Arthur Weglein is the Director of the Mission-Oriented Seismic Research Program, & holds Hugh Roy & Lillie Cranz Cullen Distinguished University Chair in Physics. Check www.houstonarthurweglein.com
Question guide on natural and human sciencesSirimasS
Ā
Scientists have three options when a conflict arises between observation and hypotheses: reject the hypothesis, reject the observation, or accept both by proposing an auxiliary hypothesis. A rationalist believes that well-established scientific theories should not be abandoned lightly due to anomalous evidence, while an empiricist believes theories should be rejected if contradicted by evidence. For example, when Uranus's orbit didn't match predictions, scientists proposed the auxiliary hypothesis of an unknown planet rather than rejecting Newtonian physics. This illustrates the rationalist view that outstanding problems in a generally successful theory will eventually be resolved.
This document summarizes an open source project that developed tools to automatically measure accessibility and transparency of e-government websites. The project involved 21 municipalities and research partners over 3 years, supported by public funding. The tools checked websites against standards like WCAG and provided benchmarks and reports to help public agencies improve their sites and inform policymaking.
This document summarizes an inventory model for items that both deteriorate and improve (ameliorate) over time. The model considers time-varying demand, deterioration, amelioration, inflation, and time value of money. The inventory level is modeled over two time intervals - in the first interval it decreases from the initial level to zero due to demand, deterioration and amelioration. In the second interval, shortages are allowed and partially backlogged. Equations are developed for the inventory level, total holding cost, backlogging amount, and lost sales over the two intervals. The objective is to optimize the total cost and determine the optimal order quantity.
This document contains a list of 200 words for a 4th grade spelling bee at Colegio San Patricio for the 2009-2010 school year. The words are presented individually and range from short common words to longer less common words across different categories.
The document discusses three media theories: 1) The hypodermic needle model which sees audiences as passive receivers of powerful media messages from institutions; 2) The gratification model which argues audiences actively use media to fulfill needs like entertainment and social interaction; 3) Recent theories of re-mediating audiences that acknowledge audiences now help create media through user-generated content and can determine media outcomes through voting, making the consumer more powerful.
Question guide on natural and human sciencesSirimasS
Ā
Scientists have three options when a conflict arises between observation and hypotheses: reject the hypothesis, reject the observation, or accept both by proposing an auxiliary hypothesis. A rationalist believes that well-established scientific theories should not be abandoned lightly due to anomalous evidence, while an empiricist believes theories should be rejected if contradicted by evidence. For example, when Uranus's orbit didn't match predictions, scientists proposed the auxiliary hypothesis of an unknown planet rather than rejecting Newtonian physics. This illustrates the rationalist view that outstanding problems in a generally successful theory will eventually be resolved.
This document summarizes an open source project that developed tools to automatically measure accessibility and transparency of e-government websites. The project involved 21 municipalities and research partners over 3 years, supported by public funding. The tools checked websites against standards like WCAG and provided benchmarks and reports to help public agencies improve their sites and inform policymaking.
This document summarizes an inventory model for items that both deteriorate and improve (ameliorate) over time. The model considers time-varying demand, deterioration, amelioration, inflation, and time value of money. The inventory level is modeled over two time intervals - in the first interval it decreases from the initial level to zero due to demand, deterioration and amelioration. In the second interval, shortages are allowed and partially backlogged. Equations are developed for the inventory level, total holding cost, backlogging amount, and lost sales over the two intervals. The objective is to optimize the total cost and determine the optimal order quantity.
This document contains a list of 200 words for a 4th grade spelling bee at Colegio San Patricio for the 2009-2010 school year. The words are presented individually and range from short common words to longer less common words across different categories.
The document discusses three media theories: 1) The hypodermic needle model which sees audiences as passive receivers of powerful media messages from institutions; 2) The gratification model which argues audiences actively use media to fulfill needs like entertainment and social interaction; 3) Recent theories of re-mediating audiences that acknowledge audiences now help create media through user-generated content and can determine media outcomes through voting, making the consumer more powerful.
This document provides an overview of the process improvement process, including process measurement, analysis, change, and the CMMI framework. It discusses measuring current processes to establish a baseline and analyzing processes to identify bottlenecks. Process changes are then introduced based on the analysis. The goal is to understand existing processes, relate them to models and standards, and identify constraints in order to improve quality, reduce costs and time. Process and product quality are closely linked, so improving processes enhances products.
This tutorial provides instructions for finding original research articles using the database ScienceDirect. It outlines the steps to access ScienceDirect through the library website, perform searches using relevant terms, and filter results to focus on journal articles published within a specific year. It emphasizes identifying "original research articles" by previewing the abstract and checking that the methods and discussion/results sections meet this classification. Contact information is provided for librarians available to offer additional help.
Mx/G(a,b)/1 With Modified Vacation, Variant Arrival Rate With Restricted Admi...IJRES Journal
Ā
In this paper, a bulk arrival general bulk service queuing system with modified M-vacation policy, variant arrival rate under a restricted admissibility policy of arriving batches and close down time is considered. During the server is in non- vacation, the arrivals are admitted with probability with ' Ī± ' whereas, with probability 'Ī²' they are admitted when the server is in vacation. The server starts the service only if at least āaā customers are waiting in the queue, and renders the service according to the general bulk service rule with minimum of āaā customers and maximum of ābā customers. At the completion of service, if the number of waiting customers in the queue is less than āšā then the server performs closedown work , then the server will avail of multiple vacations till the queue length reaches a consecutively avail of M number of vacations, After completing the Mth vacation, if the queue length is still less than a then the server remains idle till it reaches a. The server starts the service only if the queue length b ā„ a. It is considered that the variant arrival rate dependent on the state of the server.
The document provides an agenda for a presentation on developing web parts in SharePoint. The summary includes:
- The presentation will cover web part fundamentals, developing a simple web part in Visual Studio 2008, customization and personalization, designing web parts using controls, creating AJAX and Silverlight web parts, new web part verbs features, and web part connections.
- It will discuss the different types of web parts available in SharePoint and how to structure web parts on a page. Examples will be demonstrated for developing a simple web part, creating an editor part, hosting controls in web parts, and using web part verbs and connections.
This is a checklist for auditors performing audits of financial statements, to ensure the work performed on Taxes is adequate. It may be slightly modified in line with local legislation requirments.
Hace 40 millones de aƱos, pequeƱos mamĆferos nocturnos que vivĆan en los Ć”rboles evolucionaron en los primeros primates. Con el tiempo, algunos primates desarrollaron crĆ”neos y cerebros mĆ”s grandes, la habilidad de tomar objetos con sus manos, y se adaptaron a alimentarse de frutas y vegetales durante el dĆa.
Epic Research is a leading financial services provider with presence in Indian and other global capital markets. Provides Stock Tips, Forex Tips, Commodity Tips, MCX Tips, Equity Tips, Tips, Intraday Tips, NSE Tips, BSE Tips, COMEX Tips, PCG Pack and NCDEX Tips. We provide services in equity, commodity and Forex market.
The document provides status updates on multiple projects including background information, detailed status, and quick status summaries. It discusses the background and current status of projects focused on images, custom code, and other undisclosed topics. Updates are given for several aspects of each project.
El documento propone crear una empresa llamada FRUTYCAL en Florencia, Colombia para procesar y vender pulpa de fruta 100% natural. La empresa aprovecharĆa la gran diversidad y calidad de frutas producidas en la regiĆ³n. RealizarĆa encuestas para determinar la demanda, capacidad de producciĆ³n de los agricultores, y precios competitivos. La empresa tendrĆa un impacto econĆ³mico, social y ambiental positivo en la regiĆ³n al crear empleos, comprar a los agricultores, y fomentar prĆ”cticas orgĆ”nicas. Las enc
The document discusses the business intelligence capabilities in SharePoint Server 2010. It includes Excel Services to share and analyze Excel workbooks, PerformancePoint Services for KPIs and scorecards, and Visio Services to share Visio diagrams. These services provide self-service and organizational BI through features like interactive PivotTables, decomposition trees, and visual scorecards integrated into SharePoint. They enable analysis of data from multiple sources through browser-based interactions.
I am very fond of complexity thinking these days. It provides a refreshing alternative for people planning interventions and conducting evaluation in humanitarian and development aid.
Balanced Scorecard Essay. Balanced scorecard in restaurant Essay Example Top...Brandy Rose
Ā
The Balanced Scorecard - 524 Words | Free Essay Example on GraduateWay. āThe Balanced Scorecard Essay Essay Example | GraduateWay. (DOC) Balanced Scorecard essay 1000 words 1 | Ani Avanesyan - Academia.edu. Balanced Scorecard Essay - Federal Resume. Adoption of the Balanced Scorecard Essay Example | Topics and Well .... Helpful Balanced Scorecard Template for Strategy Execution | monday.com .... The Balanced Scorecard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays .... The Balanced Scorecard Concept Essay Example | Topics and Well Written .... Applying balanced scorecard - 282 Words - NerdySeal. 31 Professional Balanced Scorecard Examples & Templates. Balanced Scorecard Essay ā Telegraph. How To Make A Balanced Scorecard Template Pdf Template - Riset. Balanced Scorecard of Halifax, Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well .... the balanced scorecard essay. strategy simulation the balanced scorecard harvard. Balanced Scorecard Templates. Essays Balanced Scorecard Bachelor Thesis : ā Balanced scorecard .... Balanced essay. Balanced Scorecard essay. 2022-11-05. Balanced Scorecard Approach in Organizations - 1932 Words | Report Example. Figure 1 from Application of the Balanced Scorecard in Higher Education .... balanced scorecard | Pathways International. Walmart Balanced Scorecard | Case Study Example. Balanced Scorecard Example Manufacturing Company. balanced scorecard exle intrafocus | Strategy map, Balance, Example. Online Essay Help | amazonia.fiocruz.br. The Cleveland Clinic's Balanced Scorecards - 5953 Words | Report Example. A Balanced Scorecard. Balanced Scorecard Assignment Report Example | Topics and Well Written ....
This document outlines a presentation by Dr. P.S. Jagadeesh Kumar from Stanford University on research. It defines research as the systematic process of collecting and analyzing information to increase understanding. It discusses differences between engineering and science, and says classifying research as good or bad is not meaningful. It also addresses what constitutes a research paper, differences between academic and industry research, and lists "commandments" for creativity and success in research. The overall message is that research makes researchers better learners by developing in-depth skills and solving real problems.
Example Of Report Essay. Report Writing Example for Students - 9 Examples, Fo...Anita Walker
Ā
How To Write A Report Essay Format - Explanation of How to Write a Report. Narrative Report - 25+ Examples, Format, Pdf | Examples. Report essays 3. Report writing essay sample from assignmentsupport.com essay writing. Remarkable Report Essay ~ Thatsnotus. Sample Report Writing Example : Introduction to technical reports. 009 Report Full1 How To Write Essay Format ~ Thatsnotus. 003 How To Write Report Essay Format Business I0 ~ Thatsnotus. Report Writing Examples - 19+ | Examples. Sample Report Writing Example - Writing analysis report. Report writing. Example of Business Report - Free Essay Sample. Research Paper: Sample of report essay. How To Write Report Writing Example - Writing reports. College essay: Sample of report essay. how to write an essay report | Essay, Essay writing, Best essay writing .... Casual How To Write Report Writing Introduction A Technical Assessment. Investigative essay example | Report writing, Report writing format .... Official Report Writing Sample | PDF Template. Report Writing Example for Students - 9+ Examples, Format, Pdf | Examples. Magnificent How To Write A Report Essay Format ~ Thatsnotus. How to Write a Report Essay - MaximillianjoysMurphy. 010 Report Essay Example Business Sample Of Writing Examples Spm Career ....
Length a minimum of two pagesReflecting on the Reading, Writi.docxsmile790243
Ā
Length: a minimum of two pages
Reflecting on the Reading, Writing, and Learning ProcessāSelf-reflection is a vital part of the learning process. In this assignment, you are required to demonstrate your ability to reflect on your reading, writing, and learning process throughout the semester and apply the concept of metacognition (i.e., āthinking about thinking,ā or critical awareness of oneās own learning process) to your own experiences.
Pointing directly to your experience of reading critically and writing multiple drafts of Essay Assignments #1, #2, and #3, write an essay in which you evaluate your own work and the progress you made as a reader and writer throughout the semester.
To write this essay successfully, you need to first decide on an overarching statement (i.e., your thesis) that includes the particular reading, writing skills and practices that you have developed most in this course. To derive your thesis, consider the following questions: What were my strengths and weaknesses in reading and writing? What have I learned? How has my reading and writing process evolved?
To prove your thesis, you may need to refer to our course readings, to your drafts and revisions, to the feedback from your peer and me (and/or tutors), to other assignments, and other relevant documents from the semester. Make sure, however, that you provide specific evidence from your own work and clear explanation of your own learning process.
In your conclusion, you need to include your goals for future improvement in reading and writing, and ways in which you achieve them.
And add one para for essay3 plz
Thank youļ¼
Running Head: IMPACT OF MATHEMATICAL ADVANCES 1
IMPACT OF MATHEMATICAL ADVANCES 5
Impact of Mathematical Advances
Studentās name
Institutional Affiliation
Introduction
As technology grows, there is increasing reason to worry on whether there is high importance of being able to develop an understanding of everything around us. Some of the concepts which we as humans find difficult to comprehend are such as the universe and its functioningās as well as topic taught in schools and those which emerge as general knowledge. Technologies such as computer chips embedded with software are learning different concepts and they are able to comprehend most of the subject areas which is becoming a worrying tends among many. Different proofs have been come up with by different scientologists, mathematicians and other professionals in the different fields. Problems have arisen however in attempts to understand some of these proofs with some people finding it a challenge to understand the proofs due to the differences in levels of understanding among the individuals. For example, mathematical and physics conventions have relatively low turnouts since the levels of understanding between the individuals was relatively low with some finding the topics extremely complex and some found them simply boring to their tastes of understanding.
Backgroun ...
Due Jan 6Week 8Using Figure 1.2 in Ch. 1 of Exploring Resear.docxjacksnathalie
Ā
Due Jan 6
Week 8
Using Figure 1.2 in Ch. 1 of Exploring Research, create a flowchart using MicrosoftĀ® Word or a similar program that helps you identify what research design to use for your research question.Ā
Figure 1.2 Research Design ācheat sheetā
Say Hello to Research!
Walk down the hall in any building on your campus where social and
behavioral science professors have their offices in such departments as
psychology, education, nursing, sociology, and human development. Do you
see any bearded, disheveled, white-coated men wearing rumpled pants and
smoking pipes, hunched over their computers and mumbling to themselves?
How about disheveled, white-coated women wearing rumpled skirts, smoking
pipes, hunched over their computers, and mumbling to themselves?
Researchers hard at work? No. Stereotypes of what scientists look like
and do? Yes. What you are more likely to see in the halls of your classroom
building or in your adviserās office are men and women of all ages who are
hard at work. They are committed to finding the answer to just another piece
of the great puzzle that helps us understand human behavior a little better
than the previous generation of scientists.
Like everyone else, these people go to work in the morning, but unlike
many others, these researchers have a passion for understanding what they
study and for coming as close as possible to finding the ātruth.ā Although these
truths can be elusive and sometimes even unobtainable, researchers work
toward discovering them for the satisfaction of answering important questions
and then using this new information to help others. Early intervention
programs, treatments of psychopathology, new curricula, conflict resolution
techniques, effective drug treatment programs, and even changes in policy and
law have resulted from evidence collected by researchers. Although not always
perfect, each little bit of evidence gained from a new study or a new idea for a
study contributes to a vast legacy of knowledge for the next generation of
researchers such as yourself.
You may already know and appreciate something about the world of
research. The purpose of this book is to provide you with the tools you need to
do even more, such as
ā¢ develop an understanding of the research process.
ā¢ prepare yourself to conduct research of your own.
ā¢ learn how to judge the quality of research.
ā¢ learn how to read, search through, and summarize other research.
ā¢ learn the value of research activities conducted online.
ā¢ reveal the mysteries of basic statistics and show you how easily they can
be used.
ā¢ measure the behaviors, traits, or attributes that interest you.
ā¢ collect the type of data that relate to your area of interest.
ā¢ use a leading statistical package (SPSS) to analyze data.
ā¢ design research studies that answer the question that you want answered.
ā¢ write the type of research proposal (and a research report) that puts you in controlā
one that shows you have command of the content of the resear ...
This document provides an overview of the process improvement process, including process measurement, analysis, change, and the CMMI framework. It discusses measuring current processes to establish a baseline and analyzing processes to identify bottlenecks. Process changes are then introduced based on the analysis. The goal is to understand existing processes, relate them to models and standards, and identify constraints in order to improve quality, reduce costs and time. Process and product quality are closely linked, so improving processes enhances products.
This tutorial provides instructions for finding original research articles using the database ScienceDirect. It outlines the steps to access ScienceDirect through the library website, perform searches using relevant terms, and filter results to focus on journal articles published within a specific year. It emphasizes identifying "original research articles" by previewing the abstract and checking that the methods and discussion/results sections meet this classification. Contact information is provided for librarians available to offer additional help.
Mx/G(a,b)/1 With Modified Vacation, Variant Arrival Rate With Restricted Admi...IJRES Journal
Ā
In this paper, a bulk arrival general bulk service queuing system with modified M-vacation policy, variant arrival rate under a restricted admissibility policy of arriving batches and close down time is considered. During the server is in non- vacation, the arrivals are admitted with probability with ' Ī± ' whereas, with probability 'Ī²' they are admitted when the server is in vacation. The server starts the service only if at least āaā customers are waiting in the queue, and renders the service according to the general bulk service rule with minimum of āaā customers and maximum of ābā customers. At the completion of service, if the number of waiting customers in the queue is less than āšā then the server performs closedown work , then the server will avail of multiple vacations till the queue length reaches a consecutively avail of M number of vacations, After completing the Mth vacation, if the queue length is still less than a then the server remains idle till it reaches a. The server starts the service only if the queue length b ā„ a. It is considered that the variant arrival rate dependent on the state of the server.
The document provides an agenda for a presentation on developing web parts in SharePoint. The summary includes:
- The presentation will cover web part fundamentals, developing a simple web part in Visual Studio 2008, customization and personalization, designing web parts using controls, creating AJAX and Silverlight web parts, new web part verbs features, and web part connections.
- It will discuss the different types of web parts available in SharePoint and how to structure web parts on a page. Examples will be demonstrated for developing a simple web part, creating an editor part, hosting controls in web parts, and using web part verbs and connections.
This is a checklist for auditors performing audits of financial statements, to ensure the work performed on Taxes is adequate. It may be slightly modified in line with local legislation requirments.
Hace 40 millones de aƱos, pequeƱos mamĆferos nocturnos que vivĆan en los Ć”rboles evolucionaron en los primeros primates. Con el tiempo, algunos primates desarrollaron crĆ”neos y cerebros mĆ”s grandes, la habilidad de tomar objetos con sus manos, y se adaptaron a alimentarse de frutas y vegetales durante el dĆa.
Epic Research is a leading financial services provider with presence in Indian and other global capital markets. Provides Stock Tips, Forex Tips, Commodity Tips, MCX Tips, Equity Tips, Tips, Intraday Tips, NSE Tips, BSE Tips, COMEX Tips, PCG Pack and NCDEX Tips. We provide services in equity, commodity and Forex market.
The document provides status updates on multiple projects including background information, detailed status, and quick status summaries. It discusses the background and current status of projects focused on images, custom code, and other undisclosed topics. Updates are given for several aspects of each project.
El documento propone crear una empresa llamada FRUTYCAL en Florencia, Colombia para procesar y vender pulpa de fruta 100% natural. La empresa aprovecharĆa la gran diversidad y calidad de frutas producidas en la regiĆ³n. RealizarĆa encuestas para determinar la demanda, capacidad de producciĆ³n de los agricultores, y precios competitivos. La empresa tendrĆa un impacto econĆ³mico, social y ambiental positivo en la regiĆ³n al crear empleos, comprar a los agricultores, y fomentar prĆ”cticas orgĆ”nicas. Las enc
The document discusses the business intelligence capabilities in SharePoint Server 2010. It includes Excel Services to share and analyze Excel workbooks, PerformancePoint Services for KPIs and scorecards, and Visio Services to share Visio diagrams. These services provide self-service and organizational BI through features like interactive PivotTables, decomposition trees, and visual scorecards integrated into SharePoint. They enable analysis of data from multiple sources through browser-based interactions.
I am very fond of complexity thinking these days. It provides a refreshing alternative for people planning interventions and conducting evaluation in humanitarian and development aid.
Balanced Scorecard Essay. Balanced scorecard in restaurant Essay Example Top...Brandy Rose
Ā
The Balanced Scorecard - 524 Words | Free Essay Example on GraduateWay. āThe Balanced Scorecard Essay Essay Example | GraduateWay. (DOC) Balanced Scorecard essay 1000 words 1 | Ani Avanesyan - Academia.edu. Balanced Scorecard Essay - Federal Resume. Adoption of the Balanced Scorecard Essay Example | Topics and Well .... Helpful Balanced Scorecard Template for Strategy Execution | monday.com .... The Balanced Scorecard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays .... The Balanced Scorecard Concept Essay Example | Topics and Well Written .... Applying balanced scorecard - 282 Words - NerdySeal. 31 Professional Balanced Scorecard Examples & Templates. Balanced Scorecard Essay ā Telegraph. How To Make A Balanced Scorecard Template Pdf Template - Riset. Balanced Scorecard of Halifax, Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well .... the balanced scorecard essay. strategy simulation the balanced scorecard harvard. Balanced Scorecard Templates. Essays Balanced Scorecard Bachelor Thesis : ā Balanced scorecard .... Balanced essay. Balanced Scorecard essay. 2022-11-05. Balanced Scorecard Approach in Organizations - 1932 Words | Report Example. Figure 1 from Application of the Balanced Scorecard in Higher Education .... balanced scorecard | Pathways International. Walmart Balanced Scorecard | Case Study Example. Balanced Scorecard Example Manufacturing Company. balanced scorecard exle intrafocus | Strategy map, Balance, Example. Online Essay Help | amazonia.fiocruz.br. The Cleveland Clinic's Balanced Scorecards - 5953 Words | Report Example. A Balanced Scorecard. Balanced Scorecard Assignment Report Example | Topics and Well Written ....
This document outlines a presentation by Dr. P.S. Jagadeesh Kumar from Stanford University on research. It defines research as the systematic process of collecting and analyzing information to increase understanding. It discusses differences between engineering and science, and says classifying research as good or bad is not meaningful. It also addresses what constitutes a research paper, differences between academic and industry research, and lists "commandments" for creativity and success in research. The overall message is that research makes researchers better learners by developing in-depth skills and solving real problems.
Example Of Report Essay. Report Writing Example for Students - 9 Examples, Fo...Anita Walker
Ā
How To Write A Report Essay Format - Explanation of How to Write a Report. Narrative Report - 25+ Examples, Format, Pdf | Examples. Report essays 3. Report writing essay sample from assignmentsupport.com essay writing. Remarkable Report Essay ~ Thatsnotus. Sample Report Writing Example : Introduction to technical reports. 009 Report Full1 How To Write Essay Format ~ Thatsnotus. 003 How To Write Report Essay Format Business I0 ~ Thatsnotus. Report Writing Examples - 19+ | Examples. Sample Report Writing Example - Writing analysis report. Report writing. Example of Business Report - Free Essay Sample. Research Paper: Sample of report essay. How To Write Report Writing Example - Writing reports. College essay: Sample of report essay. how to write an essay report | Essay, Essay writing, Best essay writing .... Casual How To Write Report Writing Introduction A Technical Assessment. Investigative essay example | Report writing, Report writing format .... Official Report Writing Sample | PDF Template. Report Writing Example for Students - 9+ Examples, Format, Pdf | Examples. Magnificent How To Write A Report Essay Format ~ Thatsnotus. How to Write a Report Essay - MaximillianjoysMurphy. 010 Report Essay Example Business Sample Of Writing Examples Spm Career ....
Length a minimum of two pagesReflecting on the Reading, Writi.docxsmile790243
Ā
Length: a minimum of two pages
Reflecting on the Reading, Writing, and Learning ProcessāSelf-reflection is a vital part of the learning process. In this assignment, you are required to demonstrate your ability to reflect on your reading, writing, and learning process throughout the semester and apply the concept of metacognition (i.e., āthinking about thinking,ā or critical awareness of oneās own learning process) to your own experiences.
Pointing directly to your experience of reading critically and writing multiple drafts of Essay Assignments #1, #2, and #3, write an essay in which you evaluate your own work and the progress you made as a reader and writer throughout the semester.
To write this essay successfully, you need to first decide on an overarching statement (i.e., your thesis) that includes the particular reading, writing skills and practices that you have developed most in this course. To derive your thesis, consider the following questions: What were my strengths and weaknesses in reading and writing? What have I learned? How has my reading and writing process evolved?
To prove your thesis, you may need to refer to our course readings, to your drafts and revisions, to the feedback from your peer and me (and/or tutors), to other assignments, and other relevant documents from the semester. Make sure, however, that you provide specific evidence from your own work and clear explanation of your own learning process.
In your conclusion, you need to include your goals for future improvement in reading and writing, and ways in which you achieve them.
And add one para for essay3 plz
Thank youļ¼
Running Head: IMPACT OF MATHEMATICAL ADVANCES 1
IMPACT OF MATHEMATICAL ADVANCES 5
Impact of Mathematical Advances
Studentās name
Institutional Affiliation
Introduction
As technology grows, there is increasing reason to worry on whether there is high importance of being able to develop an understanding of everything around us. Some of the concepts which we as humans find difficult to comprehend are such as the universe and its functioningās as well as topic taught in schools and those which emerge as general knowledge. Technologies such as computer chips embedded with software are learning different concepts and they are able to comprehend most of the subject areas which is becoming a worrying tends among many. Different proofs have been come up with by different scientologists, mathematicians and other professionals in the different fields. Problems have arisen however in attempts to understand some of these proofs with some people finding it a challenge to understand the proofs due to the differences in levels of understanding among the individuals. For example, mathematical and physics conventions have relatively low turnouts since the levels of understanding between the individuals was relatively low with some finding the topics extremely complex and some found them simply boring to their tastes of understanding.
Backgroun ...
Due Jan 6Week 8Using Figure 1.2 in Ch. 1 of Exploring Resear.docxjacksnathalie
Ā
Due Jan 6
Week 8
Using Figure 1.2 in Ch. 1 of Exploring Research, create a flowchart using MicrosoftĀ® Word or a similar program that helps you identify what research design to use for your research question.Ā
Figure 1.2 Research Design ācheat sheetā
Say Hello to Research!
Walk down the hall in any building on your campus where social and
behavioral science professors have their offices in such departments as
psychology, education, nursing, sociology, and human development. Do you
see any bearded, disheveled, white-coated men wearing rumpled pants and
smoking pipes, hunched over their computers and mumbling to themselves?
How about disheveled, white-coated women wearing rumpled skirts, smoking
pipes, hunched over their computers, and mumbling to themselves?
Researchers hard at work? No. Stereotypes of what scientists look like
and do? Yes. What you are more likely to see in the halls of your classroom
building or in your adviserās office are men and women of all ages who are
hard at work. They are committed to finding the answer to just another piece
of the great puzzle that helps us understand human behavior a little better
than the previous generation of scientists.
Like everyone else, these people go to work in the morning, but unlike
many others, these researchers have a passion for understanding what they
study and for coming as close as possible to finding the ātruth.ā Although these
truths can be elusive and sometimes even unobtainable, researchers work
toward discovering them for the satisfaction of answering important questions
and then using this new information to help others. Early intervention
programs, treatments of psychopathology, new curricula, conflict resolution
techniques, effective drug treatment programs, and even changes in policy and
law have resulted from evidence collected by researchers. Although not always
perfect, each little bit of evidence gained from a new study or a new idea for a
study contributes to a vast legacy of knowledge for the next generation of
researchers such as yourself.
You may already know and appreciate something about the world of
research. The purpose of this book is to provide you with the tools you need to
do even more, such as
ā¢ develop an understanding of the research process.
ā¢ prepare yourself to conduct research of your own.
ā¢ learn how to judge the quality of research.
ā¢ learn how to read, search through, and summarize other research.
ā¢ learn the value of research activities conducted online.
ā¢ reveal the mysteries of basic statistics and show you how easily they can
be used.
ā¢ measure the behaviors, traits, or attributes that interest you.
ā¢ collect the type of data that relate to your area of interest.
ā¢ use a leading statistical package (SPSS) to analyze data.
ā¢ design research studies that answer the question that you want answered.
ā¢ write the type of research proposal (and a research report) that puts you in controlā
one that shows you have command of the content of the resear ...
This document provides guidance on how to conduct research effectively. It discusses important considerations when starting a research project such as defining a clear research question, gathering relevant information through reading, and formulating testable hypotheses. The document also outlines key steps in the scientific process including designing experiments, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. Additionally, it offers advice on how to approach challenges in research such as exposing assumptions, investigating anomalies, and developing necessary tools to make progress on solving research problems.
This presentation is to prepare administrators and teachers for the Next Generation of Science Standards. It provides an overview of the organization and the three
The role of theory in researchProf Brian van WykPO.docxkathleen23456789
Ā
The role of theory in research
Prof Brian van Wyk
POSTGRADUATE ENROLMENT AND THROUGHPUT (PET)
*
Outline for workshopWhat is theory?Characteristics of theoryFunctions of theory in researchHow to evaluate the quality of a theory (explanation)Theory in research OR research and theory?
*
What is theory?A model or framework for observation and understandingshapes both what we see and how we see it;allows the researcher to make links between the abstract and the concrete, the theoretical and the empirical, thought statements and observational statements.
Generalising statements that assert a connection between two or more types of phenomena
Explains and predicts the relationship between variables
A system of interconnected abstractions or ideas that condenses and organises knowledge about the world
*
Characteristics of theoryTheory guides research and organises its ideas. i.e. bricks lying around haphazardly in the brickyard: āfactsā of different shapes and sizes have no meaning unless they are drawn together in a theoretical or conceptual framework.
Empirically relevant
Always tentative, never proven
Becomes stronger as more supporting evidence is gathered; provides a context for predictions
Has the capacity to generate new research.
*
Theory vs. hypothesisAn hypothesis is an educated guess. It usually predicts the relationship between two or more variables.
Hypotheses are more specific than theories.
Multiple hypotheses may relate to one theory.
*
Remember theory can operate on different levelsMicro-level theory seeks to explain behaviour at the level of the individual or family environment e.g. psychology ā Frustration-Aggression hypothesis or Sternbergās theory of love
Meso-level theory seeks to explain the interactions of micro-level organisms e.g. social institutions, organisations, communities
Macro-level theory seeks to explain behaviour at the level of large groups of people e.g. ethnicity, class, gender ā Conflict Theory
*
How to evaluate a theoryIs the theory or explanation logical and coherent?Is it clear and parsimonious?Does it fit the available data?Does it provide testable claims?Have theory-based predictions been tested and supported?Has it survived numerous attempts by researchers to identify problems with it or to falsify it?Does it work better than competing or rival theories or explanations?
*
Is it general enough to apply to more than one place, situation, or person?
Can practitioners use it to control or influence things in the world a good theory of teaching helps teachers to positively influence student learning; a good theory of counseling helps counselors to positively influence their clientsā mental health
*
Theory and research OR
theory in research?There is a two-way relationship between theory and research.
Social theory informs our understanding of issues, which, in turn, assists us in making research decisions and making sense of the world.
The experience of.
Knowledge science, concept computing and intelligent citiesMills Davis
Ā
This keynote was presented at two Kent State University (KSU) Knowledge Science Center (KSC) symposia held in Canton, Ohio and Washington, DC. As the title suggests, this presentation focuses on three aspects of the Knowledge Science Center mission: knowledge science, concept computing, and intelligent cities. The mission of knowledge science is transformation. Concept computing is the next paradigm. And, intelligent cities are a destination worthy of the journey.
Fue theory 4 lecture 3 - theory in relation to methodGalala University
Ā
This document provides an overview of theory and its relationship to research methodology in architecture. It discusses several key points:
1. There are different types of theories, including scientific/positive theories that can be tested, and normative/design theories that provide guidance but cannot be proven.
2. Theories generally have six components: observations, logical connections, conclusions, links to empirical reality, assumptions, and testability.
3. Theories can be categorized as big/grand, medium-range, or small based on their scope. Polemical theories take opposing positions on design concepts.
4. Scientific theories aim to predict through identifying causal links, while design theories focus more on persuasion given their
What points must be kept in mind while defining aResearch problem? Briefy mensionthe advantages of considering this points while defining a research problem
Astronomy is primarily an observational science where scientists cannot actively experiment on celestial objects. Scientists use large surveys to collect data on many objects to look for variations. Population studies examine limited groups that share properties to see how features relate. Coordinate systems like altitude-azimuth and right ascension-declination are used to precisely map the positions of stars and other objects in the sky.
The natural sciences aim to map and understand the material world through systematic observation and experimentation. Their central metaphor is producing an accurate map of reality. Key questions are what makes the natural sciences so successful at explanation and prediction, and whether their methods are key to this success. The document examines different perspectives on defining and understanding the natural sciences, including their subject matter, shared methodology, and relationships between disciplines like physics, chemistry, and biology.
G:\Mahdi\Research Methods In Entrepreneurshipmahdi kazemi
Ā
This document summarizes key points from a chapter on research methods in entrepreneurship. It discusses how Newtonian physics has influenced research by promoting biases like determinism, incrementalism, and adaptionism. This leads to a "classic" dissertation format focused on developing theories and hypotheses to test. However, this approach is problematic for emerging fields like entrepreneurship that involve more unpredictable human behavior. The summary advocates for more exploratory, empirical research over rigidly testing deductive hypotheses in new paradigms.
The document provides an overview of an organizational theory and leadership course. It includes quotes and passages about leadership, change, and complexity in education. The professor outlines the course objectives of developing a model of schools as formal organizations to understand how parts interact and suggest effective practices. Students will complete readings on concepts like logical reasoning and research evaluation to inform their analysis of education programs and reforms. The course content will be organized around filling in a table representing schools as organizations with inputs, components, and outcomes.
My Favourite Teacher Essay. Essay on my favourite teacher. Essay on My Favou...Rocio Garcia
Ā
Essay on My Favourite Teacher for Students and Children in English - A .... My Favourite Teacher Essay in English [100, 120, 150, 200, 250 Words]. Essay on My Favourite Teacher for Students in English (2023). Free My Favourite Teacher Essay Examples And Topic Ideas | Studymoose.com. My Favourite Teacher Essay in English for Students, Kids and Children. My favourite teacher best essay | My favourite teacher/a good teacher beautiful essay in english. Essay on " My Favourite Teacher" | Essay writing | English essay .... About my favourite teacher essay with heading in english - YouTube. My Favourite Teacher Essay in English with Proper Headings. My Favourite Teacher Essay | Long & Short Essays in 500, 200 Words. Essay on My Favourite Teacher for Students and Children in English ....
This document is an assignment on research in mathematics education. It discusses the nature of research in mathematics education compared to mathematics. It notes that while mathematics uses proofs, research in mathematics education uses various forms of evidence to build understanding. It outlines the main purposes of research in mathematics education as understanding mathematical thinking and learning as well as improving instruction. It also discusses standards for evaluating theories and models in mathematics education research, including descriptive power, explanatory power, scope, predictive power, rigor, falsifiability, replicability, and using multiple sources of evidence. The document concludes by emphasizing that mathematics education research is still a young field with progress being made to build robust theory and methods.
37 Outstanding Essay Outline Templates (Argumentative, Narrative .... Persuasive Essay: English essay outline template. Writing Center Workshops: The Outline. Rhetorical Analysis Outline Worksheet. Essay Outline Template Examples of Format and Structure. Humble blog about academic writing | Reviews of writing services and .... 14 Best Images of College Essay Outline Worksheet - Essay Research ....
The document discusses (1) a new business model and IBM proposal for cost-effective seismic processing through cloud computing, (2) an invitation to participate in a pilot project using IBM cloud computing for multiple attenuation, (3) speedups of internal multiple attenuation achieved by ConocoPhillips, (4) upcoming deliverables from M-OSRP that address industry challenges and will benefit from IBM's cloud computing, and (5) an invitation to an upcoming technical review meeting.
Wavelet estimation for a multidimensional acoustic or elastic earthArthur Weglein
Ā
A new and general wave theoretical wavelet estimation
method is derived. Knowing the seismic wavelet
is important both for processing seismic data and for
modeling the seismic response. To obtain the wavelet,
both statistical (e.g., Wiener-Levinson) and deterministic
(matching surface seismic to well-log data) methods
are generally used. In the marine case, a far-field
signature is often obtained with a deep-towed hydrophone.
The statistical methods do not allow obtaining
the phase of the wavelet, whereas the deterministic
method obviously requires data from a well. The
deep-towed hydrophone requires that the water be
deep enough for the hydrophone to be in the far field
and in addition that the reflections from the water
bottom and structure do not corrupt the measured
wavelet. None of the methods address the source
array pattern, which is important for amplitude-versus-
offset (AVO) studies.
The inverse scattering series for tasks associated with primaries: direct non...Arthur Weglein
Ā
The inverse scattering series for tasks associated with primaries: direct non-linear inversion of 1D elastic media. In this paper, research on direct inversion for two pa-
rameter acoustic media (Zhang and Weglein, 2005) is
extended to the three parameter elastic case. We present
the first set of direct non-linear inversion equations for
1D elastic media (i.e., depth varying P-velocity, shear
velocity and density). The terms for moving mislocated
reflectors are shown to be separable from amplitude
correction terms. Although in principle this direct
inversion approach requires all four components of elastic
data, synthetic tests indicate that consistent value-added
results may be achieved given only ĖDPP measurements.
We can reasonably infer that further value would derive
from actually measuring ĖDPP , ĖD PS, ĖDSP and ĖDSS as
the method requires. The method is direct with neither
a model matching nor cost function minimization.
Internal multiple attenuation using inverse scattering: Results from prestack 1 & 2D acoustic and
elastic synthetics
R. T. Coates*, Schlumberger Cambridge Research, A. B. Weglein, Arco Exploration and Production Technology
Summary
The attenuation of internal multiples in a multidimensional
earth is an important and longstanding problem in exploration
seismics. In this paper we report the results of applying
an attenuation algorithm based on the inverse scattering
series to synthetic prestack data sets generated in on
and two dimensional earth models. The attenuation algorithm
requires no information about the subsurface structure
or the velocity field. However, detailed information about
the source wavelet is a prerequisite. An attractive feature of:
the attenuation algorithm is the preservation of the amplitude
(and phase) of primary events in the data; thus allowing for
subsequent AVO and other true amplitude processing.
The document discusses the inverse scattering series (ISS) approach for eliminating internal multiples in land seismic data. ISS methods do not require information about the subsurface and can predict the traveltimes and amplitudes of all internal multiples. The authors apply 1D and 1.5D ISS algorithms to synthetic and field data from Saudi Arabia and achieve encouraging results, successfully attenuating most internal multiples while preserving primaries. However, further work is needed to more accurately predict multiples to handle interference between primaries and multiples.
This article provides an alternative perspective on full-waveform inversion (FWI) methods, arguing that current FWI approaches are indirect model-matching methods rather than direct inversion. The article aims to 1) caution against claims that FWI is a final solution, 2) propose a direct inverse approach, and 3) provide an overview comparing indirect FWI and direct inversion methods. Indirect FWI methods incorrectly use modeling equations run backwards rather than true direct inversion, limiting the understanding and effectiveness of the solutions.
The Inverse Scattering Series (ISS) is a direct inversion method
for a multidimensional acoustic, elastic and anelastic earth. It
communicates that all inversion processing goals are able to
be achieved directly and without any subsurface information.
This task is reached through a task-specific subseries of the
ISS. Using primaries in the data as subevents of the first-order
internal multiples, the leading-order attenuator can predict the
time of all the first-order internal multiples and is able to attenuate
them.
However, the ISS internal multiple attenuation algorithm can
be a computationally demanding method specially in a complex
earth. By using an approach that is based on two angular
quantities and that was proposed in Terenghi et al. (2012), the
cost of the algorithm can be controlled. The idea is to use the
two angles as key-control parameters, by limiting their variation,
to disregard some calculated contributions of the algorithm
that are negligible. Moreover, the range of integration
can be chosen as a compromise of the required degree of accuracy
and the computational time saving.
This time-saving approach is presented
Inverse scattering series for multiple attenuation: An example with surface a...Arthur Weglein
Ā
A multiple attenuation method derived from an inverse scattering
series is described. The inversion series approach allows a
separation of multiple attenuation subseries from the full series.
The surface multiple attenuation subseries was described and illustrated
in Carvalho et al. (1991, 1992). The internal multiple
attenuation method consists of selecting the parts of the odd
terms that are associated with removing only multiply reflected
energy. The method, for both types of multiples, is multidimensional
and does not rely on periodicity or differential moveout,
nor does it require a model of the reflectors generating the multiples.
An example with internal and surface multiples will be
presented.
In this paper we present a multidimensional method for attenuating internal multiples that derives from
an inverse scattering series . The method doesn't depend on periodicity or differential moveout, nor does it
require a model for the multiple generating reflectors.
Summary
Methods for removal of free-surface and internal multiples have been developed from bath a feedback model approach and inverse scatterin g theory. White these two formulations derive from different mathematica) viewpoints,
the resulting algorithm s for free-surface multiple are very similar. By contrast , the feedback and inverse scattering
method for internal multiple are totally different and have different requirements for sub surface information or
interpretive intervention . The former removes all multiple related to a certain boundary with the a of a surface
integral along this boundary ; the alter wilt predict and attenuate a ll internal multiple a t the same time . In this paper, we continue our comparison study of these internal multiple attenuation method ; specifically , we examine two
different realizations of the feedback method and the inverse scattering technique .
Internal multiple attenuation using inverse scattering: Results from prestack...Arthur Weglein
Ā
The attenuation of internal multiples in a multidimensional
earth is an important and longstanding problem in exploration
seismics. In this paper we report the results of applying
an attenuation algorithm based on the inverse scattering
series to synthetic prestack data sets generated in on
and two dimensional earth models. The attenuation algorithm
requires no information about the subsurface structure
or the velocity field. However, detailed information about
the source wavelet is a prerequisite. An attractive feature of:
the attenuation algorithm is the preservation of the amplitude
(and phase) of primary events in the data; thus allowing for
subsequent AVO and other true amplitude processing.
Wavelet estimation for a multidimensional acoustic or elastic earth- Arthur W...Arthur Weglein
Ā
A new and general wave theoretical wavelet estimation
method is derived. Knowing the seismic wavelet
is important both for processing seismic data and for
modeling the seismic response. To obtain the wavelet,
both statistical (e.g., Wiener-Levinson) and deterministic
(matching surface seismic to well-log data) methods
are generally used. In the marine case, a far-field
signature is often obtained with a deep-towed hydrophone.
The statistical methods do not allow obtaining
the phase of the wavelet, whereas the deterministic
method obviously requires data from a well. The
deep-towed hydrophone requires that the water be
deep enough for the hydrophone to be in the far field
and in addition that the reflections from the water
bottom and structure do not corrupt the measured
wavelet. None of the methods address the source
array pattern, which is important for amplitude-versus-
offset (AVO) studies
The document analyzes the reference velocity sensitivity of an elastic internal multiple attenuation algorithm. It first provides background on internal multiples and inverse scattering series methods for their attenuation. It then presents a 1.5D layered earth model and uses it to show that the elastic internal multiple algorithm can correctly predict arrival times without requiring an accurate reference velocity model, similarly to the acoustic case. The analysis involves deriving expressions for predicted internal multiples in the frequency-wavenumber domain and showing they depend only on the traveltimes of the primary reflections involved, not the reference velocities.
This document summarizes finite difference modeling methods used at M-OSRP. It discusses:
1) The second order time and fourth order space finite difference schemes used to model acoustic wave propagation.
2) How boundary conditions like Dirichlet/Neumann generate strong spurious reflections that can mask true events.
3) The importance of accurate source fields for modeling - better source fields lead to more accurate linear inversions and the ability to observe phenomena like polarity reversals in modeled data.
Inverse scattering series for multiple attenuation: An example with surface a...Arthur Weglein
Ā
A multiple attenuation method derived from an inverse scattering
series is described. The inversion series approach allows a
separation of multiple attenuation subseries from the full series.
The surface multiple attenuation subseries was described and illustrated
in Carvalho et al. (1991, 1992). The internal multiple
attenuation method consists of selecting the parts of the odd
terms that are associated with removing only multiply reflected
energy. The method, for both types of multiples, is multidimensional
and does not rely on periodicity or differential moveout,
nor does it require a model of the reflectors generating the multiples.
An example with internal and surface multiples will be
presented.
How to Manage Reception Report in Odoo 17Celine George
Ā
A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Ā
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
A Free 200-Page eBook ~ Brain and Mind Exercise.pptxOH TEIK BIN
Ā
(A Free eBook comprising 3 Sets of Presentation of a selection of Puzzles, Brain Teasers and Thinking Problems to exercise both the mind and the Right and Left Brain. To help keep the mind and brain fit and healthy. Good for both the young and old alike.
Answers are given for all the puzzles and problems.)
With Metta,
Bro. Oh Teik Bin šš¤š¤š„°
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Ā
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
Ā
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
Ā
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Juneteenth Freedom Day 2024 David Douglas School District
Ā
CSEG Interviews Arthur Weglein
1. Arthur B. Weglein received his PhD in
physics from the City University of New
York in 1975 and then spent two years as a
Robert Welsh Postdoctoral Fellow at the
University of Texas at Dallas. He entered
seismic petroleum research in 1978, first at
Cities Service Oil Company Research
Laboratory in Tulsa (1978-81) and Sohio
Petroleum Company Research Laboratory
in Dallas (1981-85). Weglein spent the next
15 years as a member of ARCOās research
staff. He spent a sabbatical year (1989-90)
as visiting professor at the Federal
University of Bahia, in Brazil, and three
years (1990-94) as scientific advisor at
Schlumberger Cambridge Research in Cambridge, England.
In 2000, Weglein joined the University of Houston as the
Margaret S. and Robert E. Sheriff Endowed Faculty Chair
in Applied Seismology.
Weglein started the Mission-Oriented Seismic Research
Program and industry consortium in January 2001. The goal
is to address highest prioritized problems whose solutions
would produce the biggest positive step-change in the abil-
ity to locate and produce hydrocarbons. This program is
designed to meet the highest standards and aligned inter-
ests of university education and research, seismology, and
the petroleum industry. In 2002, Weglein was promoted to
a university-wide chair, the Hugh Roy and Lillie Cranz
Cullen Distinguished Professorship in Physics, with a joint
professorship in the Department of Physics and the
Department of Geosciences.
The following interview was conducted by Bill Goodway,
CSEG president, and Recorder editors Satinder Chopra and
Jason Noble on 28 April 2003, on the occasion of Wegleinās
Distinguished Lecture in Calgary. The DL, āA perspective
on the evolution of processing seismic primaries and mul-
tiples for a complex multidimensional earth,ā was ultimately
presented in 25 SEG Sections in six countries. The follow-
ing article (edited for TLE and published with kind per-
mission of the Canadian Society of Exploration
Geophysicists) first appeared in the September 2003 Recorder.
Your work has been unique, beyond even the best minds in our
business. Itās hard to look back at this point and see who would
doubt the conclusions youāve come up with, but I can see at cer-
tain points you must have been seen as something of a heretic.
Many thanks for those kind words. Oh yes, a heretic.
Early on I was naĆÆve and surprised by how much opposi-
tion to new thinking there would be from both academic
and industry geoscientists, mathematicians, and physicists.
Human nature, inertia, egos, fear of being superseded, and
collisions of ambition account for some of the resistance and
negativism. Now, Iāve come to believe that new ideas will
have a concomitant and expected resistance, and to under-
stand, predict, and anticipate it. If you want most people to
think well of your efforts, go into mild variation of current
thinking research, which by the way is a useful and neces-
sary enterprise, but different from developing fundamen-
tal new concepts and step change capability.
In hindsight, Iām even more impressed when I think
about the amount of support we did (and
do) receive, in particular the depth, extent
and duration of support we received from
managementānot necessarily universal
support, but all you need is enough to carry
forward the program. Among those we are
grateful to are Hamid Al-Hakeem, Jack
Golden, Jamie Robertson, Jim OāConnell,
Dodd DeCamp, Mike Wiley, Phil Christie,
David Campbell, Marlan Downey, Bill
Clement, James Martin, Ken Tubman, Reid
Smith, Bee Bednar, Craig Cooper, Andre
Romanelli Rosa, Lincoln Guardado,
Vandemir Oliveira, Paulo Siston, Edoardo
Faria, and Jurandyr Schmidt for providing
the support and environment necessary to carry out long-
range high impact prioritized research.
In our experiences these enlightened and courageous
managers shared a certain scale of inner character, imagi-
nation, confidence, a fascination (rather than fear) of new
visions of what might be possible, and those traits often pro-
pelled their own careers. They were often geologists or geo-
logically oriented. They just had a certain personal openness
and orientation because they had this kind of courage and
flexibility and willingness to support those ready to be āthe
first to walk into a dark room.ā
Many mathematicians and physicists are not necessar-
ily better suited than others to do creative things. It surprised
me to come to this way of thinking. They are often attracted
to their discipline because things seem reasonable and
ordered. One can move away from the trouble of the real
world to a world where if you add one to both sides of the
equation and integrate it all works, itās all fair. The real
world is often not fair, people get hurt. Math can be an
escape to a world of fairness. However, when you do really
creative things, it doesnāt come from math and physics
alone. Most mathematicians and physicists, like most peo-
ple in general, want comfort in the current format, in the
current framework. To do creative things you have to jump
outside that framework, where logic cannot take you, and
trust your intuition, to attempt to reach a new, broader
superseding vision, and predictive capability. Itās your
humanness that separates you from merely manipulating
formulas and itās intuition and feeling that are both the
source of inertia and creativity. In my view, mathāphysics
capability and knowledge of geosciences is a necessary but
far from sufficient condition for significant creative contri-
bution.
With the inverse scattering multiple attenuation research,
we didnāt start with rigor; it largely began as a loose set of
guesses and then we sought a mathematical expression for
that thinking, and refinement of concepts by testing and eval-
uation. āIf this is sort of how the internal multiple might
start to be created in a forward scattering series maybe this
is how it starts to be removed in the inverse ā¦ now can we
express that thought as a guessed formula and evaluate its
validity, and refine and rethink the concept if necessary,ā
thatās how it started. It became clear that the inverse scat-
tering series had the potential to remove multiples and
image/invert primaries at depth without the traditional
need for a velocity model. Mining that potential into stable
and practical algorithms is far from trivial. The entire series
promises to input all your data at once and output the earth
ā¦ unfortunately the entire series doesnāt have favorable con-
976 THE LEADING EDGE OCTOBER 2003 SEPTEMBER 2003 THE LEADING EDGE 0000
CSEG interviews Art Weglein
Art Weglein
Editorās note: In āCSEG interviews Olivier Dubruleā (TLE,
September 2003) the name of one of the interviewers, Oliver Kuhn,
assistant technical editor of the Recorder, was inadvertently omitted
in the credits. TLE regrets this oversight.
2. vergence properties, without a good starting model that is
not available in practice ā¦ how to cajole and finesse useful
information from that overall series gave rise to a staged
and task specific subseries strategy: Locate where free sur-
face multiple removal, internal multiple removal, imaging
primaries, inverting primaries are located within the series
ā¦ that strategy has been useful and provides significant
practical benefit and added-value.
When you take a step where there is no framework, you
trust in your humanness. Itās your humanness that gives you
your edge. There are computer programs now that can do
mathematics better than we can, it can arrange equations,
and it can solve equations. Our edge is first of all under-
standing what it means, interpreting it, and going where that
manipulation canāt go because there is no logic step yet. I
think we need to educate and require that our students have
strong capabilities in the tools, but they should also trust
their intuition. Gut feelā
thatās what gives you the
edge. Roger Penrose, a pro-
fessor at Oxford, wrote The
Emperorās New Mind, a book
which demonstrates that it is impossible for a computer to
match the human mind now because the current state of
physics is fundamentally inadequate to describe the human
mind. Thereās a part of creativity that has to do with taking
a step that you canāt explain. In our field there is a big com-
ponent of nonrigor at the beginning. Then others come and
fancy it up and make themselves happy; that often takes
years. Thereās an obvious important place for rigorous math-
ematics to clearly understand the assumptions and condi-
tions behind your algorithm, but if youāre trying to take a
step that will provide a significant new concept, and poten-
tial capability, I know of no step that first came from only
deriving things.
Art, I was looking at your research interests, and it says, āResearch
and development of new seismic technology that enables exploration
and production of hydrocarbons, a prioritized list of problems is iden-
tified which is felt will have the highest impact.ā So what is your
prioritized list and what kind of problems are you working on?
In general, imaging at depth and delineating large con-
trast targets, with complex geometry, beneath a complex
overburden such as basalt, salt, karsted sediments, and vol-
canics are outstanding and highest priority issues for E&P
and hence, are at the top of our list. For example, we hear
from oil company operations people that imaging beneath
salt was, and is, their biggest obstacle to current effective-
ness in deep water Gulf of Mexico. Thatās something we did-
nāt have particular knowledge of; we certainly didnāt have
knowledge of velocity analysis. We were involved in devel-
opment of migration-inversion theory, which along with all
current depth-accurate imaging techniques assumes an ade-
quate velocity is achievable. We were spending a lot of time
on multiples, 10 or 12 years, we could have continued, that
would be an easy road. We chose not to do that. That would
be boring. Itās not dangerous anymore. Thereās a bit of excite-
ment in hearing today at the Distinguished Lecture, āYouāre
going to get the accurate depth image when you havenāt got
the velocity, before or after, give me a break!ā Those same
people thought it impossible to attenuate all multiples with-
out knowing the subsurface ā¦ now itās an industry standard.
It was hard to fathom that that could be possible back then.
Now we are pursuing imaging and inversion at the correct
depth beneath complex media, without the detailed veloc-
ity. Itās intriguing, it is relevant, and most important it is very
highest priority for E&P and it deserves our attention. In
exploration and production you want more effective capa-
bility, not solving insignificant problems that publish use-
less papers, with low priority issues/parameters. If you are
solving the most significant science, stepping out, then you
are having a step improvement in prediction and a step
reduction in risk. There is an alignment between the inter-
ests of science and the petroleum industry; because they are
both best served by solving prioritized problems. A drill is
empirical, itās experiment. From a scientific perspective,
mathematics and models donāt mean anything until you
experiment; it isnāt science until then. To paraphrase Francis
Bacon and Albert Einstein, all the chicken scratching on the
blackboard is philosophy until you experiment and, for us,
the experiment is when we drill into the earth. Thereās a very
high bar for exploration and productionāit has to be effec-
tive. It has to move the drill from a less to a more reliable
location.
Publishing papers is a
walk in the park. Producing
truly new and impactful
methods and algorithms is
another thing altogether.
You spent a lot of time with Bob Stolt, whose f-k algorithm came
at a very opportune time to help people to migrate data quickly.
What is Stolt working on now?
After his f-k paper, Stolt made pioneering contributions
to migration-inversion and inverse scattering multiple atten-
uation. He published a paper just last year on data recon-
struction, extrapolating, and interpolating data with a better
model. Stolt is very deep, very capable, enormously pro-
ductive and creative, and very quiet. I often have a need to
explain to people what we do. When someone doesnāt
understand I feel it necessary to try to make it clearer. Stolt
has a confidence that, he understands, and if you donāt
understand perhaps thatās your problem. Itās refreshing to
see. Working together with Stolt is a special privilege; it also
provides a good balance to that issue for me.
I have followed your interaction with Guus Berkhout and the con-
troversy over the need for the background velocity field for atten-
uating internal multiples. I was impressed with your reply when
he acknowledged that you were correct.
The statements that Berkhout made that you are refer-
ring to speak to his personal and professional integrity, and
I stated that at the time in reply to his statement.
In our personal history, Guus and I had a bit of an adver-
sarial relationship early on. People found it amusing and
entertaining, but then we sat down and decided to collab-
orate. He was a very gracious and warm host when an
opportunity was arranged for me to be a visiting professor
at Delft University. What impressed me most working one
on one with Guus was his physical intuition and creativity.
He has made numerous significant theoretical contribu-
tions, and he makes sure they are applied and have impact.
We learned things from Berkhout and his group, and vice
versa, about the nature of multiples. Each group got stronger.
We cooperated but we also were competing. And we both
drove harder to the internal multiple on field data because
we knew the other one was after it.
The main controversy, as you indicate, Bill, was about
the need for an accurate background velocity field for atten-
uating internal multiples, which Guus defended and I said
we didnāt need. His agreement on that point at the SEG and
EAGE meetings some years back speaks to his technical acu-
men and strength and character. So now we are at a simi-
lar juncture on that point, but there are still substantive
978 THE LEADING EDGE OCTOBER 2003 SEPTEMBER 2003 THE LEADING EDGE 0000
āIf you study whatever you are studying
in great depth, that will pay a dividend.ā
3. differences between our actual methods/approaches for
free surface and internal multiples. When you can isolate
the reflector in your data where an internal multiple has its
downward reflection, there are computational advantages
to his approach ā¦but when you are interested in attenuat-
ing all internal multiples without any interpretive inter-
vention, or picking reflectors or anything else, the inverse
scattering internal demultiple algorithm is the method of
choice. Both methods belong in your toolbox.
In our current research, weāre saying you donāt need the
background velocity detail to get a detailed image in depth.
As you could see there were quite a few people in the DL
audience today who were not comfortable with that asser-
tion.At the least, we know itās new when there is that degree
of discomfort.
I think the discomfort today at the lecture was in the lack of back-
ground field for the depth image.
Right. Because thatās new. Twelve years ago if you said
you were going to predict the multiples without any infor-
mation about the earthāin other words, you were going to
have a section with the data and a section with the ringing
from the salt predicted without knowing top or bottom of
saltāthey would have thought you were insane. Fifteen
years ago processing primaries were conceptually more
advanced than processing multiples; now that situation is
reversed. Previously multiples were treated as deriving from
a 1D earth with a known 1D velocity, whereas primaries were
viewed as deriving from a multi-D earth with a known
multi-D velocity. Free surface and internal multiples can be
attenuated today with absolutely no subsurface information
whatsoever about the heterogeneous and/or anisotropic
multi-D earth by arranging certain distinct additive and
multiplicative communications between the entire recorded
wavefield of primaries and multiples. Multiplicative com-
munication is the key difference that allowed multiple atten-
uation to leap-frog processing primaries in concept and
efficacy.
Current leading-edge imaging methods, once you have
settled on your velocity model, only allow additive com-
munication between events that have experienced the same
reflector. For this reason , an inadequate velocity model will
result in an inadequate image in depth. Sums of the surface
data produce an image in depth, and weighted sums of the
imaged data over angle produce theAVO response. Our cur-
rent research seeks to extend the vision and capability to
processing primaries that we earlier provided to removing
multiples. Allowing other specific types of distinct additive
and multiplicative communication between all primaries at
once, contains the conceptual possibility of imaging and
inverting all primaries at their correct spatial locations, with-
out knowing or determining an adequate velocity model.
This provides a totally new vision for primaries aimed at
directly addressing our most significant and intractable E&P
problems. That some might find this unbelievable today and
not deserving their attention and support is not surprising;
what is truly amazing to me is the breadth and depth of
industry support worldwide and the direct industry col-
laboration we have received. Thatās an extremely optimistic
and positive note about the petroleum industry.
In our early history, migration-inversionāa form of
migration before AVOāwas received with the biggest neg-
ative blowback, both from people in migration and people
in AVO. They made it clear in the strongest terms possible
how crazy we were. Today itās just another industry com-
mon practice.
Youāre saying the migration people didnāt really believe the ampli-
tudes they came up with?
Many migration people stated āthey were not interested
in amplitudesā and the AVO mantra was, āWe can ignore
multi-D effects on propagation and reflection, because our 1D
model is closer to the real 3D world (since both are odd num-
bers) than 2D is to 3D.ā The guys who are really doing new
things more often than not can accept other new things. Thatās
a big test of the mettle of a scientist.You first demonstrate your
respect of science by trying to improve upon it. The toughest
test is to know that you yourself will be superseded. Of course
we donāt try to make that easy, we try to keep moving, but
itās going to happen. Everything we do has assumptions
including all the things we said at the Distinguished Lecture
today, and we make them, acknowledge them, and argue for
their reasonableness. Todayās reasonable assumption is invari-
ably tomorrowās high obstacle to effectiveness.
I donāt think anyone would accuse you of being an obstacle, but of
testing their ability to think beyond the box.
Thank you, Bill. In real research you have to be prepared
to fail. Stolt and I worked on something in the late 1970s and
early 1980s that we eventually decided was intractable. If
youāre really in the new research business, thatās something
for managers to understand, and also in universities. If every-
one were showing progress, I would say, āWhere are the fail-
ures?ā If you are never failing youāre not taking chances with
new thinking. Youāve got to have some rate of failing. Stolt
and I, separatelyāhe at Stanford, I at Cities Service Oilāwere
lookingforaclosedformsolutiontothesimplestmulti-Dearth:
Velocity varying in x and z. Just find an algorithm for that type
of model, without small earth property changes or other lin-
ear assumptions, which didnāt require a series. We worked
very hard, looked all over the world, and tried to solve it our-
selves, and couldnāt find a solution. We shut it down; youāve
got to know when itās enough. When you do that it isnāt a
waste of time. We learned a lot of things that guided other
approaches to these prioritized problems.
How do you in a tenure system, or an industry judging
research, allow people who have potential big steps within
them to have the flexibility to fail? If youāre not allowing that
flexibility for some portion of your research staff, all youāre
going to get are small, insignificant cosmetic forms of change.
Counting the number of published papers is easy and quan-
titative but rarely a metric of real contribution. Youāve got to
have the right people. You give some people too much free-
dom, theyāll go sit on the beach and drink piƱa coladas. I had
agreatmanageratARCO,Al-Hakeemwhosaid,āWhyshould
we send you to Brazil? If I think of whatās best for ARCO for
next year, I shouldnāt send you. But if I think whatās best for
ARCO for the next 10 years, it makes sense. It will give you
a place to think.ā It was that, and I am indebted to him. All
of the research on multiples had its origin there.
Is it your perspective that companies have all changed for the worse
now?
I think the oil companies are moving in the wrong direc-
tioningeneralātoomuchshort-termthinkingonresearchand
technologydevelopment,toomuchoutsourcing.Therearesev-
eral hopeful exceptions, however, and reason for measured
optimism. You donāt outsource what you consider critical to
your business success and competitive advantage. On the
otherhand,Ihavealsobeenextremelyencouraged,andfrankly
positively surprised, by the broad and extensive industry sup-
port of our efforts within the Mission-Oriented Seismic
ResearchProgramatUniversityofHouston.Itspeaksvolumes
about the interest that exists within the industry for support-
980 THE LEADING EDGE OCTOBER 2003 SEPTEMBER 2003 THE LEADING EDGE 0000