ,iy xU
ifg;gpb> kQ;rdj;jp ,iy (Edh) xU ifg;gpb> gpuz;il
nfhOe;;J xU ifg;gpb> kQ;rs; 100 fpuhk;> rPufk; 100 fpuhk;>
cg;G 200 fpuhk;> kpsfha;tw;wy; 100 fpuhk;> ntq;fhak; 200 fpuhk;
,it midj;ijAk; ,bj;J cUz;il nra;J %d;W rk
gq;fhfg; gphpj;J 3 Ntis cs;Ns nfhLf;f cly; NjWk;;
ed;whfj; jPdp> ePh; vLj;Jf;nfhs;Sk;.
(nts;skhaj;Njth;> nrf;fhDhuzp> kJiu)
o khl;bd; ehf;fpd; gpd;Gwj;jpy; gr;ir epw euk;G
(,uj;jf;Foha;) njd;gl;lhy;> ghjpj;;j khl;bd; %f;fpd; Kid
kpDkpDg;ghfTk;> cly; ,isf;fTk; Muk;gpf;Fk;. thapypUe;;J
ePh; tbe;;Jnfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;. ehf;Fj; jbj;J ,Uf;Fk;>
jPtdk; vLf;fhJ.
o ehf;if Gul;b fU-uj;jk; (gr;ir euk;G) nfhz;l euk;ig
Crpahy; Fj;jp ,uj;jj;ij ntspNaw;wpa gpd;G fy; cg;Gj;Jhis
GspAld; gpire;;J> euk;;G Fj;jpa ,lj;jpy; Nja;f;f Ntz;Lk;.
gpd;dh; fPo;f;fz;l kUe;ij ftskhff; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
o rPufk; 35 fpuhk;> fUg;gl;b 175 fpuhk;> nte;;jak; 175 fpuhk;>
Xkk; 20 fpuhk; Mfpatw;iw ed;whf miuj;J Njitahd msT
gRk; ghYld; fye;;J mj;Jld; ey;nyz;nza; 175 kp.yp. fyf;fp
jpdKk; 1 Ntis tPjk; 3 ehl;fs; njhlh;e;;J cs;Sf;Ff;
nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(Mh;. etePjfpU;zd;> cj;jpunkUh;> nrq;if)
o %d;W khjq;fspypUe;;J xU tUlk; Md fd;Wfs;
ghiyf; Fbf;fhkYk;> Gy;iy NkahkYk; ,Uf;Fk;. ,jw;F
gR khl;L ntz;nzAld; vUf;fq;;nfhOe;;J rpwpjsT vLj;J
miuj;J RL jz;zPhpy; fye;;J tha;f;Fs; Cw;w Ntz;Lk;.

11 12
o Mfha fUld;fpoq;F (nfhy;yq;Nfhit fpoq;F) miu
fpNyh> gpuz;il nfhOe;;J fhy; fpNyh> rpwpa ntq;fhak; miu
fpNyh> cg;G 100 fpuhk;> rPufk; 50 fpuhk;> Xkk; 50 fpuhkk;>
JUtpa Njq;fha; 1 ,it midj;ijAk; ,bj;J %d;W
cUz;ilahff; nfhLj;jhy; Njuhj> ,iu vLf;fhj khL
kw;Wk; ghy; fwf;fhj khL midj;jpw;Fk; epth;j;jp MFk;.
(vy;.rpd;dg;gd;> fhe;;jp fpuhkk;> jpz;Lf;fy;)
o Mthiu ,iy> Jj;jp ,iy> ghfy; ,iy> KR
KRf;if ,iy> Fg;igNkdp ,iy> Jk;ig ,iy> nfhSQ;rp
,iy> gpuz;il rpwpjsT Mfpa xt;nthd;wpYk; xU ifg;gpb
asT vLj;Jf;nfhz;L> mij ed;whf cuypy; Nghl;L ,bf;f
Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; 100 fpuhk; ntq;fhak; Nrh;j;J ,bj;J
rpwpJ kQ;rs;Jhs; Jhtp> ed;whf gpire;;J 100 fpuhk; msT
cUz;ilfshf cUl;bf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
gpd;G khl;il gpbj;Jf;nfhz;L mjd; ehf;Fg; gFjpapy;
cg;G Nghl;L ed;whfj; Nja;j;J cUz;ilfis vLj;J xU
Ntisf;F ,uz;L tPjk;> fhiy> khiy> ,uz;L NtisAk;>
,uz;L ehl;fSf;F nfhLj;jhy; khL ed;whfj; jPtdk; kw;Wk;
jz;zPh; vLg;gJld;> Neha; vjph;g;Gr; rf;jpAk; mjpfkhfg; ngWk;.
NkYk; fhy;eil ed;whf cly;thFld; fhzg;gLk;.
(tp[ah fNzrd;> Nfhtpe;;j efuk;> Njdp)
o <];tu %ypif Nth; (jiyr;RUsp) 50 fpuhk; msT
vLj;J miuj;J 2 Ntis ePUld; Nrh;j;J cs;Ns Gfl;l
Ntz;Lk;.
(ma;ahj;Jiu Nfhdhh;> b.fpU;zhGuk;> kJiu)
O ,Q;rp 10 fpuhk;> rpj;juj;ij 10 fpuhk;> rpWntq;fhak; 50
fpuhk;> fUQ;rPufk; 5 fpuhk; vy;yhtw;iwAk; Nrh;j;J miuj;J
2 vYkpr;rk; gor; rhW gpope;;J 300 kp.yp. jz;zPUld; fye;;J
xNu jlitapy; cs;Ns nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
( Kj;J> kzg;gr;Nrhp> nfhl;lhk;gl;b> kJiu)
frha kUe;;J
frha kUe;;J
frha kUe;;J
frha kUe;;J
frha kUe;;J
tapW rk;ge;;jkhd midj;J tpahjpfSf;Fk; ,e;;j
frha kUe;;J Vw;;wJ. Rf;F> kpsF> jpg;gpyp> rpj;juj;ij> fLf;fha;>
mjpkJuk;> ehty; nfhl;;il> ney;yp tw;wy;> neUQ;rp Ks;>
fz;lq;fj;jphp tpij kw;Wk; nte;;jak; Mfpa xt;nthd;wpYk;20
fpuhk; vLj;J xU kz;ghz;lk; my;yJ nrk;G ghidapy; 4
ypl;lh; ePUld; fye;;J 2 ehl;fs; Cwitf;f Ntz;Lk;.
%d;whtJ ehs; kQ;rdj;jp> Ntk;G> Gsp> gid> njd;id kw;Wk;
ney; ckp Nghd;wtw;why; vhpj;J 4 ypl;lh; ePh; 2 ypl;luhf tw;Wk;
tiu fha;r;rp mLg;NghL itj;jpUe;;J kWehs; ntJ ntJg;ghf
#L nra;J gUj;jpj; Jzpapy; tbfl;b frhak; vLj;J Rj;jkhd
ghl;bypy; Cw;wp itj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

fhiyapy; ntWk; tapw;wpy; 100 kp.yp. msT ,e;;j
kUe;;ij cs;Sf;Fs; Cw;w Ntz;Lk;. kUe;;J nfhLj;jgpd; 2
kzp Neuj;jpw;F NtW jPtdk; nfhLf;f $lhJ. ,Nj Nghy;
,uT jPdp vLj;j gpd;G 100 kpyp kUe;ij cs;Sf;Fs; Cw;w
Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW njhlhe;;J 48 ehl;fs; rpfpr;ir mspj;jhy;
tapW rk;ge;;jkhd gpur;rpidfs;; rhpahfp khL ehd;F jPtdk;
vLf;Fk;.
(kfhypq;fk;> jpahfuh[Guk;> tpUJefh;)
krhy; cUz;il jahh;nra;J nfhLj;jy;
fz;lq;fj;jphp> rpWJk;ig> Fg;igNkdp> tPyp> ngUJk;ig>
crpiy> Jsrp> Mthuk;g+ tpuhyp> %q;;fpy; ,iy>
Gspak;gpuz;il> Jj;jp> KRKRf;if> nfhSQ;rp> kQ;rzj;jp>
Ntypg;gUj;jp> epyNtk;G> nfha;ah nfhOe;;J ,iy> ntw;wpiy
Mfpatw;wpy; tiff;F 50 fpuhk; (xU ifg;gpb msT) vLj;Jf;
nfhz;L ed;whf,bf;f Ntz;Lk;. jpg;gpyp> rPufk;> Nrhk;G>
ngUq;fhak;> thy; kpsF> Rf;F> kpsF> kpsfha;tw;wy;> frfrh>
,ytq;fk;> nte;;jak;> Xkk;> ky;yp> khtpyq;;fk;gl;il
Mfpatw;iw tiff;F 10 fpuhk; vLj;J ,bf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,itfSld; thiog;G 1> fy; mj;jpf;fha; 100 fpuhk;> Nrhw;W
fw;whio fhy;fpNyh> gpuz;il miu fpNyh> rpWntq;fhak;
miu fpNyh> Njq;fha; 1> nts;isG+z;L 100 fpuhk;>
nfhy;yq;Nfhit fpoq;F 100 fpuhk;> nty;yk; 100 fpuhk;
,itfis ePh; Cw;whky; nkhj;jkhf Ml;b cUz;ilfshf;fp
itj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,e;;j cUz;ilfs; xt;nthd;Wk;
Rkhh; 100 fpuhk; msT ,Uf;FkhW gpbf;f Ntz;Lk;.
MLfSf;Fk;> fd;WfSf;Fk; 50 fpuhk; msT cUz;ilfshf
gpbj;J itj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;. ,e;;j cUz;ilfis
kQ;rs;Jhspy; cUl;b vLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jid 4 ehl;fs;
tiu nflhky; itj;jpUf;fyhk;. fhy;eilfSf;F fhiy
khiy 3 ehl;fs; tiu nfhLj;J tu Ntz;Lk;. ,J khLfspd;
,isg;G> milg;ghd;> tapw;Wf; fpUkp Mfpatw;iw ePf;fg;
;gad;gLk;. ,e;j krhy; cUz;ilia NghLtjw;F Kd;G ehf;if
,Oj;J gpbj;J ehf;fpd; mbg;ghfj;jpy; cs;s gr;ir epw ,uj;j
ehsq;fis xU Crpahy; Fj;jp mRj;j ,uj;jj;ij ntspNaw;w
Ntz;Lk;. gpwF cg;G> Gsp fye;;J ehf;fpd; kPJ ed;whfj; Nja;j;J
tpl Ntz;Lk;.
filgpbf;f Ntz;bad
filgpbf;f Ntz;bad
filgpbf;f Ntz;bad
filgpbf;f Ntz;bad
filgpbf;f Ntz;bad
FbePh; NghJkhd msT Fbf;ff; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. FbePh;
Fbj;j gpd;Gk; NkYk; ePh; Fbf;f ehf;fpy; Nrhj;J cg;ig Nja;j;J
tpl Ntz;Lk;. ,q;qdk; 2-3 ehl;fs; njhlh;e;;J nra;J tu
Ntz;Lk;.
(%f;fd;> Nkycug;gDhh;> jpUkq;fyk;> kJiu)
Nkw;fz;l Kiwia filgpbj;J ,Jtiu Rkhh; 10>000-
j;jpw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ML> khLfSf;F nfhLj;J ey;y gyd;
ngw;wij ehq;fs; ghh;j;JtUfpd;Nwhk;. Nrth %yk;
nfhLj;j gapw;rpapy; gy khzth;fSf;F ,jid fw;Wf;
nfhLj;J mth;fSk; jq;fs; ,lq;fspy; nfhLj;J
ghh;j;jjpy; ey;y gyd; fpilj;j mDgtj;ij vq;fs;
Nrth gzpahsh;fSld; gfphe;;Js;sdh;. - Mrphpah;.
13 14

15 16
O kQ;rs;> Xkk;> f];Jhhp kQ;rs;> mhprp> jpg;gpyp>
thy;kpsF> tyk;Ghpf;fha;> rPufk; >fUQ;rPufk; Mfpa
xt;nthd;wpYk; 20 fpuhk;> rpd;d ntq;fhak; 1 fpNyh> rjFg;ig
10 fpuhk;> fpuhk;G 20 fpuhk;> vyk; 20 fpuhk;> ky;yp 20 fpuhk;>
fr;rf;Fkl;b Nth; 1 gpb> %q;fpy; Jhh; fpoq;F1> Njq;fha; 2
,tw;iw ,bj;J ey;nyz;nza; miu ypl;lhpy; gpire;;J
vYkpr;rk;go msT cUz;ilahf xU ehisf;F ,uz;L tPjk;
5 ehl;fSf;F nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(Kj;Juh[;> FUe;jk;gl;b> Ntlre;;Jhh;> jpz;Lf;fy;)
O Gspak;gpuz;il fpoq;if 4 vz;zk; vLj;J miuj;J
cs;Ns nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,k;Kiwia 3 ehl;fSf;F
fhiyapy; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;.
(Rg;igah> godpfTz;ld; tyR> jhuhGuk;> <NuhL)
O 100 fpuhk; rPdhf;fhuk;; ePhpy; fiuj;J cs;Sf;F;; nfhLf;f
Ntz;Lk;. ,J grpia Jhz;Lk;. ,jid fd;W <d;w gpwF 8-
10 ehl;fSf;Ff; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. NehapypUe;;J Njwpa gpwFk;
,jid nfhLf;fyhk;. 100 kp.yp. ey;nyz;nza;> xU nfhj;J
vUf;fd; ,iyfs; cs;Sf;Ff; nfhLg;gJ nrhpkhdk;
cz;lhFk;.
(mg;Jy;urhf;> kJiu)
(mg;Jy;urhf;> kJiu)
(mg;Jy;urhf;> kJiu)
(mg;Jy;urhf;> kJiu)
(mg;Jy;urhf;> kJiu)
O rpd;dpj;jio (Acalypha fruiticosa) ,uz;L ifg;gpb
msT vLj;J ,j;Jld; cg;G20 fpuhk;> Rf;F 10 fpuhk;>
Nrhw;Wf;fw;whio NrhW (4 kly;fspypUe;;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ)
,it midj;ijAk; ed;F miuj;J 2 cUz;il gpbj;J
khl;bw;F ,uz;L Ntisfs; Nghl;Nld;. ,jw;F gpd; ed;F ePh;
Fbf;f Muk;gpj;J jPtdKk; vLj;jJ.
ghy; 2 ehl;fspy; 4 ypl;lh; $ba gpd; xU thuj;jpy; gioa 7
ypl;lh; ghy; jUk; epiyf;F te;;J tpl;lJ.
(ng.tpNtfhde;jd; > tpuhl;bgj;J> kJiu)

17 18
3. kyr;rpf;fy;
3. kyr;rpf;fy;
3. kyr;rpf;fy;
3. kyr;rpf;fy;
3. kyr;rpf;fy;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
fhy;eilfspd; rhzk; fy; Nghy; ,Wfyhf ,Uf;Fk;.
khL rhzj;ij nfhQ;rk; nfhQ;rkhf GOf;if Nghy jpzwpf;
nfhz;L NghLk; my;yJ rhzk; NghlhkNyNa ,Uf;Fk;.
jPdp jpd;dhkYk;> mir NghlhkYk; FWfpg;NghAk;>
Nrhh;thf fhzg;gLk;. rpy fhy;eilfSf;F tapW
typAkpUf;Fk;.
fhuzq;fs;
fhuzq;fs;
fhuzq;fs;
fhuzq;fs;
fhuzq;fs;
nrhpkhdf; NfhshwpdhYk;> ePh; rj;J ,y;yhj
twj;jPtdk; mjpfkhf cz;gjhYk; cz;lhfpwJ. ,J khLfs;
jq;fSf;F gpbj;jkhd Mfhuk; fpilf;Fk; nghOJ msTf;F
kpQ;rpj;jpd;W tpLtjhYk; Vw;gLfpwJ. NkYk; fhy;eilfSf;F
twj;jPtdk; mjpfkhf nfhLj;J NghjpasT jz;zPh;
nfhLf;fhkypUe;;jhYk; ,J cz;lhFk;.
itj;jpaKiwfs;
itj;jpaKiwfs;
itj;jpaKiwfs;
itj;jpaKiwfs;
itj;jpaKiwfs;
O eha;g;ghif ,iy 100 fpuhk; miuj;J miu ypl;lh;
ghYld; fye;;J cs;Ns nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(n[afhe;;jd;> Nrh;thh;tpLjp> gl;Lf;Nfhl;il)
O ,ytk;gQ;R ifg;gpbasT> 100 kp.yp. tpsf;nfz;nzA;;
-Ald; Fioj;J cs;Sf;Ff; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. gpwFk; rhzk;
ntspNawhtpl;lhy;> ntJ ntJg;ghd ePhp;y; Nrhg;igf; fiuj;J
(uh. mofh;rhkp> Nfhlhq;;fpg;gl;b> Nghbehaf;fDhh;> Njdp)
O tpsf;nfz;nza; 200 kp.yp. my;yJ 100 fpuhk;
Mkzf;F Kj;J miuj;J fhy;gb jz;zPhpy; fye;;J nfhLf;f
vUf;fl;b Neha; jPUk;. my;yJ kUjk; gl;iliaAk; 50 fpuhk;>
rPufj;ijAk; Nrh;j;J cs;Ns nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. my;yJ
Mkzf;F Kj;J 150 fpuhk; miuj;J fhy; gb ePhpy; fye;;J
cs;Ns Gfl;l Ntz;Lk;. my;yJ epythif ,iy 100 fpuhk;
miuj;J rPdp 100 fpuhk; Nrh;j;J ePhpy; fye;;J cs;Ns Gfl;l
Ntz;Lk;.
( ma;ahj;Jiu Nfhdhh;> b.fpU;zhGuk;> kJiu)
O tpsf;nfz;nza; 100 kp.yp. cs;Ns Cw;w Ntz;Lk;.
my;yJ gok;ghrp jio 2 ifg;gpb msT miuj;J
tpsf;nfz;nza; 200 kp.yp.Ald; fye;;J cs;Ns Gfl;l
Ntz;Lk;. my;yJ Fg;igNkdp ,iy 2 ifg;gpb msT ,bj;J
Nrhw;Wf; fw;whioapd; xU kly; NrhWld; Nrh;j;J Gfl;l
Ntz;Lk;.
(nghpa ma;ahT> ry;ypNfhlhq;;fpgl;b> ghyNkL > kJiu)
O NghuhKl;b ,iy 50 fpuhk;> rPufk; 25 fpuhk; ,uz;ilAk;
miuj;J xNu jlitapy; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
( Rg;igah> g+rhhpgl;b> jpUg;gj;jJhh;> rptfq;if)
O Nrhw;Wf;fw;whio NrhWld;> tPyp ,iy 20 fpuhk;> vs;
,iy 20 fpuhk; fye;;J ,bj;J 200 kp.yp. ,sePhpy; fye;;J

19 20
O mThp (nrd;dh) ,iyfis epoypy; cyh;j;jp #uzk;
nra;J xU Ntisf;F 20 fpuhk; tPjk; vLj;J fUg;gl;b 100
fpuhKld; Nrh;j;J cs;Ns nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
O kQ;rs; fpoq;F 100 fpuhk; vLj;J 1 ypl;lh; FbePhpy;
nfhjpf;f itj;J tbfl;ba frhaj;ij 1 ehisf;F xU
Kiwahf 1-3 ehl;fSf;F nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(mg;Jy; urhf;> kJiu)
O xU ypl;lh; RL jz;zPhpy ¼ fpNyh cg;G Nrh;;j;J
mj;Jld; 20 fpuhk; Rf;F nghb Nrh;j;J cs;Ns nfhLf;f
Ntz;Lk;. khl;bw;;F tapw;W typ ,Ue;jhy; ,j;Jld; 20 fpuhk;
kpsF JhisAk; Nrh;j;J nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;;j kUe;;;J
nfhLj;J 12 kzp Neuj;jpw;Fs; Ngjp Mfhky; ,Ue;;jhy;
tpsf;nfz;iza; 200 - 400 kp.yp. cs;Ns Gfl;l Ntz;Lk;.
(fhy;eil guhkhpg;G Jiw> nra;jp Fwpg;G - 1954> nrd;id)
4. fopr;ry;
4. fopr;ry;
4. fopr;ry;
4. fopr;ry;
4. fopr;ry;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
rhzk; jz;zPuhf ,Uf;Fk; ; Jh;ehw;wkhf ,Uf;Fk; ;
rhzk; gPr;rp mbf;Fk;; jhfk; mjpfkhf vLf;Fk; nrhpahj
jPtdk; rhzj;Jld; fye;;J tUk;; thy; kw;Wk;
gpd;dq;fhy;fspy; fope;;j rhzk; xl;bf; nfhz;L fhzg;gLk;
ehSf;Fehs; khl;bd; cly; nkype;;JNghFk;.
fhuzq;fs;
fhuzq;fs;
fhuzq;fs;
fhuzq;fs;
fhuzq;fs;
fhy;eilfs; rhg;gpLk; jPtdj;jpy; khw;wk; Vw;gLk; NghJk;
kio nga;jTld; jiof;Fk; Gjpa Gy;> Gz;Lfis jpd;gjhYk;
fopr;ry; cz;lhFk;. Flypy; g+r;rpfspd; ghjpg;G ,Ue;;jhYk;>
cly; c;zj;jpdhYk;> nrhpahikapdhYk; mRj;jkhd ePiu
Fbg;gjhYk; rpy rkaq;fspy; ntf;if> njhj;J tpahjpahy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;lhYk; fopr;ry; cz;lhFk;.
filgpbf;f Ntz;ba jLg;G Kiwfs;
- nfl;Lg;Nghfhj jPtdk; kw;Wk; ey;y FbePh;; fpilf;f top
nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
- kiof; fhyk; my;yJ gdpf;fhyq;fspy; fhiy
Nka;r;ry; 10 kzpf;F Nky; Muk;gpf;fyhk;. Vnddpy;
gdpj;Jspfs; 10 kzpf;F Nky; kiwe;;JtpLk;.
- ehw;wKs;s fopr;rYf;F> Flw;GO ePf;fp kUe;;J nfhLf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
- ntf;if (njhj;J Neha;) tUk; Kd;dh; jf;f jLg;G
Kiwia ifahsyhk;.

21 22
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
O gok;ghrpj;jio xU ifg;gpb msT> Ntg;gq;nfhOe;;J
ifg;gpb msT vLj;J mj;Jld; rpd;d ntq;fhak; 5-7
vz;zpf;if msT vLj;J ,uz;ilAk; ed;whf miuj;J
khl;Lf;F cs;Ns nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(KUfjh];> mk;ghj;Jiu> jpz;Lf;fy;)
O Ntg;gq;nfhOe;;J> nfha;ahnfhOe;;J> khJsq;nfhOe;;J
xt;nthd;Wk; ifg;gpb msT vLj;J 100 fpuhk; nty;yk;
Nrh;j;J miuj;J cs;Sf;Fs; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(kh.rpd;df;fz;Z> Myq;;Fb> GJf;Nfhl;il)
O nfhs;Sf;fhthsp (nfhSQ;rp) jioia ,uz;L ifg;gpb
msT vLj;J 100 fpuhk; nty;yk; Nrh;j;J miuj;J
cs;Sf;Fs; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(tbNtY> rq;;fPjkq;fyk;> tpOg;Guk;)
O Rf;F 10 fpuhk;> cyh;e;;j ney;ypf;fha; 20 fpuhk;> rh;f;fiu
20 fpuhk; ,e;;j %d;iwAk; miuypl;lh; ePUld; fye;;J xU
ehisf;F ,uz;L Kiw nfhLf;fyhk;.
Nfhilfhyj;jpy; fopr;ry; fz;lhy; tpy;t goj;ijf;
fhaitj;Jg; nghbnra;J> fQ;rhr;nrbtpij> fUNtyk; gprpd;
tiff;F 10 fpuhk; vLj;J nty;yk; 50 fpuhKld; Nrh;j;J
miuj;J xU ehisf;F fhiy khiy ,uz;L Ntis tPjk;
3 ehl;fs;tiu njhlh;e;;J nfhLj;J tu FzkhFk;.
(Mh;.Nf.Fg;jh> ifr;. Mh;>rpQ;> NluhLPd;)
O ,Yg;igj; jio ½ fpNyh vLj;J ,bj;J rhnwLj;J
Cw;w Ntz;Lk; my;yJ Mj;jp ,iyia nfhLf;fyhk;
my;yJ KO tuif 2 gb mtpj;J khl;Lf;F itf;f Ntz;Lk;.
my;yJ Ckj;jq;fhia Rl;L Nky;Njhiy vLj;Jtpl;L ePh;
tpl;L miuj;J khl;Lf;F Cw;wNtz;Lk;. ,jw;Fk;
Fzkhfhtpl;lhy; ,k;khl;bw;F ~Fly;thjk;| vd;W njhpe;;J
nfhs;syhk;.
(ehuhazd;> md;dkq;;fyk;> nguk;gYhh;)
O nfhs;Sfhthsp (nfhSQ;rp ,iy) 2 ifg;gpb msTld;
Njq;fha;j; JUty;> rPufk;> kpsfha; tw;wy; Mfpatw;iw 10
fpuhk; tPjk; Nrh;j;J miuj;J cUz;ilahf cUl;b 3 ehl;fs;
fhiy> khiy njhlh;e;;J nfhLf;f FzkilAk;.
(uh. mofh;rhkp> Nfhlhq;;fpgl;b> Nghbehaf;fDhh;> Njdp)
O mjpkJuk;> trk;G> Rf;F> xkk;> kpsF> nte;jak;
xt;nthd;Wk;10 fpuhk; msT Nrh;j;J miuj;Jf; nfhLf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
nfhk;gk;;ghiy ,iyia miuj;J miu ypl;lh; rhWld;
xU vYkpr;ir goj;ij gpope;;J 2 ehl;fs; nfhLf;f fopr;ry;
rk;ge;jg;gl;l Neha;fs; jPUk;.
O ngUneUQ;rp (ahid neUQ;rp) ,iyia xU ifg;gpb
msT vLj;J 200 kp.yp. ePUld; gpire;;J xU ehisf;F 2
Ntis tPjk; 2 ehl;fs; nfhLj;jhy; epth;j;jp fpilf;Fk;.
(v];.gp.fpU;zrhkp> Nkyr;nrhf;fehjGuk;> Nghb> Njdp)

23 24
O 1/2 fpNyh Jtiu tpijia 1.5 ypl;lh; ePhpy;
Ntfitj;J ePiu ghjpahf tw;w itf;f Ntz;Lk;. gpd;G
mijf;f Fspuitj;J xNu jlitapy; Fbf;f nfhLf;f
Ntz;Lk; .
(uh[g;gh> vUkj;jdg;gs;sp gapy;fhL> jUkGhp)
O 1/4 fpNyh gUj;jp tpijiaAk;> ehiye;;J gOj;jg+tur
,iyiaAk; vLj;J ePh;tpl;L mtpj;Jf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(rhKNty;> mf];jP];tuk;> fd;dpahFkhp)
O tPyp ,iy ¼ fpNyh> rpd;d ntq;;fhak; 200 fpuhk;>
rPufk; 50 fpuhk; ,itfis Gspr;rj;jz;zPhpy; Cw itj;J
,bj;J xU ehh;j;jq;fha; msT cUz;ilahf;fp xU Ntisf;F
3 cUz;ilfis cs;Sf;F nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,NjNghy; 3
ehl;fs; ( kW ehSk;> mLj;jehSk;) fhiy 7 kzpf;F khl;bw;F
nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
O ghy;Fbj;j fd;W fope;;jhy; 50 fpuhk; frfrh> xU
khJsk;gpQ;R Nrh;j;J miuj;J nfhLj;jhy; 2 my;yJ 3
ehspy; fopr;ry; epw;Fk;.
(Mh;.,uhK.,Yg;gFb>rptfq;;;if)
O xU tUlj;jpw;Fs; cz;lhd fd;Wf; Fl;b khLfs;
fope;;jhy;> rpj;juj;ij 50 fpuhk;> khrpf;fha; ,uz;L>
nts;isg+z;L 50 fpuhk; midj;ijAk; mk;kpapy; itj;J
miuj;J %d;W Ntis nte;;ePhpy; fye;;J nfhLf;f ePh;fopr;ry;
Neha; jPUk;;.
(k.fhspag;gd;> t.GJg;gl;b> jpUtpy;ypGj;Jhh;> tpUJefh;)
O ,sq;;fd;Wfs; m[{uzf; NfhshW fhuzkhfg;
ghjpf;fg;gLk; rkak; tapw;iw Rj;jg;gLj;j 100 kp.yp.
tpsf;nfz;iza; cs;Sf;Fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;L rhzk; fopf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lk;. gpd;G 25 fpuhk; fy; cg;G> 25fpuhk; Rf;F Jhs;> 25
fpuhk; kpsFj;Jhs;> 25 fpuhk; epyNtk;GJhs; %d;Wk; fye;;J
,uz;L gq;;fhf gphpj;J fhiy> khiy ePUld; fye;;J cs;Ns
Gfl;l Ntz;Lk;. xU Ntisf;F 50 fpuhk; tPjk; 2 Ntis
nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(ntq;fluhikah> fzfGuh> fh;ehlfh)
O Mthue;;jio ½ fpNyh vLj;J 25 fpuhk; rPufj;Jld;
Nrh;j;J cuypypl;L krpa Ml;b mjDld; ½ ypl;lh; Nkhh;
fye;;J cs;Sf;F Cw;w Ntz;Lk;. (my;yJ)
O khk;gl;ilapd; cs;gFjp ½ fpNyh vLj;J mj;Jld;
Nky; Njhy; ePf;fpa thiog;g+ 25fpuhk;> rPufj;Jld; cuypypl;L
Ml;b cs;Sf;Fs; Cw;w Ntz;Lk;.
(my;yJ)
O mfj;jpf;fPiu ½ fpNyh> rpd;d ntq;;fhak; 1 fpNyh
,uz;ilAk; Ntfitj;J Ml;b> ePUld; fye;J cs;Sf;Fs;
Cw;wpdhy; fopr;ry; FzkhFk;. my;yJ ehty;gl;ilia

25 26
cuypypl;L ,bj;J ½ ypl;lh; msT Nkhh; my;yJ ePhpy;
fiuj;J cs;Sf;F Cw;wpdhYk; fopr;ry; fl;Lg;gLk;.
(e.Nfhtpe;;jd;> nry;ypak;ghisak;> fhhpg;gl;b> Nryk;)
O ½ fpNyh nfha;ah ,iyia Ntf itj;J fpilf;Fk;
frhaj;ij ,U Ntisfs; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(gpahrhf; Rf;fud;jhNghQ;> jha;yhe;;J)
O fy;yj;jpf;fha;> ½ gb> rPufk; 50 fpuhk; kw;Wk;
ntq;;fhak;100 fpuhk;> nte;;jak; 50 fpuhk; ,bj;J ePuhfhuk; 1
gb Nrh;j;J fhiy khiy ,uz;L Ntis nfhLj;jhy; 2 ehspy;
FzkhfptpLk;.
(nghpa ma;AhT> ry;ypf;Nfhlhq;fpgl;b> ghyNkL> kJiu)
O Mthuq;nfhOe;;J 1ifgpb msT vLj;J miuj;Jf;
nfhz;L mjDld; rPufk; 25 fpuhk;> ntq;fhak; 150 fpuhk; Mfpa
,uz;ilAk; Nrh;j;J miuj;J ¼ ypl;lh; Nkhhpy; fye;J 1
my;yJ 2 jlitahf Fbf;f nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; my;yJ
thiog;g+ 1> ntq;;fhak; 150 fpuhk;> rPufk; 50 fpuhk; ,bj;J
cUz;ilahf cUl;bf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(MWKfk;>vOtzp> fhhpahgl;b> tpUJefh;)
O rpd;dpj; jio 100 fpuhk;> gok;ghrpj; jio 100 fpuhk;>
rPufk; 25 fpuhk;> thiog;g+ Mfpatw;iw miuj;J cs;Ns
nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(Rg;igah> NkhJgl;b> xl;ld;rj;jpuk;> jpz;Lf;fy;)
O gPehhprq;;F ,iy> fUq;;nfhd;iw ,iy> Mid neUQ;rp
,iy rk msT miuj;J 2 vYkpr;irgo msT cUz;il
nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,ij ePuhfhuj;jz;zPh; 1/2 gbAld;
fye;;J cs;Ns nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. fhiy> khiy>
Ntisfspy; nfhLf;f 2 ehl;fspy; rhpahFk;.
(jQ;rpfhd;> jhoq;;Fzk;> nrQ;rp jhYfh> tpOg;Guk;)
O Jj;jp ,iy 1gb> mj;jpf;fha; 5> thiog;g+ 1> rPufk; 25
fpuhk; ,tw;iw ,bj;J vYkpr;rk; go msT cUz;ilfshf;fp
2 cUz;il cs;Sf;Fs; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(tpidjPh;j;jhd;> Fsj;Jhh;> Ntlre;;Jhh;> jpz;Lf;fy;)
O fUq;fhypj; jio> nfha;ah ,iy> gok;ghrp ,iy ,it
%d;iwAk; 1ifgpb msT tPjk; vLj;Jf;nfhz;L Rf;F 10
fpuhk;> kpsfha; 5 fpuhk;> rPufk; 25 fpuhk;> RLePhpy; miuj;J
cs;NsnfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
jtph;f;f Ntz;bait :
jtph;f;f Ntz;bait :
jtph;f;f Ntz;bait :
jtph;f;f Ntz;bait :
jtph;f;f Ntz;bait : gdpapy; khl;ilf; fl;l$lhJ.
kioapy; eidatplf;$lhJ.
(nghd;dk;khs;>kk;khdpAh;> jpz;Lf;fy;)
O kQ;rs; 50 fpuhk;> xt;thjio (rpWthfh) 200 fpuhk;>
ehty; nfhl;il 200 fpuhk; Nrh;j;J ,bj;J 100 kp.yp.japhpy;
nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(ntw;wpNty;>rpWfsg;Gh;>jpUr;rp)

27 28
O gw;glhfk; xU ifg;gpb> rPufk; 10 fpuhk;> kQ;rs;
rpWJz;L ,tw;iw miuj;J ,uz;L Ntis cs;Sf;Ff;
nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(,uhkrhkp> kk;khdpAh;> jpz;Lf;fy;)
O mtiu ,iy xU ifg;gpb> rpd;d ntq;fhak; 10 fpuhk;>
tplj;jio xU ifg;gpb Mfpa midj;Jk; miuj;J mhprp
fOtpa ePhpy; fye;;J 2 Ntis cs;Ns nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(Kj;Juh[;> FUe;jkgl;b> Ntlre;Jhh;> jpz;Lf;fy;)
Jh;ehw;wj;Jld; fope;;jhy
Jh;ehw;wj;Jld; fope;;jhy;
O Jh;ehw;wj;Jld; Vw;gLk; fopr;ry; nghJthf
Flw;GOf;fshy; Vw;gLk;> Jh;ehw;wk; njhlh;e;;J ,Ue;;jhy;
mLg;Gf;fhp 150 fpuhk;> Rz;zhk;G 50 fpuhk;> nty;yk; 50 fpuhk;;
fye;;J ,bj;J nghbnra;J cs;Sf;Fs; nfhLf;fyhk;. mLj;J
Flw;GO ePf;fp kUe;J nfhLf;fNtz;Lk;.
( mg;Jy;urhf;> kJiu)
O fUNtyk;gl;il 200 fpuhk;> ,ytq;fg;gl;il 10 fpuhk;>
,itfis 1 ypl;lh; ePhpy; rpwpa Jz;Lfshf eWf;fp ed;whff;
fha;r;rp frhak; tbj;J 2 Ntis juNtz;Lk;.
(ntspag;ghd;> fhkafTz;ld; gl;b> Njdp)
O my;ypf;fha;> ehty; kug;gl;il> cjpakug;gl;il
,itfis miuj;J xd;W (my;yJ) ,uz;L Ntis
cs;Sf;Ff; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(n[auhkd;> nra;ahq;;Fsk;> tpOg;Guk;)
ePuhff; fope;;jhy;
ePuhff; fope;;jhy;
ePuhff; fope;;jhy;
ePuhff; fope;;jhy;
ePuhff; fope;;jhy;
O gok;ghrpj; jio 250 fpuhk;> khJsk; gpQ;R 5> nfha;ahgpQ;R
5> rPufk; 50 fpuhk;> nte;;jak; 50 fpuhk;> Mfpatw;iw miuj;J
vUik Nkhhpy; fye;J xNu Ntisapy; fhiyapy; cs;Sf;Ff;
nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(Rghde;jd; > Fbg;gl;b> kJiu)
,uj;jf; fopr;ry
,uj;jf; fopr;ry
,uj;jf; fopr;ry
,uj;jf; fopr;ry
,uj;jf; fopr;ry;
O fUNtyk;gl;ilia 100 fpuhk; ,bj;Jf; fUg;gl;b ½
fpNyh fye;;J nfhLf;fNtz;Lk;.
O khJis ,iy> njd;dq;FUk;ig> rg;Nghl;lh gpQ;R
,itfspy; VjthJ xd;iw 100 fpuhk; msT vLj;J
miuj;Jf; nfhLf;fyhk;.
O murk;gl;ilifafy msT> nte;;jak; 50 fpuhk; Nrh;j;J
miuj;J cs;Sf;Fj; juyhk;.
(N[f;fg;> ehrNuj;> Jhj;Jf;Fb)

29 30
O fd;Wfspd; rPjNgjpf;Fr; Rf;F 50 fpuhk;> nfha;ah
nfhOe;;J 150 fpuhk; fye;;J ,bj;J nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(mNrhf; Fz;Nl> FNshhpahg;gz;iz> ghz;br;Nrhp)
O khl;Lr; rhzj;jpy; ,uj;jk; fye;;J te;;jhy; thiOg;G+
1> Jj;jpj; jio 250 fpuhk;> gok;;ghrpj; jio 250 fpuhk;> jtpL
200 fpuhk; Nkw;fz;l ehd;ifAk; miuj;J cUz;ilahff;
fye;;J Cl;l Ntz;Lk;. ,jid ,UNtis nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;
(xsitad;> nul;bahgl;b> ej;jk;> jpz;Lf;fy;)
O rhzj;Jld; ,uj;jg;Nghf;F ,Ue;;jhy; my;yJ
fopr;rYf;F> Fz;Lkzp ,iyfis xU ifg;gpb msT
miuj;Jf; fhbapy; (Gspr;rePhpy;) fiuj;J nfhl;lj;jpy; %d;W
Ntis nfhLf;f clNd epth;j;jpahFk;.
(vk;. rilad;> ma;ak;ghisak;> jpz;Lf;fy;)
O rhzpapy; uj;jk; fye;;J tUk;. Nfhkpaj;jpYk; ,uj;jk;
fhzg;gLk;. ,jw;F thior;rhW (¼ gb)> fpSitg;gl;il
(ifafyk;)> mj;jpg;gl;il (ifafyk;)> fLf;fha; 5 vz;zk;
,itfis miuj;J nfhjpj;j ePuhfhuj;jpy; gpope;;J xU
nfhl;lj;jpy; khl;bw;F cs;Sf;Fs; Cw;w Ntz;Lk;. xU
Ntisapy; Fzkhftpy;iynadpy; kWKiw Cw;wyhk;.
(ehuhazd;> md;dkq;fyk;> nguk;gYhh;)
O fhiur;nrb Ntiu gl;il chpj;J ed;F miuj;J rPufk;
5 fpuhk;> rpd;d nte;jak; ¼ fpNyh ,uz;ilAk; jdpj;jdpNa
miuj;J khf;;nfhOe;;J> ehty; nfhOe;;J> kw;Wk; ,Yg;ig
kuf; nfhOe;;J %d;iwAk; miuj;J midj;ijAk; xd;whff;
fye;;J xNu jlitapy; cs;Sf;Ff; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(jq;fr;rhkp Njth;> Mthuq;Fsk;> tpUJefh;)
O ntq;;fhak; 100 fpuhk;> rPufk; 10 fpuhk;> jiyr;RUsp Nth;
20 fpuhk; miuj;J xU ehisf;F 2 Ntis nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,jid 3 ehl;fs; njhlh;e;;J nfhLf;fyhk;. ,jw;F gpd;dh;
ntbf;fhj njd;dk;;ghis g+it ,bj;J khl;bw;F
nfhLf;fyhk;.
(fUg;igah> fPoj;jhdpak;. khdhkJiu> rptfq;;if)
O Mthuk; Nth; 3 fpNyh> GJg;ghidapy; ,l;L 3 Ftis
jz;zPhpy; ed;F Ntfitj;J (xU Ftis jz;zPuhf tw;Wk;
tiu) 3 Ntis nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(ntw;wpNty;> rpWfsg;Gh;> jpUr;rp)
O mj;jpg;gpQ;R my;yJ mj;jp kug;gl;il ,bj;J Gspj;j
ePh; my;yJ NkhUld; fye;;J ,uT itj;jpUe;;J kWehs;
fhiy khiy 1 ypl;lh; msT 2 Ntis cs;Sf;Ff;; nfhLf;f
FzkhFk;.
( ntspag;gd;> fhkafTz;ld;gl;b> Njdp)

31 32
O thiog; g+ tpd; fbdkhd ,jo;fis mfw;wptpl;L
mjDld; Mthuq;nfhOe;;J xU ifg;gpb vLj;J Nrh;j;J
,bj;J Nkhhpy; fye;;J Fbf;ff; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(MWKfk;> vOtzp> fhhpahgl;b> tpUJefh;)
O fhiu ,iy 200 fpuhk;> fU tuF 200 fpuhk; vLj;J
cuypy; ,l;L ed;whf ,bj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. gpd; ,j;Jld;
gR Nkhh; 1 ypl;lh; fye;;J 1 Ntis kl;Lk; Cw;wp tpl Ntz;Lk;.
kUe;;J nfhLj;j 3 kzp Neuj;jpw;F Nky; miu jPtdk;
itf;Nfhy; kl;Lk; Nghl Ntz;Lk;. RL jz;zPh; nfhLf;ff;
$lhJ. fopr;ry; epw;ftpy;iy vd;why; khiy NeuKk; 1
Ntis kl;Lk; Cw;wptplNtz;Lk;.
O nte;;jak;> rPufk;> frfrh> fLf;fha; g+ Mfpa
xt;nthd;wpYk; 50 fpuhk; vLj;J nghb nra;J
itj;Jf;nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. ,sk; njd;dk;ghis xd;W
fPohney;yp> tPyp jio> gok;ghrp ,iy> tplj;jio nfhOe;;J>
fUq;fl;Lf;nfhb> Mthuq;nfhOe;;J khk;gl;il> fpSitg;
gl;il Mfpa xt;nthd;wpYk; ifg;gpbasT vLj;J ,bj;J
miuj;J gRk;ghy; miu ypl;lh; my;yJ japh; miu ypl;lh;
my;yJ ,sePh; miu ypl;lhpy; fye;;J xU ehisf;F 2
Ntis nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(Fkhh;> ,. Nfhtpy;gl;b> jpz;Lf;fy;)
O ,uj;jf; fopr;rYf;F nts;is Fz;Lkzp jio 100
fpuhk; vLj;J mj;Jld; nte;;jak; 20 fpuhk; Nrh;j;J miuj;J
ePuhfj; jz;zPUld; cs;Ns Gfl;l Ntz;Lk;.
O fopr;rYld; Cio fye;J te;jhy>; gok;ghrp 200 fpuhk;>
nts;is fl;Lf;nfhb 100 fpuhk; Mfpatw;iw miuj;J fhy;gb
ePUld; fye;;J fhiy> khiy 2 Ntis tPjk; ,uz;L ehl;fs;
nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(ma;ahj;Jiu Nfhdhh;> b.fpU;zhguk;> kJiu)
fd;W fopr;ry;
fd;W fopr;ry;
fd;W fopr;ry;
fd;W fopr;ry;
fd;W fopr;ry;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
fopr;ry; kw;Wk; fha;r;ry; ,Uf;Fk;; fz;zpy; FoptpOk; ;
Nrhh;;;thf gLj;jpUf;Fk;; ghy;Fbf;fhJ kw;Wk; ,iu vLf;fhJ.
fhuzk;
fhuzk;
fhuzk;
fhuzk;
fhuzk;
mjpfg;ghy; Fbg;gjhYk;> kz;iz jpz;gjhYk;> Flw;GO
kpFjpahYk;> mRj;jkhd ePiu Fbg;gjhYk; fopr;ry;
cz;lhfpd;wJ.
itj;jpa Kiw
itj;jpa Kiw
itj;jpa Kiw
itj;jpa Kiw
itj;jpa Kiw
O trk;G ,iy 2> Rf;F 50 fpuhk;> nfha;ah nfhOe;;J 200
fpuhk; Nrh;j;J miuj;J nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
O fd;W Ropr;rYf;F Mh;nrdpf; My;g; 200 rp ( Arsenic Alb
200c) fdvd;w kUe;ij 2 kzp Neu ,ilntspapy; 5 jlit
nfhLj;jhy; ePuhff;fopAk; fd;Wf;F ey;yJ. nkh;Fhpa]; fhh;

33 34
200 rp ( Mercuriuscor 200c)vd;w kUe;;ij xU ehisf;F 4
jlitahf 2 ehl;fs; nfhLj;jhy; ,uj;jk; fye;;J
fye;;J tUk; fopr;ry; epw;Fk;.
(Nuh];gha; kyPf;> nuhfh> kfhuh;buh)
filgpbf;f Ntz;bad
filgpbf;f Ntz;bad
filgpbf;f Ntz;bad
filgpbf;f Ntz;bad
filgpbf;f Ntz;bad
jha;g;ghy; ,y;yhtpby;> gpw khl;Lg; ghiy fha;r;rp
#lhfNt nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
ML fopr;ry;
ML fopr;ry;
ML fopr;ry;
ML fopr;ry;
ML fopr;ry;
kiof;fhyj;jpy; - fhh;j;jpif> khh;fop khjq;fspy;
nts;shL kw;Wk; nrk;kwp MLfSf;F fopr;ry; Vw;gLk;. ,jdhy;
MLfspy; rpy ,wf;;f NehpLk;. ,jw;F ~vz;l;Nuhlhf;rpkpah|
vd;W $Wth;.
O gw;glhfk; Gy; 100 fpuhk;> rPufk; 50 fpuhk; miuj;J
ePUld; fye;;J ,UNtis nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(gp. ,uhkrhkp> kk;khdpA+h;> jpz;Lf;fy;)
O njhl;llhw;rpZq;;;fp ,iy> njd;dq;;FUk;ig> tplj;jio>
rPufk; ,tw;iw miuj;J ney;ypf;fha; msT vLj;J 2 Ntis
tPjk; cs;Sf;;Fs; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(moF> mUf;fk;gl;b> jpz;Lf;fy;)
O ML fopr;rYf;F nrUg;gb rhuiz> gok;ghrpj;jio>
KUq;;ifj;jio> nfha;ahf; nfhOe;;J> fj;jphp jio>
fUkg+yhe;;jio> khJsk; gpQ;R> mj;jp> thiog;g+ xU g+tpy;
ghjpasT> rPufk; ,itfis ,bj;J fhiyapy; Nkhhpy;
my;yJ Gspr;rj;jz;zPhpy; 50 kp.yp. fye;;J nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,t;thW 3 Ntis nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(MWKfk;> rpWkhk;gl;b> flt+h;> jufk;gl;b> fUh;)
O nfha;ah nfhOe;;J> tPyp ,iy Mfpatw;wpy;
xt;nthd;Wk; 20 fpuhk; tPjk; vLj;J khJsk; goj;Njhy;> rPufk;
Mfpait 10 fpuhk; tPjk; fye;;J ed;whf miuj;J 500 kp.yp.
ePUld; fye;;J fhiy> khiy Gfl;l Ntz;Lk;.
(Rghde;;jd;> Fbg;gl;b> kJiu)
Fwpg;G
Fwpg;G
Fwpg;G
Fwpg;G
Fwpg;G : nghJthf khLfSf;F fopr;rYf;F
nfhLf;fg;gLk; itj;jpaKiwia MLfSf;Fk; gpd;gw;wyhk;.
kUe;;jpd; mstpy; ghjpasT MLfSf;F nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

35 36
5. Flw;GOf;fs;
5. Flw;GOf;fs;
5. Flw;GOf;fs;
5. Flw;GOf;fs;
5. Flw;GOf;fs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
khL nkype;;J ,isj;J fhz;ggLk;; Jh;ehw;wj;Jld;
$ba tapw;Nwhl;lk;> tpl;L tpl;L tapw;Nwhl;lk; fhzg;gLk;. tapW
cg;gp ,Uf;Fk;; ,iu vLf;fhJ; clk;gpYs;s Nuhkk; nghpajhf
,Uf;Fk;: rhzpapy; rpy rkak; rpWGOf;fs; fhzg;gLk;.
fhuzq;;fs;
fhuzq;;fs;
fhuzq;;fs;
fhuzq;;fs;
fhuzq;;fs;
fhy;eilfSf;F ehf;Fg;g+r;rp> ehlhg;GO> nfhf;fpg;GO>
cUz;ilg; GO Nghd;w Flw;GOf;fs; jz;zPh;> jPtdk;> Nka;r;ry;
jiu %ykhfTk;> g+r;rpfs;> ej;ijfs; Nghd;witfshYk;
guTfpd;wd. Nka;r;ry; jiuapy; g+r;rpfspd; ,sk; Kl;ilfs;
,Ue;J mtw;iw fhy;eilfs; czthf cl;nfhs;Sk;nghOJ
cs;Ns nrd;W Flw;GOf;fs; cUthfpd;wd.
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
O Ntypg;gUj;jp ,iy 50 fpuhk;> rpwpaheq;if 50 fpuhk;
Mfpatw;iw m;iuj;J 100kp.yp Ntg;ngz;izAld; fye;J
fhiy khiy ,uz;L Ntis nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
( ghyd;>flt+h;> fUh;)
O trk;G > nts;isg+z;L> MLjpz;zhg;ghiy>
Fg;igNkdp> Nga;Fkl;b ,iy Mfpatw;wpy; xt;nthd;Wk; 25
fpuhk; tPjk; vLj;J miuj;J RL jz;zPUld; fye;J xNu
Ntisapy; cs;Ns nfhLf;fNtz;Lk;.
(n[afhe;;jd;> jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;> jQ;rhT+h;)
O rjhthp Ntiu (jz;zPh; tpl;lhd; fpoq;F) 15 fpuhk;
msT vLj;J miuj;J miu ypl;lh; ePhpy; fye;J
mjpfhiyapy; fd;W fSf;Ff; nfhLf;f Flw;GOf;fs; ePq;;Fk;.
( fphPj; gl;Nly;> mfkjhghj;)
O #ghGy; tpijfis 50 -100 vz;zpf;ifasT vLj;J
ePh;tpl;L cuypy; Ml;b 200 kp.yp. msT ePh; Nrh;j;J
nts;shLfSf;Ff; nfhLf;f rhzj;Jld; Flw;GOf;fs;
,we;;Jk;> capUlDk; ntspNawptpLk;. ,k;Kiw gpypg;igd;];
ehl;by; gof;fj;jpy; cs;sJ.
(tsUk; ehLfspd; thndhyp tiyg;gpd;dy; ,jo;-njhFg;G)
O nfhf;fpg; GOtpw;F 8-10 nfhl;ilg;ghf;Ffis ePhpy; Cw
itj;J miuj;J cs;Ns nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ehlhg; GOtpw;F
khJis kug;gl;ilAk;> NtUk; 100 fpuhk; mstpw;F ,bj;J
cs;Sf;Ff; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(mNrhf;Fz;Nl> gps;isahh;Fg;gk;>ghz;br;Nrhp)
O Ntg;g ,iy> g+ gl;il kw;Wk; gg;ghsp tpij Mfpatw;wpy;
100 fpuhk; tPjk; vLj;J miuj;J ,sk;#lhd nte;;ePhpy;
fye;;J fhiy> khiy vd %d;W Ntis cs;Ns nfhLf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
( N[f;fg;> ehrNuj;> Jhj;Jf;Fb)

37 38
O G+rzp tpij 100 fpuhk; miuj;J 5 ehl;fSf;F
nfhLj;J tu> jl;ilg;GOf;fs; ePE;;fptpLk;.
(Nfhkjp ehafk;> Gspaq;;Fb> jpUney;Ntyp)
O Ntg;gq;;nfhOe;;J 50 fpuhk; miuj;J 50 kp.yp.
tpsf;nfz;nza; fye;;J nfhLf;fg;gLtjhy; MLfspd; tha;
kw;Wk; tapw;Wg; Gz;fSk; Fzkilfpd;wd. Flw;GOf;fSk;
mopf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
(gp. mgpkd;dd;>nrf;fhDhuzp. kJiu)
O MLfSf;F vYkpr;irg;gok; 6> gioaGsp xu ifg;gpb>
Mkzf;F ,iy 5 Mfpa midj;ijAk; xd;whfr; Nrh;j;J
miuj;J cs;Ns nfhLj;jhy; GOf;fs; rhzj;Jld; ntspte;;J
tpLk;.
( Mh;. etePjfpU;zd;> cj;jpuNkUh;>nrQ;if)
O fliykhT 200 fpuhk; ,sk; #lhd nte;;ePUld; fye;;J
jpdKk; xU Ntis tPjk; 5 ehl;fs; tiu njhlh;e;;J
nfhLf;fNtz;Lk;. my;yJ Ntg;g vz;nza; 250 kp.yp. %d;W
ehs; njhlh;e;;J cs;Ns nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(,uhK> ,Yg;gFb> rptfq;;if)
O kQ;rs; fyhpy; g+ g+f;Fk; ruf;nfhd;id kuj;jpd;
,iyia Rkhh; 200 fpuhk; mstpy; vLj;J miuj;J cs;Ns
nfhLf;fNtz;Lk;.
(Re;juRthkpfs;> fpzj;Jf;flT> Nfhit)
O nrz;Lky;yp vdg;gLk; JSf;frhke;;jp g+it xd;W
vLj;J miuj;J fhy; ypl;lh; Nkhhpy; fye;J 3 ehl;fs;
nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(khjk;kh> jhpf;fiu> fh;ehlfh)
O nfhl;ilg;ghf;F> epy Ntk;G> kiyNtk;G> ,iy>
Fg;igNkdp> MLjpz;zhghis> rpW FwpQ;rhd; Mfpatw;wpy;
tiff;F 10 fpuhk; tPjk; miuj;J ,sk; #lhd nte;ePhpy;
fye;;J ,uT xUNtis tPjk; 3 ehl;fSf;F njhlhe;;J cs;Ns
nfhLf;fNtz;Lk;.
(ghz;br;Nrhp fhy;eil itj;jpa fUj;juE;;F -25.03.1999)
O gPehhprq;;F xU ifgpb msT> kiy Ntk;G fha; 25 fpuhk;
,tw;iw miuj;J 500 kp.yp. ePUld; fyq;J cs;Ns
nfhLf;fNtz;Lk;.
(F.nry;tuh[;> rpd;dtz;lhhp> kJiu)
O ngUe;;Jk;ig ,iyia 100 fpuhk; miuj;J
ey;nyz;nza; 200 kp.yp.Ald; fye;;J Gfl;l Ntz;Lk;.
(ntspag;gd;> fhkafTz;ld; gl;b> Njdp)
O Ntg;ngz;nza; 150 kp.yp. kQ;rs; nghb 20 fpuhk;>
nghbnra;j fUQ;rPufk; 20 fpuhk;> ,sePh; miu ypl;lh;
Mfpatw;iw xd;whff; fye;J mjpfhiyapy; cs;Ns
Gfl;lNtz;Lk;.
(nghpa NtYr;rhkp> godpf;fTz;ld;tyR> jhuhGuk;> <NuhL)

39 40
O jiyr;RUsp Nth; (<];tu %ypif) 2 mq;;Fyk; msT
vLj;J miuj;jJ 100 kpyp ePhpy;fye;;J Gfl;lNtz;Lk;.
(my;yJ) thpf;Fkl;b ,iy> gpuz;il> Jk;ig> Jsrp>
nts;sUF> KRKRf;if> jiyr;RUsp ,it xt;nthd;wpYk;
xU ifg;gpb vLj;Jf; nfhz;L cg;;G 50 fpuhk; Mfpatw;iw
nkhj;jkhf miuj;J fhiy> khiy kw;Wk; kWehs; fhiy
vd 3 ehl;fs; njhlh;e;;J nfhLf;fNtz;Lk;.
(ma;ahj;JiuNfhdhh;> b.fpU;zhGuk;>kJiu)
O ML jpz;zhghis ,iy 2 ifg;gpb msT miuj;J
rhW vLj;J tpsf;nfz;nza; 100 kp.yp.Ald; fye;;J xU
Ntis nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(nghpa ma;ahT> ry;ypNfhlhq;fpgl;b> ghyNkL> kJiu)
O Cohd; jz;L miu mb ePsk; ntl;b gpd; mij
CjNtz;Lk;. mjpypUe;;J tUk; rhiw 100 kp.yp. vLj;J>
kQ;rs;Jhs; 20 fpuhk; Nrh;j;J fye;;J nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(rpd;dz;zd;>Ngluy;yp> jUkGhp)
O tpuyp kQ;rs; miu Jz;L> nts;ssUF 1 nrb> kpsF
20 vz;zk; ,itfis miuj;J Gfl;l Ntz;Lk;.
( godpNtY>murq;;Fb> jpUr;rp)
O thpf;Fkl;b rhW> Nrhw;Wf; fw;whior; NrhW>
MLjpz;zhg;ghis ,iyr;rhW> Ntg;ngz;nza;> tiff;F 25
kp.yp. tPjk; vLj;J 50 fpuhk; fUg;gl;b Nrh;j;J cs;Ns nfhLf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
(MWKfk;> vOtzp> fhhpahgl;b>tpUJefh;)
O nfhy;yq;;Nfhit fpoq;F 2 gq;F> jiyr;RUsp Nth; 2
gq;F> rpwpaheq;if ,iy 1 gq;F> ,e;;j %d;iwAk; epoypy;
cyh;j;jp ,bj;J #uzk; nra;J itj;Jf;nfhz;L 60 fpuhk;
tPjk; jpdKk; 3 Ntis tPjk; 3 ehl;fSf;F njhlh;e;;J
nfhLf;fNtz;Lk.;
(rhkpf;fhis> ry;ypNfhlhq;fpgl;b>ghyNkL> kJiu)
O Gq;;f tpijfis 300 fpuhk; vLj;J miuj;J 2 ypl;lh;
ePhpy; fye;;J %d;wpy; xU gq;;fhf tw;Wk; tiu fha;r;r Ntz;Lk;.
,jid nghpa khLfSf;F xU Kiw kl;Lk; nfhLf;fyhk;.
rpid gpbj;J fh;g;gkhf ,Uf;Fk; khLfSf;F ,jid
nfhLf;f$lhJ. ,k;Kiw jha;yhe;J ehl;by;
filgpbf;fg;gLfpwJ.
( Mrpah fz;l fhy;eil %ypif itj;jpa ifNaL - 1994.)
MLfspd; Flw;GOf;fSf;F
O epythif> Fg;igNkdp> nfhl;ilg;ghf;F 10 fpuhk; tPjk;
ed;whf miuj;J ,sk; #lhd nte;;ePh; 2 ypl;lUld; fye;;J
xU Ml;Lf;F 200 kp.yp. tPjk; Gfl;l Ntz;Lk;.

41 42
O <Rtu %ypif> nfhy;yq;;Nfhit fpoq;F> rpW FwpQ;rhd;>
tpky;yp> rpwpaheq;;if ,iy midj;Jk; rk gq;;F vLj;J
epoypy; cyh;j;jp itj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Rkhh; 1 fpNyh
nghbf;F 50 fpuhk; kpsF Jhshf;fp Nrh;j;J fye;;J nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;. ,jid 10 ypl;lh; ePhpy; fye;;J 100 kp.yp. tPjk;
MLfSf;F nfhLj;jhy; Flw;GOf;fs; fopr;ry;> tpf;fb>
fha;r;ry;> Nghd;w tpahjpfs; FzkhFk;.
(nts;is> ry;ypNfhlhq;;fpgl;b> ghyNkL> kJiu)
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
thapy; ePh; tbAk;; Nrhh;thff; fhzg;gLk;;; %r;Rj;jpzwy;
Vw;gLk;: ,iu vLf;fhJ.
fhuzq;;fs;
fhuzq;;fs;
fhuzq;;fs;
fhuzq;;fs;
fhuzq;;fs;
rpy Neuq;;fspy; ML> khLfs; Nrhsg;gaph;> fk;G>
Mkzf;F kuts;sp Nghd;w gaph;fspd; gprpDs;s ,sk;
nfhOe;;ij jpd;gjhy; khLfSf;F tapW cg;Gk;; nrhf;fpf;
nfhs;Sk;; kw;Wk; kaf;fk; Vw;gLk;. ,e;;j rkaj;jpy; cldbahf
eltbf;if vLf;ftpy;iy vd;why; ML> khLfspd; capUf;F
Mgj;J Vw;gLk;.
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
o vUf;fQ;nrbapd; ,sk; ,iy> g+f;fSld; $ba Edpf;
nfhj;;J vLj;J nkJthf thapDy; cs;Ns tpl;L njhz;il
tiu nry;Yk; gbahf ,uz;L %d;W jlit nra;aNtz;Lk;.
(ma;ahj;Jiuf;Nfhdhh;> b.fpU;zhGuk;> kJiu)
o ,uz;L my;yJ %d;W ,sk; ,iyfs> g+f;fSld;
$ba vUf;fQ;nrbapd; Edpf;nfhj;J my;yJ ghyhjio
miu fpNyh vLj;J ,bj;J cUz;ilahfg; gpbj;J cs;Ns
Gfl;btplNtz;Lk;. my;yJ Njq;;fha; vz;nza; 250 kp.yp.
gok;Gsp 200 fpuhk;> rh;f;fiu 250 fpuhk; mst vLj;J VNjDk;
xd;iw kl;LNkh my;yJ nkhj;jkhfNth 1 ypl;lh; ePUld;
fiuj;J cldbahf cs;Sf;Fs; Cw;wp tpl Ntz;Lk;.
(Nfhtpe;;jd;> nry;ypa;kghisak;> Nryk;)

o kiof;fhyq;;fspy; Myq;;fl;b vdg;gLk; gdpf;fl;b kio
tpOk;NghJ> mij vLj;J xU ghl;bypy; Nghl;L ghJfhg;ghf
itf;f Ntz;Lk;. nrhf;Fk; fhy;eilfSf;F me;;j Neuj;jpy;
,e;j ghl;bypy; gpbj;J ghJfhg;ghf itj;jpUf;fpw gzp ePiu
fhy;eilfSf;F cs;Sf;Fs; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,;t;thW
nra;tjhy; nrhf;Fjy; FzkhfptpLk;.
([hdfp uhkd;> nrk;kze;;jy;> cSe;;Jhh;Ngl;il> tpOg;Guk;)
7. nrUky;> [yNjhk;
7. nrUky;> [yNjhk;
7. nrUky;> [yNjhk;
7. nrUky;> [yNjhk;
7. nrUky;> [yNjhk;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
%r;RtplKbahky; rpukg;gLk;; %f;Fg; gFjp jiuNahLk;
kuj;jpYk; Nja;f;Fk;. rspAld; $ba fha;r;ry; ,Uf;Fk; ; jPtdk;
rhpahf vLf;fhky; ,Uf;Fk; ; clypd; ntg;gepiy mjpfkhf
,Uf;Fk; ; %f;fpypUe;;Jk;> fz;fspy; ,Ue;;Jk; rsp jz;zPh;
Nghy; te;;Jnfhz;bUf;Fk;.
fhuzq;;fs;
fhuzq;;fs;
fhuzq;;fs;
fhuzq;;fs;
fhuzq;;fs;
%f;Fj; jz;L cyh;e;;JtpLtjhYk;> GiuNaWtjhYk;>
Rthr kz;lyj;jpy; Neha; cz;lhtjhYk;> fhy;eilfs; xNu
,lj;jpy; mjpfstpy; milj;J itf;fg;gLtjhYk; ,e;;j Neha;
Vw;gl tha;g;Gz;L.
itj;jpaKiwfs;
itj;jpaKiwfs;
itj;jpaKiwfs;
itj;jpaKiwfs;
itj;jpaKiwfs;
O nghd;dhq;fz;zp fPiu 100 fpuhk;> nghpaheq;;if ,iy
100 fpuhk; ,uz;ilAk; miuj;J xU ehisf;F ,uz;L jlit
cs;Sf;Ff; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ( my;yJ)
fz;lq;;fj;jphp fha; miuj;J xh; ,uT nts;shl;L
Nfhkpaj;jpy; Cw itj;J gpope;;J ,uz;L nrhl;Lf;fs; tPjk;
%f;fpy; tpl Ntz;Lk;. rpWfhKl;;b Nth; 25 fpuhk; mstpw;F
miuj;J ePUld; fye;;J cs;Ns nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ( my;yJ)
fy;yj;jpf;fha;; 250 fpuhk;> rPufk; 100 fpuhk;> ntq;;fhak;
200 fpuhk; %d;iwAk; ,bj;J 3 ehl;fSf;F fhiy Ntisapy;
ftskhff; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(ma;ahj;Jiu Nfhdhh;> b. fpU;zhGuk;> kJiu)
43 44

O nts;is vUf;fk; g+ nkhl;L 50 fpuhk;> tpuhyp> jio 50
fpuhk;> tPyp jio 100 fpuhk;> %q;;fpy; ,iy 100 fpuhk;> kpsfha;
tw;wy; 100 fpuhk;> ntq;;fhak; 250 fpuhk;> Ntg;ngz;nza; 200
kp.yp. Mfpatw;Wld; NgWfhy rhkhd;fs; nkhj;jj;jpy; 250
fpuhk; Nrh;j;J miuj;J ,uz;L gq;;fhf gphpj;;J ftskhf cUl;b
fhiy khiy cs;Ns nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jid nfhLf;Fk;
Kd;dh; khl;il Fspg;ghl;b tpl Ntz;Lk;.
(ehuhazrhkp> rPg;ghyf;Nfhl;il> Njdp)
O %q;;fpy; ,iy miu fpNyh Kjy; 1 fpNyh tiu gwpj;J
te;J fhiy my;yJ khiy Neuq;;fspy; fhy;eilf;F
jPtdkhff; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW 3 Kjy; 4 ehl;fs;
nfhLj;J te;;jhy; khl;bd; nrUky; fl;Lg;gLk;. (cldbahfg;
gwpf;fg;gl;l gRikahd %q;;fpy; ,iyfisNa gad;gLj;j
Ntz;Lk;)
(gp.Ngahz;b> Nf.GJkq;fyk;> nrf;fDhuzp> kJiu)
O nrk;g+yhk;gl;ilAld;> ¼ fpNyh fLF Nrh;j;J 4 ypl;lh;
ePUld; Ntfitj;J ghjpahf tw;wpaJk; tbj;J 2 ypl;lh;
frahj;ij 3 ehl;fSf;F cs;Sf;Fs; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(Fg;igah fTz;lh>; rpj;jhd;lGuk;> mQ;rl;b> jUkGhp)
O Nthpy;yh nfhj;jhDila (Gy;YUtp) nfhbia ,bj;J
miu ypl;lh; rhW vLj;J ntq;fhak; 4> rPufk; 25 fpuhk; Nrh;j;J
miuj;J xU ehisf;F xU Ntis tPjk; 3 ehl;fSf;Fj;
njhlh;e;;J nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. (Gy;YUtp nfhbahdJ gRik
epwj;jpy; Ntk;G> Edh Nghd;w kuq;fspy; glh;e;J ,Uf;Fk;)
my;yJ
O %q;;fpy; ,iy xU ifg;gpbasT (100 fpuhk;) mjDld;
gr;ir fhil ,wF 3 Nrh;j;J jPtdj;Jld; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(,uhK> ,Yg;gFb> rptfq;if)
O kpsfuiz Nth; 10 fpuhk;> MlhNjhil ,iy 100 fpuhk;>
JhJtis 100 fpuhk;> fz;;lq; fj;jphp ,iy 100 fpuhk;> Jsrp
,iy 200 fpuhk; Mfpatw;iw epoypy; cyh;j;jp> rpj;juj;ij
50 fpuhk;> kpsF 50 fpuhk;> jpg;gpyp 50 fpuhk; Mfpatw;iw ,bj;J
#uzkhf itj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
gid kug;gl;ilapy; ,sk; gr;irahf 100 fpuhk; vLj;J
2 ypl;lh; ePUld; fye;;J fha;r;rp 200 kp.yp.ahf tw;wpaJk;
Nkw;fz;l #uzk; 15 fpuhk; fye;;J 3 Ntis Gfl;l rhpahFk;.
(ntspag;gd;> fhkafTz;ld;gl;b> Njdp)
O MizneUQ;rp ,iy 100 fpuhk;> rPufk; 10 fpuhk;>
ntq;;fhak; 200 fpuhk; Mfpatw;iw ,bj;J ghYld; miuj;J
fhiy khiy kw;Wk; kWehs; fhiy cs;Ns nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(K. jq;fr;rhk;pNjth;> Mthuq;;Fsk;> fhhpahgl;b> tpUJefh;)
O kpsF 20 fpuhk; vLj;J gRk;ghypy; miuj;J xU Ntis
tPjk; 3 ehl;fSf;F njhlh;e;;J cs;Ns nfhLf;f
Ntz;Lk;.(my;yJ)
45 46

47 48
gpQ;R ehh;j;jq;fha; 4 vz;zk; vLj;J xt;nthd;iwAk; 4
Jz;Lfshf;fp xNu Ntisapy; Gfl;l Ntz;Lk;.
(NtjKj;J> Mj;Jtay;> rptfq;;if)
O %f;ful;il rhuiz r%yk; 100 fpuhk; tpuyp kQ;rs; 2
mq;;Fyk;> mk;khd; gr;rhprp r%yk; 100 fpuhk; kzj;jf;fhsp
,iy 100 fpuhk; Mfpatw;iw nkhj;jkhf ,bj;J 250 fpuhk;
fUg;gl;b Nrh;j;J gpire;;J fhiy kw;Wk; khiy 2 Ntis Gfl;l
Ntz;Lk;.
(rpd;dz;zd;> Ngluy;yp> jUkGhp)
O fy;gid 10 fpuhk;> tpuhypjio 10 fpuhk;>
khtpyq;;fg;gl;il 20 fpuhk;> tpy;t ,iy 20 fpuhk; kw;Wk;
filr;ruf;F (NgWfhyr;rhkhd;fs; tiff;F Rkhh; 5-10 fpuhk;
tiu) vLj;J ,bj;J ,Q;rp 100 fpuhk; Nrh;j;J miuj;J xU
Ntis kl;Lk; cs;Sf;Fs; nfhLf;fNtz;Lk;.
(khhpag;gd;> jpUf;fUfhT+h;> jQ;rht+h;)
O Rf;F> kpsF> xkk;> kl;b ngUq;fhak;> g+z;L Mfpa
xt;nthd;Wk; tiff;F 50 fpuhk; tPjk;> rpj;juj;ij 10 fpuhk;>
Klf;fj;jhd; ,iy ifg;gpbasT Mfpatw;iw ,bj;J 50 kp.yp.
Ntg;ngz;nzapy; gpire;;J cUl;b xNu jlitapy; nfhLf;f
Ntz;Lk;. Fbg;gjw;F nfhjpj;J Mwpa ePiu nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(f.Fkhh;> ,.Nfhtpy;gl;b> epyf;Nfhl;il> jpz;Lf;fy;)
O fUg;G fLif nghbj;J> rpwpjsT ePUld; fye;;J>
ikNghyhf;fp ,e;;j giria Nky;g+r;rhf khh;G ghfj;jpd; ,U
gf;fq;;fspYk; jltp tpl Ntz;Lk;. ,jid 3-4 ehl;fs;
njhlh;e;;J nra;a Ntz;Lk; ( my;yJ)
O Gjpjhf gwpj;j MlhNjhil ,iy> KUq;;if ,iy>
Jsrp ,iy xt;nthd;Wk; 50 fpuhk; tPjk; vLj;J> tpuyp kQ;rs;
ifg;gpbasT Jz;Lfs; vLj;J rpW Jz;Lfshf ntl;b
midj;ijAk; xd;whf fye;;J Ehy;Jzpapy; nghl;lykhf
fl;bf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
,Nj Nghy; NkYk; ,uz;L nghl;lyk; fl;b itj;Jf;
nfhz;L ePuhtpahy; xU nghl;lyj;ij #lhf;fp vLj;J khl;bd;
khh;G gFjpapy; 20-30 epkplq;;fs; xj;jlk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
me;j Neuj;jpy; mLj;j nghl;lyk; ePuhtpahy; #lhf;fpf;
nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW xt;nthU nghl;lykhf khw;wp
khw;wp xU ehisf;F 2 Ntis tPjk; 2 ehl;fs; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
kw;Wk;
Nkw;fz;l ,iyfSld; 1 ypl;lh; ePh; Nrh;j;J fha;r;rp
tbj;J MwpaJk; fhiy khiy vd 5 ehl;fs; cs;Ns
juNtz;Lk;.
O mur ku ,iyia epoypy; cyh;j;jp ,bj;J vLj;j
#uzk; 50 fpuhk; vLj;J rkmsT kQ;rSld; fye;J xU
ehisf;F ,UKiw tPjk; nfhLj;J te;;jhy;> ehs;gl;l nrUky;
kw;Wk; EiuaPuy; Foha; tPf;fk; rhpahFk;.
(mg;Jy; urhf;;> kJiu)

49 50
8. %f;filg;ghd;
8. %f;filg;ghd;
8. %f;filg;ghd;
8. %f;filg;ghd;
8. %f;filg;ghd;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
%f;fpypUe;J ePh; tbe;;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; ; ryKk; ,uj;jKk;
fye;J ntspNaWk;; %f;fpy; fl;b kw;Wk; Gz;fs; fhuzkhf
%r;Rtpl rpukg;gLk; ; khLfs; jpzWtJld; Fwl;il Nghd;w
rgjj;ij cz;L gz;Zk;.
fhuzq
fhuzq
fhuzq
fhuzq
fhuzq;;;fs;
;;fs;
;;fs;
;;fs;
;;fs;
%f;fpy; Gw;W Nghd;w fl;bfs;> Gz;fs; Njhd;Wtjhy; Vw;gLfpwJ.
,uj;jj;jpy; thOk; xUtpj g+r;rpfspdhy; cz;lhfpd;wJ.
G+r;rpfs; Kl;ilapl;L ,dg;ngUf;fk; nra;Ak; NghJ cUthfpwJ.
NrW cs;s ,lq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; ej;ijfs; %yk; ,e;Neha;
gut tha;g;G cs;sjhff; $wg;gLfpwJ.
itj;jpaKiwfs;
itj;jpaKiwfs;
itj;jpaKiwfs;
itj;jpaKiwfs;
itj;jpaKiwfs;
O fz;lq;;fj;jphp gok; 10 vz;zk; vLj;J xt;nthd;iwAk;
,uz;lhfg; gpse;;J Jzpapy; nghl;lykhff; fl;b 250 kp.yp.
nts;shl;L Nfhkpaj;jpy; Nghl;L ,utpy; Cw itf;f Ntz;Lk;.
kWehs; fhiyapy; nghl;lyj;ij vLj;J %f;filg;ghd; cs;s
fhy;eilfspy; xt;nthU %f;fpYk; 3 Kjy; 4 nrhl;Lfshf
fhiy> khiy kw;Wk; kWehs; fhiy vd 3 Ntis gpope;J
tpl Ntz;Lk;.
rpWfhKl;b Ntiu xU ifg;gpb msT ,bj;J ePhpy;
fye;;J cs;Ns Gfl;l Ntz;Lk;.
O ML> khLfSf;F %f;filg;ghDf;Ff; fz;lq;;fj;jphpr;
rhW gpope;;J %f;fpy; 2 my;yJ 3 nrhl;Lf;fs; tpl Ntz;Lk;.
(vk;. rilad;> rpj;jNuT> ma;ak;ghisak;> jpz;Lf;fy;)
O ngUe;;Jk;ig> kQ;rs;nghb> mug;G (crpiy ,iyg;nghb)
fz;lq;;fj;jphpg;gok; ,itaidj;Jk; 25 fpuhk; tPjk; vLj;J
miuj;J tpsf;nfz;nzAld; fha;r;rp khl;bd; %f;fpy; fhiy
khiy 3 nrhl;Lfs; tPjk; 3 ehl;fs; njhlh;e;;J tpl Ntz;Lk;.
(jp. nyl;Rkzd;> FUthh;gl;b> tpshj;jpFsk;> Jhj;Jf;Fb)
O ghg;ghu Ks;spf;fha; (fz;lq;;fj;jphp) tpijia vLj;J
Jhshf;fp 50 kp.yp ey;nyz;nzAld; fye;J khl;bd; %f;fpy;
%d;W ehl;;fs; gpope;;J tpl GiuNaWjy; kw;Wk;; gpw
fhuzq;;fspdhy; Vw;gl;l %f;filg;G ePq;;Fk;.
(Nfhtpe;;jd;> nry;ypak;ghisak;>Nryk;)
O rjFg;ig tpij 100 fpuhk;> ,Q;rp 100 fpuhk;> thy; kpsF
50 fpuhk; kw;Wk; jpg;gpyp 50 fpuhk; ed;whf ,bj;J nte;;ePhpy;
fye;;J fhiy khiy 2 tis cs;Sf;;Ff; nfhLf;f Ntz;L;k;.
O ,Yg;ig Gz;zhf;F 50 fpuhk; vLj;J nts;shl;Lg; ghy;
50 kp.yp apy; Nrh;j;J ,utpy; Cw itf;f Ntz;Lk;. kWehs;
fhiyapy; Rj;jkhd gUj;jp Jzpapy; Nkw;gb fyitia
itj;J nghl;lykhff; fl;b fhy;eilapd; jiyia NkNy
Jhf;fpg; gpbj;Jf;nfhz;L xt;nthU %f;fpYk; 10 nrhl;Lfs;
tPjk; tpl Ntz;Lk;. kUe;;J Cw;wpa gpd; fhy;eilfis epoypy;
fl;l Ntz;Lk;. (my;yJ)

51 52
O Fg;igNkdp ,iy xU ifg;gpb msT (25 fpuhk;) kpsF
5> rpWntq;fhak; 3 Mfpatw;iw ed;whf ,bj;J RLePhpy; fye;;J
xU Jzpapy; fl;b %f;fpy; 5 nrhl;Lfs; tPjk; fhiy> khiy
kw;Wk; kWehs; fhiy vd 3 Ntisfs; tpl Ntz;Lk;.
(nghpa ma;ahT> ry;ypNfhlhq;fpgl;b> ghyNkL>kJiu)
ehrpg;Gw;Wf;F
ehrpg;Gw;Wf;F
ehrpg;Gw;Wf;F
ehrpg;Gw;Wf;F
ehrpg;Gw;Wf;F
O xl;lil> Rz;zhk;G> kz;nzz;nza; Mfpatw;Wld;
kpsfha; tpijiaj; Jhtp %f;fpDs; itj;J 3 Ntis ed;whf
mjf;fptpl Ntz;Lk;. mg;NghJ Gw;W fiue;;J ,uj;jk; tUk;.
mjd; gpd;G 3 Ntis Ntg;ngz;nza;> kQ;rs;> fl;bf; fw;g+uk;
Mfpatw;iw miuj;Jf; fl;btpl Gw;W eP;q;fptpLk;.
(n[auhkd;> nra;ahq;;;Fsk;> tpOg;Guk;)
O kpsfha;j; Jhs; 50 fpuhKld;> ,Yg;ig ,iy 50 fpuhk;>
nea; 100 kp.yp. Nrh;j;J miuj;J xU ,Uk;Gj;Jz;il #L
nra;J Nkw;fz;l kUe;;ij Kwpj;Jf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j
kUe;;ij 3 Ntisf;F nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(V.Mh;. ehuhazd;> Ma;%h;> ehfg;gl;bzk;)
O fz;le;;jpg;gpyp 50 fpuhk;> rjFg;ig 50 fpuhk; rhk;gpuhzp
25 fpuhk;> Xkk; 50 fpuhk;> mlg;gq;nfhOe;;J 50 fpuhk;> vUf;fk;
nkhf;F 100 fpuhk; midj;ijAk; xd;whfr; Nrh;j;J miuj;J
,uz;L Ntis cs;Sf;Ff; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(n[fe;ehjd;> Ma;%h;> ehfg;gl;;bzk;)
O tuF itf;Nfhy; miu fpNyhit 2 ypl;lh; ePhpy; ed;whf
fha;r;rp frhak; ,wf;fp itj;Jf; nfhz;L 100 fpuhk; Ehypiy
nrbia (mj;jhs;nghUj;p) miuj;J Nkw;fz;l frhak; 100
kp.yp.Ald; fye;;J fhiy khiy vd 3 ehl;fSf;F nfhLf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
(jQ;rpfhd;> jhoq;;Fsk;> nrQ;rp> tpOg;Guk;)

53 54
9. njhz;il milg;ghd
9. njhz;il milg;ghd
9. njhz;il milg;ghd
9. njhz;il milg;ghd
9. njhz;il milg;ghd;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
fhy;eilfis ,e;;Neha; jPbnud jhf;FfpwJ; kpf
mjpff;fha;r;ry; fhzg;gLk; ; fz;fs; rpte;;J ,Uf;Fk;
%f;fpypUe;J Nfhio Nghd;w jputk; tbAk; ; njhz;il> jhil>
fOj;Jg; gFjpfs; typNahL $ba #lhd tPf;fk; fhzg;gLk;.
ehf;F tPf;fkhfp %r;Rj;jpzwy; ,Uf;Fk; ; Kjypy;
rhzk; fl;b gpd; fopr;ry; fhzg;gLk; ; thapy; ckpo; ePUld;
Eiu Nghd;W topAk; ; Neha; Kw;wpa epiyapy; fhy;eilfs;
,wf;f Nehplyhk;.
fhuzq;;fs;
fhuzq;;fs;
fhuzq;;fs;
fhuzq;;fs;
fhuzq;;fs;
,e;;Neha; ghf;Bhpah> fpUkpfshy; cz;lhfpwnjd
$wg;gLfpwJ. kio fhyj;jpw;F gpd; gdpf;fhyj;jpw;F Kd;
,e;;Neha; Njhd;wp guTfpd;wJ.
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
O g{ehhp (ngUkuk;) kug;gl;il> ,iy ,itfis tiff;F
500 fpuhk; tPjk; vLj;J> Ckr;rq;;$L> jiug;g+z;L
Mfpaitfis tiff;F 100 fpuhk; tPjk; Nrh;j;J ,bj;Jr;
rhW gpope;;J 50 kp.yp. tPjk; 3 Ntis cs;Sf;Ff; nfhLf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
(rq;fd;> fhrk;gl;b> jpz;Lf;fy;)
O gPehhp (ngUkuk;) kuj;Jg;gl;il> nfhOe;;J 1 fpNyh
vLj;J Gspr;r jz;zPhpy; Nghl;L ,bj;J Rf;F> kpsF> jpg;gpyp>
ntw;wpiy xt;nthd;Wk; 10 fpuhk; tPjk; miuj;J 3 jlit
(jhoKj;J> tdj;jha;Guk;> Njdp)
O fpSfpSg;ig vd;Dk; ehp kpul;b ,iyr; rhW miu
ypl;lUld;> kQ;rs; Jhs; 10 fpuhk; Nrh;j;J fye;;J cs;Sf;F
nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
O gR nea; nghpa khl;Lf;F 600 kp.yp. fd;Wf;F 200 kp.yp.
msT ,Nyrhf #Nlw;wp cs;Sf;F Cw;w Ntz;Lk;.
(Jiur;rhkp> b.fsj;Jhh;> jpUr;;rp)
O fUnehr;rp ,iy> Ntg;gpiy> mUfk;Gy;> Jsrp
xt;nthd;wpYk; 100 fpuhk; msT vLj;J ,itfis
nts;shl;Lg; ghYld; fye;J ed;whf miuj;J xU Kiw
nfhLj;jhy; njhz;il milg;G rhpahfptpLk;.
O eQ;RKwpr;rhd; ,iy 100 fpuhk;> vYk;nghl;bj;jio 50
fpuhk; Mfpatw;iw miuj;Jg; gr;rhprpf; fQ;rpAld; cs;Ns
nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(n[auhkd;> tz;bghisak;> tpOg;Guk;)
O Mthuq;nfhOe;;J 250 fpuhk;> Mthuk; nkhf;F (g+) 250
fpuhk;> nts;isg;g+z;L 250 fpuhk; %d;iwAk; ,bj;J mk;kpapy;
miuj;J 3 Ntis juNtz;Lk;. ,jid 3 ehl;fs; njhlh;e;;J
nra;J tu Ntz;Lk;.
(v.,uh[h> thRNjtey;Yhh;> jpUney;Ntyp)

55 56
10. fhy;fhiz> tha;fhiz
(Nfhkhhp Neha;)
(Nfhkhhp Neha;)
(Nfhkhhp Neha;)
(Nfhkhhp Neha;)
(Nfhkhhp Neha;)
,e;;Neha; ML> khL> Nghd;w fhy; Fsk;Gs;s
tpyq;;fpdq;;;fSf;F Vw;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;Neha; fyg;gpd khLfSf;F
vspjhf jhf;fp tpLk;. ehl;L khLfspy; ,e;;Nehapdhy; mjpf
ghjpg;G Vw;gLtjpy;iy.
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
fhy;Fsk;Gfspy; nfhg;Gsq;;fSk;> GO itj;j Gz;fSk;
fhzg;gLk;.
mir Nghl;Lf;nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;; ckpo; ePh; tbe;;J
nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
fhy;eilapd; thapd; Nky; ehf;fpYk;> cjL kw;Wk;
<WfspYk; nfhg;Gsq;;fs; Njhd;wp Gz;fshf khwptpLk;.
clypy; fha;r;ry; ,Uf;Fk; ; jPdp rhpahf vLf;fhJ;
ghy;; msT jpBnud Fiwe;;J tpLfpwJ; fhiz cs;s
khLfspd; ghiy fd;Wfs; gUfptpl;lhs; clNd ,wf;f
NehpLfpwJ. fhy;fis cjwpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;> nehz;b elf;Fk;.
fhuzq;;fs;
fhuzq;;fs;
fhuzq;;fs;
fhuzq;;fs;
fhuzq;;fs;
Nfhkhhp Neha; njhw;W fpUkpfshy; Vw;gLk; tpahjpahFk;.
kiof;fhyq;;fspy; ,e;Neha; fhy; Fsk;Gfspy; Njhd;wp
fhy;eilfs; ehf;fpdhy; mtw;iw ef;Fk; NghJ tha;g;gFjpf;Fk;
gutp tpLfpwJ. Nrw;Wg; gFjpapy; Nka;g;gjw;F gjpyhf kiyfspy;
Nka;e;;jhy; ,e;Neha; tUtjpy;iy.
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
itj;jpa Kiwfs;
O epyf;flk;G ,iy (jiu Gifapiy) 250 fpuhk; kQ;rs;
50 fpuhk;> fl;bf; fw;g+uk;25> fpuhk; 250 Mfpatw;iw miuj;J
fhiz cs;;s fhy;fspy; itj;J xU Jzpahy; fl;b
tplNtz;Lk;. nfhR kw;Wk; < nkha;f;fhkypUf;f mjw;F Nky;
Ntg;ngz;nza; jlt Ntz;Lk;.
(%h;j;jp> Mah;ghb> Nfhl;lf;fiu> ghz;br;Nrhp)
O Fg;igNkdp ,iy> rpW Jk;ig ,iy rk msT vLj;J
tpuyp kQ;rs; 4> fl;b fw;g+uk; 10 kw;Wk; rpwpJ Kbf;fUf;fpid
Nrh;j;J miuj;J Ntg;ngz;nza; fye;;J fspk;ghf nra;J fhy;
Fsk;Gfspy; jltp tu Ntz;Lk;.
(,uhK> ,Yg;gf;Fb> rptfq;if)
O tha; Nfhkhhpf;F Ntg;;gpiy kw;Wk; kQ;ris miuj;J
ePUld; fye;;J %d;W ehl;fs; cs;Ns nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
tha;g;Gz; MWk; tiu ed;whff; fha;r;rpa fk;gq;$o; czthff;
nfhLj;J tu Ntz;Lk;. ,e;Neha; Chpy; guTk; rkak;> Neha; tuhj
khl;Lf;F fhl;Lf; fk;G ,bj;J fQ;rp fha;r;rp nfhLj;J te;jhy;
,e;Neha; guthJ.
( mofh;rhkp> Nfhlhq;fpgl;b> Nghb> Njdp)

57 58
O tuFg;Gy;iyAk;> nfhd;iw ,iyAk; Nrh;j;J
jiyg;gFjpapy; thapd; Kd;Gwj;jpy; fhiy> khiy vd 2 ehl;fs;
Gif %l;lk; Nghl Ntz;Lk;. ,e;;ehl;fspy; Neha; fz;l khl;il
njhOtj;jpy; jdpahff; fl;b itf;f Ntz;Lk;. czthff;
Nfg;igf; fQ;rpAk; Mwpa nte;ePUk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. fhy;
Nfhkhhpf;F Fsk;Gfspd; ,ilntspapy; cs;;s Gz;fSf;F
Ntg;ngz;nzia jpdk; %d;W Ntis jlt Ntz;Lk;.
(e. fz;zg;gd;> ghUh;> jh;kGhp)
O Xkk; 50 fpuhk;> rjFg;ig 15 fpuhk; Mfpatw;iw 1ypl;lh;
ePUld; Nrh;j;J fhy; ypl;;luhf tw;Wk; tiu nfhjpf;f itf;f
Ntz;Lk;. gpd;dh; Mwitj;J Neha; FzkhFk; tiu nfhLj;J
tuNtz;Lk;.
Gjpdhr;nrb> kQ;rs;> nfhl;ilg;ghf;F> ntw;wpiy
xt;nthd;wpYk; 25 fpuhk; tPjk; miuj;J 3 ehl;fSf;F jpdKk;
(Mh;. Nf. Fg;jh> Nluh^d;)
O fhizNeha; fz;l fhy;eilapd; ckpo;ePUld; $ba tha;
Eiuia fhiz tuhj khl;bd; thapy; jlt Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW
nra;tjhy; fhiz Neha; guTtJ jLf;fg;gLtjhfTk;>
Nehapy;yhj khl;Lf;F Neha; gutp cldbahf Fzkhfp
tpLtjhff; $wg;gLfpwJ.
O fhiz fz;l khl;bd; tha;g;gFjpapy; Ntg;g ,iyAk;
kQ;rSk; miuj;J g+r Ntz;Lk;. Ntg;ngz;nza;ia fhy;
Fsk;Gfspy; jlt Ntz;Lk;. ,j;Jld; Nghuhf;]; 300’ vd;w
N`hkpNahgjp kUe;;Jld; 100 kp.yp. fpsprhpd; fye;;J fhiz
Neha; fz;l khl;bw;F nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(mNrhf;Fz;Nl> gps;isah;Fg;gk;> ghz;br;Nrhp)
O tz;zhd; mThp ,iy (ePypj;jio) nts;is
Fq;;fpypak;> rq;fq;Fg;gp> fUg;G Fq;;;fpypak; Mfpa xt;nthd;Wk;
50 fpuhk; tPjk; Nrh;j;J miuj;J rpW rpW cUz;il
khj;jpiufshf nra;J itj;Jf; nfhz;L> xU Ntisf;F 10
khj;jpiu tPjk; 3 Ntisf;F thiog;goj;jpy; itj;J
cs;Sf;Fs; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. khj;jpiuia cs;Sf;Fs;
nfhLf;Fk;NghJ ehf;if gykhf ,Of;ff; $lhJ.
khj;jpiu nfhLf;Fk; Kd; 10 fpuhk; gbfhuj;ij 300kp.yp.
ePhpy; #L nra;J ,f;fiuryhy; thapYs;s Gz;fis fOtp
tpl Ntz;Lk;.
(V];. V. n[afhe;jd;> rpj;Jf;fhL> gl;Lf;Nfhl;il> jQ;rht+h;.)
O ,e;;Neha; fz;l khLfisj; jdpahff; fl;b
thiog;goq;fis tpsf;nfz;nza;apy; ,uT Neuq;;fspy;
Cwitj;J fhiyapy; Gfl;l Ntz;Lk;. gd;wp khkprj;ij ,uT
Neuq;fsp;y; rikj;Jf; Fok;ghff; fha;r;rpf; fhiyapy; rhik
rhjj;Jld; fye;J Cl;Ljy;;> kPd;> fUthL Cwitj;j ePiu
fhy; Fsk;gpy; Cw;WJy; Nghd;wit filgpbf;f Ntz;Lk;.
([p.uhkjh];> fhe;jpfpuhkk;> jpz;Lf;fy;)

59 60
O Fsj;Jr; Nrw;wpy; khl;il kpjpf;ftpl;Lg; gpd;dh; fhy;
ghfj;jpy; kz;nzz;nza; jltp fhaitj;J tplNtz;Lk;.
(Nr.rQ;fd;> fhrk;gl;b> ej;jk;> jpz;Lf;fy;)
O Ntg;ge;;jio> fUthl;Lj;Jhs;> kQ;rs; fye;;J Gif
%l;lk; nra;J Gifthilia Neha;fz;l khl;bw;Fk;>
njhOtj;jpYk; fhl;lNtz;Lk;.
trk;Gk;> mfj;jpapiyAk; Nrh;j;J miuj;J thapYk;>
ehrpapYk;> Fsk;gpYk; jltptu Ntz;Lk;. gioa GspAld;
ey;nyz;nza;Ald; gpire;;J thapy; jltNtz;Lk;. fUthL
fOtpd jz;zPiuf; Fsk;Gfspy; tplyhk;. Rf;F ehpg;Gy;>
,Yg;igg; gpz;zhf;F. vUf;fis> Ntypg;gUj;jpapiy> Ntg;g
,iy> re;jdf; fl;il ,itfisnay;yhk; miuj;J ePhpy;
fyf;fp cs;Sf;Fs; Gfl;b clk;gpYk; g+r Ntz;Lk;.
(fUg;gzd;> NrhikaDhh;> Nfhit)
O MLfSf;Ff; fhzNeha; te;;jhy; ,iu jpz;zhJ.
thapy; ePh; tbAk;. ,jw;F kiythiog; gok; 2 kw;Wk;
ey;nyz;nza; 50kp.yp. Nrh;j;J 3 ehl;fs; njhlh;e;J nfhLj;J
tu Fzkhfpd;wJ.
(Nr.rQ;fd;> fhrhkgl;b> ej;jk;> jpz;Lf;fy;)
O fhiz Neha; tUKd; jLg;gjw;F gpQ;R khtL 100 fpuhk;
miuj;J fhiy khiy vd 2 Ntisf;F cs;Ns nfhLf;f
Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW nfhLj;J te;jhy; gpw khLfspypUe;J Neha;
guTtJ jLf;fg;gLfpwJ.
O Neha; te;j fhy;eilfSf;F jiyr;RUsp Nth; 15 fpuhk;
,bj;J ePUld; fye;J cs;Ns nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(fUg;igah> fPojhdpak;> khdhkJiu> rptfq;;if)
O khtpyq;;fk;gl;il 100 fpuhk;> kQ;rs;Jhs; 25 fpuhk;>
Njq;;fha; xd;W Nrh;j;J miuj;Jf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(n[auhkd;> nra;ahq;;Fsk;> tpog;Guk;)
O kiy thiog; gok; 2> tpsf;nfz;nza; 150 kp.yp.
Mfpatw;iw gpire;J Cl;l Ntz;Lk;. khl;Lj; njhOtj;ijr;
Rj;jkhff; fOtp gpdhapy; njspf;f Ntz;Lk;.
O thiog;gok; 5> ey;nyz;nza; 100 kp.yp. Ald; gpire;;J
xUthuj;jpw;F cs;Ns Gfl;lNtz;Lk;.
(ma;ahj;JiuNfhdhh;> b.fpU;zhGuk;> kJiu)
O rhjpf;fha; xd;W> khrpf;fha; xd;W ,itfis ,bj;J
ePhpy; fye;;J cs;Ns Gfl;l Ntz;Lk; (my;yJ)
gyhku ,iy 200 fpuhk;> Ntg;gk;gl;il 300 fpuhk; vLj;J
5 ypl;lh; ePh; fye;;J xU kzpNeuk; fha;r;rpdhy; 3 ypl;luhf
tw;wp tpLk;. ,jid khl;bw;F miu ypl;lh; tPjk; cs;kUe;;jhf
,UNtis nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jid Neha; tUk; Kd;Gk;
nfhLj;J Neha; tuhky; ghJfhf;fyhk;. Rkhh; 30- f;F Nkw;gl;l
gRf;fspy; ghpNrhjpf;fg;gl;L FzkhfpAs;sd.
(Nfhtpe;;jrhkp> ghg;gtyR> nfhLKb> <NuhL)

61 62
O Nrud;nfhl;il gUg;G 50 fpuhk; miuj;J ey;nyz;nza;
250 kp.yp. Ald; fye;;J fha;r;rp Mw itj;J fhy;fhiz cs;;s
,lj;jpy; jlt Ntz;Lk;.
O tha;fhizf;F thpFkl;br; rhW 100 kp.yp. Nrhw;W
fw;whior; NrhW 100 kp.yp.> MLjpz;zhg;ghis rhW 100 kp.yp..
Ntg;ngz;nza; 50 kp.yp. Mfpatw;iw xd;whff; fye;;J
itj;Jf; nfhz;L 50 fpuhk; fUg;gl;bia Kjypy; jpd;df;
nfhLj;Jtpl;L 15 epkplk; fopj;J kUe;Jf; fyitiaf;
nfhLf;f FzkhFk;.
( MWKfk;> vOtzp> fhhpahgl;b> tpUJefh;)
O nte;;jak;> rPufk;. rpWntq;;fhak; Mfpa xt;nthd;wpYk;
50 fpuhk; vLj;J miuj;J 50 kp.yp. ey;nyz;nzAld; Nrh;j;J
cs;Ns Gfl;l Ntz;Lk;.
O Jk;ig ,iy xU ifg;gpb msT> Fg;igNkdp xU
ifg;gpb msT> kQ;rs; 10 fpuhk;> cg;G 1 ifg;gpb msT
Mfpatw;iw ed;whf miuj;J fhiz cs;s ,lj;jpy; g+r
Ntz;Lk;.
O 3 ypl;lh; RL ePhpy; xU ];g+d;fy; cg;G miu ];g+d; Nrhlh
cg;G Nrh;j;J fiuj;J fhiyapYk;> khiyapYk; fhy;
Fsk;Gfis fOtp tplNtz;Lk;. kw;w khLfSf;F Chpy; fhiz
Neha; guTk; rkak; ,k;Kiwia 15 ehl;fs; ekJ khl;bw;F
filgpbj;J te;;jhy; fhiz NehapypUq;J fhg;ghw;wyhk;.
O fhiz te;;j khl;bd; ghiy fd;Wfs; Fbj;jhy; fd;Wf;F
Neha; gutp ,we;;JtpLk;. vdNt ghiy fwe;;J fha;r;rp> Mw
itj;J fd;W Fl;bfSf;F kjpa Ntisapy; Gfl;l Ntz;Lk;.
(yPyh> n[a efh;> rpNkhfh> fh;ehlhfh)
O Chpy; fhiz Neha; khLfSf;F gutp tUk; rkak; Neha;
fhzhj khLfSf;F jpdKk; jz;zPhpy; cg;Gk;> Ntg;gk;gl;ilAk;
Nrh;j;J nfhjpf;f itj;J fhy; Fok;G gFjpiaAk;> tha;
gFjpiaAk; ed;F fOtp tpl Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;F gpd; 200 fpuhk;
Jsrp ,iy> tpuhyp kQ;rs; 3> fy; cg;G 10 fpuhk; miuj;J
jpdKk; xU Ntis tPjk; ftskhf 3 ehl;fSf;F njhlh;e;;J
(jpUkjp. nghd;DKj;J> Njthzpgl;b> rptfq
(jpUkjp. nghd;DKj;J> Njthzpgl;b> rptfq;;;;;;if)
;if)
;if)
;if)
;if)
O gbfhuk; 25 fpuhk; vLj;J Jhs; nra;J miu ypl;lh; ePhpy;
fye;;J mij tha;> fhy; Fsk;G Kjypa ,lq;;fspYs;s
Gz;fis ed;whff; fOtp Rj;jk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. mjd;gpd;
Ntg;ngz;nzia Gz;fspd; Nky; g+rptpl Ntz;Lk;. (my;yJ)
fUNtyk;gl;ilia ePUld; fha;r;rp frhak; nra;J> tha; kw;Wk;
fhy; Fsk;G gFjpfspy; fOtp tpl nra;ayhk;.
( fhy;eil guhkhpg;G ,yhfh> nra;jp Fwpg;G -1954> nrd;id)
O khl;bw;F xU Kl;ilia cilj;J xU ypl;lh; ePhpy;
fye;;J xU ehisf;F xU jlitahf 3 ehl;fs; nfhLj;J tu
Ntz;Lk;. tha;gFjpapy; kQ;rs; 10 fpuhk;> Nghuhf;]; 10 fpuhk;
,uz;ilAk; ntz;nza;apy; gpire;;J g+r Ntz;Lk;.
fhy;gFjpapy; kapy;Jj;jk;> Myk; (gbfhuk;) vd;w ,uz;ilAk;;

63 64
4 – 5 rjfiuryhf;fp 3- 4 Kiw g+rptpl Ntz;Lk;. (40 fpuhk;
Jhis 1 ypl;lh; ePhpy; fye;;J fiuryhf;fyhk;) ,ij
FzkhFk; tiu fil gpbf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(Mh;.Nf.Fg;jh> Nluh^d;)
O fhiz te;jkhl;bd; fhy; Fsk;Gfs; ntJ ntJg;ghd
cg;Gf; fiurypy; fOt Ntz;Lk;. gioa> Njhy; nrUg;ig vhpj;J
fpilf;Fk; rhk;gYld;> mNj msT fliy vz;nza; my;yJ
ey;nyz;nza; Nrh;j;J Gz;; MWk; tiu Fsk;Gfspy; jlt
Ntz;Lk;.
(fphPj; gl;Nly;> mfkjhghj;)
O fhiz tUk; Kd; jLg;gjw;F u];lhf;]; 200 tJ tPhpak;
my;yJ fhypINahNll;lk
fhypINahNll;lk
fhypINahNll;lk
fhypINahNll;lk
fhypINahNll;lk; 200 tJ tPhpak; vd;w
N]hkpNahgjp kUe;jpy; 4 khj;jpiu tPjk; ,uz;L Ntis
nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(ePyfz;ld;> tz;Ba+h;> kJiu)
11. rg;ig Neha;
11. rg;ig Neha;
11. rg;ig Neha;
11. rg;ig Neha;
11. rg;ig Neha;
rg;ig Neha; ey;;y epYitapYs;s ,sq;;fhisfs;>
fpNlhpfis jhf;Ffpd;wJ. ,e;Neha; kio fhyj;jpNyh mjw;F
gpd;Ngh tUfpwJ. Nka;r;ry; jiuapy; kz;zpy; Neha; fpUkpfs;
gutp tpLtjhy; Mz;LNjhWk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpy; kPz;Lk;
kPz;Lk; ,e;Neha; Vw;gLfpwJ. vdNt Neha; gutpa Nka;r;ry;
jiufis ed;whf cOJ tpl Ntz;Lk;.
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
mwpFwpfs;
tPf;fk; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;ij fz;lwpe;;jTld; mjidr;
Rw;wp Rz;zhk;gpdhy; tl;lkpl Ntz;Lk;;; rpykzp Neuk; fopj;J
tPf;fkhdJ tl;lj;ij tpl;L nghpjhfp fhzg;gl;;lhy; rg;ig Neha;
cs;sJ vd;gij mwpayhk;.

65 66
jpBnud;W clypy; ntg;gk; mjpfkhfp fha;r;ry; fz;L khL
,we;J tpLk;. njhil> Njhy; rg;ig> fOj;Jg; gFjpfspy;
#lhd> ,Wf;fkhd typNahL $ba tPf;fk; fhzg;gLk;. tPf;fk;
te;;j gFjpfspy; cs;s Njhy; fha;e;J> fUg;ghfp tPq;fpAs;s
,lj;ij mOj;jpdhy; ‘ewew’ vd;w rg;jk; Nfl;Fk;.
fhy;fs; elf;f Kbahky; nehz;Lk; ; jPtdk;
jpd;dhkYk;> ePh; Fbf;fhkYk; ,Uf;Fk;. khh;G gFjp tPq;fp jiy>
fz;> ehb kw;Wk; cly; KOtJk; Fsph;r;rpahf ,Uf;Fk;.
fhuz
fhuz
fhuz
fhuz
fhuzq
q
q
q
q;;fs;
;fs;
;fs;
;fs;
;fs;
kiof;fhyq;;fspy; guTk;;; Neha;tha;g;gl;l khLfspy;
,Ue;;J rhzj;jpd; %yk; guTk;.
itj;jpaKiw
itj;jpaKiw
itj;jpaKiw
itj;jpaKiw
itj;jpaKiw
O nfhbNtypNth; 10 fpuhk;> vUf;fq;fha; 5 (Rl;lJ)>
ftpo;Jk;ig 100 fpuhk;> rpWFkl;b ,iyfpuhk;> Nga; Jk;kl;b
100 fpuhk;> ntw;wpiy 5> kpsF 25 fpuhk;> Rf;F 50 fpuhk;
Nghd;wtw;iw miuj;J itj;J ,uz;L gq;fhf;fp fhiy> khiy>
2 Ntisf;F RL ePhpy; fye;J cs;Sf;Fs; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(,uhKj;Njth;>nghd;dk;gL;if> tUrehL> Njdp)
O Nga;gPh;f;if ,iy> gPehhpr; rq;
q;
q;
q;
q;;F ,iy> Nfhit ,iy
Mfpatw;iw ifg;gpbasT Nrh;j;J ,bj;J fhy;gb rhW vLj;J
mj;Jld; ,bj;J nghb nra;j Rf;F> kpsF> ngUq;fhak;
10 fpuhk;> ,uz;L Nfhop Kl;il kw;Wk; Ntg;ngz;nza; 50 kp.yp.
fye;J 3 Ntis cs;Ns nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(Fkhh;> ,.Nfhtpy;gl;b> jpz;Lf;fy;)
O njd;dk;ghis g+ mhprpia vYkpr;rk;go msT miuj;J
100 kp.yp. gRk;ghypy; Jitj;Jg; gpope;;J cs;Sf;Ff; nfhLf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
(vk;. rilad;> rpj;jNuT> jpz;Lf;fy;)
O Gw;Wkz;> GOq;;fy; mhprp 150 fpuhk;> nts;is ej;ij $L
4 vz;zpf;if> NfhopKl;il 1> kQ;rs; Jz;L 1,it
midj;ijAk; xd;W Nrh;j;J miuj;J rg;ig tPq;fp cs;s
,lj;jpy; mOj;jpg; ghh;j;J ,ijg; gj;J Nghl Ntz;Lk;.
cs;kUe;;jhf ntw;wpiy 4> Xkk; 5 fpuhk;> rhk;gpuhzp> 5 fpuhk;>
kpsF 10 fpuhk; midj;ijAk; xd;whfr; Nrh;j;J miuj;J
(V.Mh;. ehuhazrhkp> Ma;%h;> ehfg;gl;bzk;)
O jpUFfs;spg;ghy;> nfhbfs;spg; ghy;> mj;jpg;ghy;>
Myk;ghy; kw;Wk; vUf;fk;ghy; xt;nthd;Wk; 10 Kjy; 15
nrhl;Lfs; tiu xU rpW vth;rpy;th; ghj;jpuj;jpy; vLj;J
mj;Jld; 50 kp.yp. ey;nyz;nza; kw;Wk; Nfg;ig khT (uhfp
khT) 50 fpuhk; Mfpatw;iw Fioj;J fhy;eilfspy; re;J
gFjpapy; rpwpa tl;lkhf nghl;L itf;f Ntz;Lk; (Nkw;fz;l
msT kUe;;J Rkhh; 50 khLfSf;F NghJkhdJ).
O rg;ig Neha;f;F f;Nuhly]; `hhpl]; 200 tJ tPhpak;
vd;w N`hkpNahgjp kUe;ij Neha; te;j rkak; my;yJ mjw;F
Kd; nfhLj;jhy; Neha; jPUk;.
(ePyfz;ld;> tz;ba+h;> kJiu)

ஆடு_மாடுகோழிகளுக்கான_நாட்டு_மருத்துவம்.pdf

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